Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We analyzed the clinicopathological factors influencing the serum AFP levels at the time of diagnosis in 114 patients with resected HCC. The proportion of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels (> 100 ng/ml) has been steadily decreasing from a rate of 57.2% in 1980 to 33.3% in 1993. A significant relationship was noted between the serum AFP levels and the virus marker (p < 0.01) based on a multivariate analysis. The proportion of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels was significantly less in anti-HCV- positive HCC patients than in HBsAg-positive HCC patients (p < 0.01). The proportion of HBsAg-positive HCC patients has been steadily decreasing from a rate of 48% in 1980 to 15% in 1993. In contrast, the proportion of anti-HCV-positive HCC patients was 69% in 1993. It is thus assumed that the prevalence of anti-HCV-positive HCC patients is increasing recently, based on the fact that the incidence of HCC patients with high serum AFP levels is decreasing.
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PMID:The low positive rate of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in hepatitis C virus antibody-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 875 Nov 93

Treatment is always abandoned in those HCC with jaundice, because it is usually attributed to the underlying liver cirrhosis and extensive tumor. In this series, 7 cases (0.8%) of HCC with jaundice were caused by bile duct invasion and tumor thrombi (BTT). 57% of cases showed Charcot's triad. 57% of BTT were small HCC, significantly higher than the 1.7% of total cases (p<0.05). The growth pattern of BTT was all spreading type, significantly higher than the 42% of total operation cases (p<0.05). The DNA ploidy of BTT was all aneuploid. 57% of BTT had AFP level higher than 400 IU/ml, but it was 27% in total cases. The prognosis is poor in those treated with palliative tube drainage. Aggressive hepatic resection was proved to be safe and achieved the best results in our limited experience. Choledochotomy to remove tumor thrombi is contraindicated because it easily causes tumor seeding. It is advocated to search BTT for resection from the group of HCC with jaundice.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with biliary tumor thrombi. 902 91

To investigate the reasons why primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is prevalent in male, androgen receptors (AR) in cytoplasm and nucleus were quantitatively detected in tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent tissue of 23 patients with HCC and liver tissue of normal livers by means of receptor radio-ligand binding assay. The concentrations of AR in cytoplasm and nucleus were as follows: 0.20-5.30, 1.91-6.50 fmol/mg protein in normal liver tissue; 5.12-27.62, 10.73-47.18 fmol/mg protein in tumor tissue; and 3.18-14.98, 5.15-36.32 fmol/mg protein in tumor-surrounding tissue. The mean concentrations of AR in cytoplasm or nucleus decreased in the order of tumor tissue, tumor-surrounding tissue and normal liver tissue, and the differences among them were statistically significant. The concentration of AR in tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent tissue had no direct or indirect association with sex, age, abuse of alcohol, HBsAg, HBcAb, AFP, pathological type of tumor, differentiation degree of tumor cells and the underlying liver disease. The result suggests that the prevalence of HCC in male over in female in China may be somehow related to the expression of AR in tumor cells.
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PMID:[Androgen receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma and the surrounding liver tissues in China]. 938 58

Combined hepatocellular (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) (mixed carcinoma) is a rare subtype of primary hepatic carcinoma. We report a case of mixed carcinoma that developed in a non-cirrhotic liver, in a patient who was serologically negative for both hepatitis B and C viruses. A 65-year-old Japanese woman with a 25-year history of chronic rheumatoid arthritis had been treated with steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs, and was diagnosed by ultrasonography with an asymptomatic solitary tumor in the right lobe of the liver. On computed tomography scan and hepatic arteriography, the tumor was well enhanced by contrast medium in the early phase. Based on the findings of elevated serum alpha-feto protein (AFP, 245 ng/ml) and normal carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA, 2.6 ng/ml) levels, a preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made. Right lobectomy of the liver was performed on January 7, 1997. Histological examination showed that the resected tumor consisted of combined CCC cells and HCC cells in an intermingled form, with CCC being far more dominant than HCC. The tumor was therefore determined to be a combined carcinoma, subclassified as intermingled type. This case appears to indicate that mixed type carcinoma developed in a non-cirrhotic liver, with CCC being dominant; such a finding is extremely unusual, based on previously published reports.
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PMID:Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic liver. 971 50

Surgical resection remains the best option for potential cure and long-term survival in patients with HCC. The question of to what extent transplantation for HCC should be performed remains controversial. There appears to be a definite role for OLT in the treatment of HCC, with many series showing improved survival over resection, especially with "favorable" tumors. What remains to be determined are the best patients and the best protocol. There is little question that patients with small unifocal tumors do well after OLT. It is the patient who falls outside of these narrow guidelines that poses a problem in clinical decision making and organ allocation. The ability to determine relative risk of recurrence of HCC would perhaps allow a more equitable allocation of a scarce resource. Currently, we evaluate each patient with HCC on an individual basis, making the best decision possible based on the patient's clinical status, our most advanced current imaging studies, and known clinical prognostic factors (Table 6). Adequate staging is essential to determine suitable candidates. Advances in multimodal adjuvant therapy are needed for patients with poor prognostic factors to achieve results similar to what is seen in those who receive transplants for nonmalignant diseases. Attempts at resection should be performed for those patients presenting with Child's class A cirrhosis, because these are the patients who would tolerate a resection with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Limited resections based on segmental anatomy may be consider in "good risk" Child's class B cirrhotics, considering the current organ shortage. Child's class C and decompensated Child's class B patients without significant risk factors should be evaluated for transplantation, and preoperative chemoembolization should be considered to prevent spread while the patient is on the waiting list. These patients should be monitored with imaging studies and by AFP levels on a regular basis while they await their transplant. After transplantation, chemotherapy should be considered for those patients with moderate to high risk of recurrence, within the guidelines of an institutional or multicenter protocol. In patients with multiple poor prognostic factors, or those who are too ill to undergo resection or transplantation, palliative measures may be used. As the need for organs increases, and the wait continues to grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to justify the use of a scarce resource for patients with a known less desirable outcome. On the other hand, we must be careful not to exclude an entire group of patients from a potentially curative procedure. We now have evidence that survival after transplantation for HCC in carefully chosen patients can equal that of benign disease. We need to be selective and cautious in our choice of recipients, but not exclusive, using prior experience and the knowledge we now possess regarding a set of fairly well-delineated risk factors.
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PMID:Surgical options for hepatocellular carcinoma: resection and transplantation. 974 1

To investigate a new kind of anti-tumor immunological cells and improve surgical results of hepatocellular carcinoma by anti-recurrence application, we activated T cells isolated from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by double stimulating signals: the one was autologus HCC cells which were treated with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha for enhancing expression of MHC class I and presented tumor antigen, and the other was costimulation signals which was from ICAM-1 and B7 molecules expressed on treated HCC cells as well as CD28 mAbs. Activated T cells which bound to HCC cells were expanded selectively as tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TS-CTLs), their cytotoxic activity in vitro and anti-tumor effects in vivo were observed. Our results suggested that TS-CTLs expressed high cytotoxicity against autologous HCC cells with MHC class I restriction manner. Adoptive TS-CTLs treatment could decrease serum AFP level, inhibit ascites formation and prolong survival in SCID mice bearing human HCC. In clinical trail of 12 cases of HCC, TS-CTLs treatment was able to delay tumor recurrence after HCC resection. Our data demonstrated that TS-CTLs as new immunological treatment modality, are of great value in further application of tumor comprehensive management.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical research of cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 1037 86

Using Northern blot method, we examined the expression of c-met in human hepatocellular cancer. Of 30 patients tested, the expression of c-met mRNA was not significantly different in HCC tissues from corresponding noncancerous parenchyma (P > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between c-met expression and grade of differentiation, stage of clinic, AFP, HBsAg (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that c-met may play different roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[c-met expression in human hepatocellular cancer]. 1037 71

The AFP regulatory sequences are among the best known tumor-specific transcriptional regulators. A number of groups have demonstrated that a variety of genes can be expressed in an HCC-specific manner under the control of the AFP regulatory sequences in vitro and in vivo. It would appear that, with the development of a suitable delivery system, HCC-directed gene therapy using the AFP regulatory sequences holds a promising future.
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PMID:Human alpha-fetoprotein transcriptional regulatory sequences. Application to gene therapy. 1081 Jun 14

Based on the fact that somatostatin (SST) analogs have given promising results for treatment of hepatocellular cancer, we performed both in vitro and in vivo investigations to define the role of a depot formulation of the long acting SST-analog lanreotide (LAN). A decrease of cells in the S-phase as compared to controls (p<0.03) followed by a significant, dose-dependent induction of apoptosis could be demonstrated in Hep G2 cells along with a dose-dependent influence of the peptide on cellular proliferation. Northern blotting demonstrated the presence of mRNA for SSTR subtypes 2, 3 and 4 in Hep G2 cells, but only slight SSTR expression in normal liver tissue. In addition, 21 untreated patients with advanced HCC not amenable to surgery were administered 30 mg of LAN by deep intramuscular injection every 14 days until documented disease progression. Fifteen of these patients also underwent scanning with commercially available 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-Octreotide (111In-OCT) to define the in vivo expression of SSTR. No positive 111In-OCT scans were obtained, indicating the absence of relevant amounts of functional SSTR2 in HCC. One patient (5%) showed a partial response to treatment, 8 patients had stable disease (38%), while the remaining patients progressed during treatment. The median survival was 4.2 months (range 1.2-13+), and the median time to progression was 2.5 months (range, 1.5-7+). However, 4 patients (19%) had an increase in WHO performance status lasting between 2.5 and 6 months, 5 patients (24%) had an increase in body weight, while pain markedly improved in 1 additional patient (5%). In total, 5 patients (24%) had a decrease in serum-AFP levels by at least 30%. Our results clearly indicate the ability of LAN to decrease the S-phase fraction along with induction of apoptosis in Hep G2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest clinical potential of SST-analogs in HCC and indicate that suboptimal doses of the peptide might have been administered in our series.
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PMID:Treatment of hepatocellular cancer with the long acting somatostatin analog lanreotide in vitro and in vivo. 1081 95

Early diagnosis of HCC is possible because certain risk factors for this tumor are known and because sensitive and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tools are available. Early diagnosis of HCC is also possible because of the long phase of asymptomatic tumor growth and the tumor's tendency to grow as a solitary mass in many patients. In two consensus development conferences held in Anchorage, Alaska and in Milan, Italy, chronic carriers of HBsAg, patients with cirrhosis, patients with rare metabolic liver diseases, and individuals with family histories of HCC were identified as patients at high risk for HCC and therefore as candidates for periodic screening. At the Anchorage conference, it was recommended that healthy carriers have at least yearly determinations of serum AFP and that carriers with additional risk factors (e.g., cirrhosis) be screened every 6 months by abdominal US scans and determination of serum AFP levels. No specific recommendations were released for HBsAg-negative patients with chronic liver disease. At the Milan conference, it was recommend that patients with cirrhosis or with certain congenital metabolic conditions known to be at risk for HCC should be screened by AFP determination and US scan twice a year. It was also recommended that HBsAg carriers older than 35 years or with family histories of HCC should be screened for HCC by determinations of serum AFP levels and aminotransferase levels once a year.
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PMID:Screening for cancer in viral hepatitis. 1121 10


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