Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors concurrently determined four markers consisting of novel gamma-GTP isoenzyme (Novel gamma-GTP), variant alkaline phosphatase (VAALP), basic fetoprotein (BFP) and CEA in addition to AFP in 144 patients having HCC. Serum AFP levels below 400ng/ml, a condition commonly seen in sera of hepatobiliary diseases other than HCC were obtained in 60 our of patients, or 42%. There was little correlation among positivities of these markers, and the diagnostic usefulness was increased by combination assay of these markers, except in the case of CEA. Specific diagnosis of HCC could be made in 78% by a combination of Novel gamma-GTP and VAALP in addition to AFP. Moreover, diagnosis of an existing malignancy could be made in 87% by BFP in addition to AFP, Novel gamma-GTP and VAALP. Positive ratios of BFP and CEA increased in proportion to staging, whereas those of AFP and Novel gamma-GTP were independent of the stage and relatively high even in patients within the early stage. In general, incidences of these markers were relatively lower in patients having small HCC, however, markers of a secreting type such as AFP and Novel gamma-GTP were relatively useful for early diagnosis of HCC.
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PMID:[Tumor markers of hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to diagnostic efficacy of combination of these markers and relation to its stages]. 619 67

A clinicopathologic analysis of 93 hepatectomies of < 3 cm small hepatocellular carcinoma (small-HCC) over the last ten years was made, which accounted for 8.5% in 1096 resected HCC during the same period. Serum AFP levels of > or = 400 micrograms/L in patients with small-HCC accounted for 40.3%. The rate of capsule formation was 58.1%, and the incidences of tumor direct invasion, cancer thrombus as well as tumor satellites were 33.3%, 28% and 3.2%, respectively. The 5-year postoperative survival rate of patients with small-HCC was 77.9%. It is proposed that the essential features of < 3 cm small-HCC are: (1) expanding growth pattern and capsule formation in majority of the cases; (2) the lesions are limited, seldom occurring long-distance (> 2 cm) invasion; (3) the incidence of cancer thrombus and satellites are lower; and (4) the majority of < 3 cm small-HCC are of diploid DNA content, showing a relatively slow growth. It is considered that < 3 cm small- HCC basically reflects the pathobiologic features of early HCC, and is an important opportunity of achieving radical therapeutic effect after the resection.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic features of small hepatocellular carcinoma--an analysis of ninety-three cases]. 751 35

We performed Tc-99m PMT imaging in 176 patients with HCC and evaluated factors affecting 99mTc-PMT uptake by HCC with a logistic model. The probability of HCC showing increase in uptake of the radioisotope was 104.6 times higher in patients with the Ed I type than in those with the Ed III type and 12.1 times higher in patients with a tumor diameter of 5.0-7.9 cm than in those with a tumor diameter of 2.0-5.0 cm. Among the other variables, the serum AFP level and sex were suggested to have effects similar to those of the tumor size on Tc-99m PMT uptake by HCC. The grade of morphological differentiation of the tumor was therefore most markedly related to Tc-99m PMT uptake.
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PMID:Analysis of factors affecting uptake of Tc-99m Sn-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan by hepatocellular carcinoma. 752 Nov 95

The expression of P21, AFP and CEA were detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its surrounding nontumor tissues by immunohistochemical staining on serial sections. The significance of AFP and P21 in HCC auxiliary diagnosis was discussed. The results are as follows: (1) AFP and P21 were more closely related with HCC than CEA. Both AFP and P21 were expressed simultaneously in more than half the cases. The distribution of these two antigens in HCC was similar. (2) The positive incidence of AFP in tumor tissues was higher than that in surrounding nontumor tissues, but vice versa for P21. Based on the results of this study, we regard that AFP is a relatively specific marker of HCC, better than P21 in auxiliary diagnosis of HCC. The hepatocytes which surround the tumor and can simultaneously express AFP and P21, are likely to be precancerous cells which have been initiated and possess the ability of neoplastic growth but lack phenotype transformation.
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PMID:[A comparative study of the expression of ras oncogenic protein P21 and oncofetal protein AFP, CEA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. 752 89

Our patient presented with a large liver mass, an extremely elevated AFP level, and an almost certain diagnosis of HCC. However, extensive evaluation and biopsies failed to demonstrate malignancy, and the available evidence strongly suggests that the patient has an adult polycystic disease without renal involvement, and that the mass was the result of hemorrhage and degenerative changes in one of his cysts. Polycystic diseases can involve only one lobe, as it appears in this case. Only about 10-15% of patients with polycystic disease have symptoms due to the liver disease, while 30-50% have associated renal disease. Thus, our patient is unusual in several respects. However, his liver mass has decreased in size, he feels well, and his biochemical abnormalities have returned to normal. Despite a classic presentation for HCC, this case underscores the necessity for a thorough evaluation, especially for patients without major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:A 22-year-old man with a liver mass and markedly elevated serum alpha fetoprotein. 753 71

Of 275 patients who had a radical hepatic resection for HCC, 143 (52%) experienced recurrences. Of these 143 patients, the liver was the site of first recurrence in 130 patients (91%). The first form of therapy for recurrent patients was transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in 82 (74%), hepatic resection in 15 (14%) and percutaneous ethanol injection in 6 (5%) of the 111 patients who received regional therapy. Post-recurrent survival rates of TACE and hepatic resection were 37%, 77% at 3 years and 17%, 77% at 5 years, respectively. Wrapping therapy was performed in seven patients, two of whom had received repeat TACE for intrahepatic recurrence; the remaining 5 were unresectable cases. After wrapping therapy, the area of previous collateral feeders was be supplied by the hepatic artery. The high level of AFP decreased dramatically. This procedure resulted in a complete response in 2 patients, a partial response in 3 and no change in 2. Overall survival was 4-54 months, and the median survival was 18 months. Two patients are still alive, 18 and 20 months after the procedure.
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PMID:Palliative surgical treatment for recurrent and non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. 769

We reported a case in which 99mTc-PMT scintigraphy was useful in diagnosing orbital metastasis of HCC. The case involved a 70 y.o. male, who had undergone nine transcatheter arterial embolizations over two years because of HCC and who had a past history of gastric cancer. The patient had complained of headache and visual disturbance for two months. Cranial CT and MRI studies showed a large homogeneous mass with remarkable bone destruction in the right lateral orbital wall. Because AFP was elevated, orbital metastasis of HCC was suspected, and 99mTc-PMT scanning was performed. On the planar and SPECT images, very high uptake was found in the right orbital tumor. The FDG-PET study showed remarkable hypermetabolism in the medial portion of tumor and follow-up MRI revealed that the tumor had expanded and invaded to the medial side of the orbit. 99mTc-PMT scanning was critical in diagnosing this case of orbital metastasis, and FDG-PET imaging was useful in determining the most active portion of the tumor.
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PMID:[Usefulness of 99mTc-PMT SPECT and 18F-FDG PET in diagnosing orbital metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 780 27

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) has become widely used in the treatment of HCC. However, the indications for this method are limited by the toxicity of ethanol itself. Against this background, the authors turned their attention to the heat coagulation necrosis effect induced by boiled physiological saline (hot water) and devised percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) as a new local treatment method. PHoT was performed a total of 41 times in 13 patients (16 nodules) with HCCs measuring < or = 3 cm. Changes in AFP values, CT findings, angiographic findings before and after treatment, and histopathological findings of needle biopsy or resected specimen were investigated. AFP values decreased in all of the seven patients who initially showed high values. On CT, all lesions receiving PHoT became hypodense, with this change thought to indicate necrosis. Disappearance of the tumor stain was confirmed in the four patients in whom follow-up angiography was performed. In the six patients in whom needle biopsy was performed, disappearance and scaring of tumor cells were observed, while in the one patient in whom the tumor was resected, complete necrosis of the tumor was confirmed. PHoT, despite a small number of punctures, shows good anti-tumor effects, and has promise not only as a curative local treatment method for small HCCs but also in combination with TAE for large HCCs.
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PMID:[Percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) for hepatic tumors: a clinical study]. 839 88

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) appears to be a useful tumor marker for the evaluation of patients with HCC. DCP is produced by the malignant hepatocyte and appears to result from an acquired posttranslational defect in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system. DCP production is independent of vitamin K deficiency, although pharmacological doses of vitamin K can transiently suppress DCP production in some tumors. DCP levels greater than 0.1 AU/ml (100 ng/ml) on ELISA are highly suggestive of HCC or tumor recurrence. Normalization of DCP levels correlates well with successful tumor resection and appears to be an excellent marker of tumor activity. Plasma DCP does not correlate with AFP levels. However, when used together, DCP and AFP assays increase the sensitivity to HCC in more than 85% of patients. The specificity of the DCP assay appears to be superior to that of AFP; fewer than 5% of patients with nonmalignant liver disorders have DCP levels in excess of 100 ng/ml. In patients with medium to large HCC, DCP levels do correlate with tumor size. In tumors of less than 3 cm, DCP levels are increased in only 20% of patients. However, the diagnostic threshold for the DCP assay may be improved by newer assays that can detect partially carboxylated DCP species not measured by the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.
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PMID:Des-gamma-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review. 840 74

A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of HCC with a thrombus growing from the right branch to the trunk of the portal vein. His hepatic functional reserve was fairly good. Serum levels of AFP and PIVKA-II were elevated to 1,780 ng/ml and 27 AU-ml, respectively. The hepatic arteriogram showed a hypervascular tumor approximately 4 cm in diameter in the right anterior segment and many ill-defined small tumor stains around the main tumor. Portal phase of superior mesenteric arteriogram revealed filling defect in the portal trunk, and no visualization of the right branch of portal vein. SMANCS-Lipiodol was infused via right hepatic artery, and Spongel was infused via right anterior branch of hepatic artery. Three months after the first therapy, the tumor markers normalized. A computed tomography scan showed that the main tumor and the tumor thrombus were markedly decreased in size, whereas the hepatic angiogram revealed tumor stains around the main tumor. SMANCS-Lipiodol was again infused via proper hepatic artery. He has remained well for 16 months after the first treatment. The combination of the arterial infusion of SMANCS-Lipiodol with the selective TAE was very effective for this case, probably because his hepatic functional reserve was fairly good and the left branch of portal vein was patent. It was suggested that SMANCS-Lipiodol with the selective TAE could be one therapy to be considered for a patient like this case.
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PMID:[A successful treatment using SMANCS-TAE for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the portal trunk]. 868 25


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