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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) (HCC) presenting as primary extrahepatic masses on CT are reported. All cases were diagnosed at the time of percutaneous biopsy, surgical resection, or autopsy. In none of the cases was the final diagnosis of HCC prospectively suspected on the basis of clinical and radiologic findings. Although three of the patients were at higher risk for development of HCC because of their medical histories, the absence of an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level and the extrahepatic location of the masses by CT suggested other disease. This variable pattern of radiologic presentation of HCC should be kept in mind during the evaluation of patients with suspected HCC, or when the findings on abdominal/pelvic CT of mass and presumed hepatic metastases are at variance with the clinical presentation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as primary extrahepatic mass on CT. 300 40

A continuous human cell line was established from a hepatocellular carcinoma of an HBsAg-positive Japanese male. The cell line, designated HCC-M, grows as an adhering monolayer with a doubling time of 24 h in medium RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS and grows with 30% clonal efficiency in soft agar. The cells have been shown by light and electron microscopy to be of epithelial type. When they were transplanted subcutaneously into the back of athymic nude mice (BALB/c, nu/nu), tumors developed at the sites of inoculation, which were shown to be hepatocellular carcinoma, similar in morphology to the original tumor from which they were derived. HCC-M had a chromosome mode of 63 with five identifiable marker chromosomes. HCC-M produced albumin at the 10th passage but this property was lost by the 30th passage. This cell line has not secreted alpha-fetoprotein. Hepatitis B viral particles or HBsAg have not been demonstrated in the cells from the primary culture nor in several subsequent subcultures tested.
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PMID:Establishment of a cell line (HCC-M) from a human hepatocellular carcinoma. 630 92

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is rare, constituting much less than 5% of all primary liver cancers. Its dual histologic and cytologic differentiation may be a major problem in the differential diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the liver. We describe two cases of combined HCC-CC, both examined initially by FNAB. Cytologic smears were markedly cellular, with a population of slightly to moderately pleomorphic neoplastic cells, often arranged in cohesive cords and columns resembling anastomosing hepatic plates. Many of these cells had centrally placed nuclei and a moderate amount of granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Other cellular groups were arranged in acinar formations, with eccentric nuclei and intraluminal and cytoplasmic mucin production. Both types of cells were positive for cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen; in one case the carcinoma cells were also focally positive for alpha-fetoprotein. Although these neoplasms may pose diagnostic challenges, our experience suggests that HCC-CC may be suspected or even diagnosed by FNAB.
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PMID:Cytomorphology of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in fine needle aspirates of the liver. A report of two cases. 750 82

Fourteen patients with unrespectable HCC were treated with various interventional radiology (IVR) procedures. The initial therapeutic response was determined using computed tomography (CT) findings, and determinations of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by Vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) levels. When CT studies of the initial response to IVR were compared with changes in the serum AFP and PIVKA-II levels, the AFP level was found to correlate more closely than the PIVKA-II levels. The PIVKA-II level correlated more closely than the AFP level in cases with poor response to IVR. Both of these tumor markers should be measured in combination with the diagnostic imagings for follow-up studies of IVR.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following interventional radiology. 751 71

A total of 28 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas, including both fresh-smeared specimens and paraffin-embedded tissues, was stained with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody. In all cases we measured the DNA contents using microspectrophotometry. In 5 cases, analyses of the nuclear DNA histogram of both the AFP-positive and negative cells from the same specimen were successfully performed. The ratio of the S-G2.M phase of the AFP-positive cells was 2.24 times more than that of the AFP-negative cells. In addition, not only the ratio of S-G2.M phase cells, but also the incidence of aneuploidy pattern of AFP positive stained cases was higher than the negative stained cases. Histologically, the AFP-positive cases contained various differentiated tissues more than the negative cases. From these results, we confirmed that AFP production was related to the growth of HCC, and the results suggest that AFP producing HCC have a higher potential for growth than AFP non-producing HCC.
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PMID:[Microspectrophotometric analysis of nuclear DNA contents related to the presence of alpha-fetoprotein in human hepatocellular carcinoma]. 751 15

Thirteen cases of combined hepatocellular (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) were examined. In addition to routine pathology, immunoreactivities for carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cytokeratin (Cam 5.2 and AE1), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (B72.3) were also examined. The average age of the 13 cases was 64.8 years, which lay between the average ages of pure HCC and CCC cases. They were categorized as separate type (2), collision type (6), and intermingled type (5). AE1 and EMA were the best markers to differentiate the CCC from the HCC area. B72.3 immunoreactivity was detected only in CCC (46%). There were no transitional features between HCC and CCC in two cases of the separate type and two cases of the collision type. However, focal transitional features from HCC to CCC were observed in all cases of the intermingled type and in four of six cases of the collision type. In one case of the intermingled type, many cancer cells contained both bile and mucus simultaneously, and revealed dual immunoreactivities. The conclusions are: 1) the combined type is generated from two sources; one is the intrahepatic double cancer (thoroughly separate type and a part of the collision type) and another is the stem cell origin with diverse phenotypes (intermingled type and a part of the collision tumor); and 2) AE1 was the most helpful marker to differentiate the CCC area from HCC, and other markers, e.g. AFP for HCC and EMA, CEA, and B72.3 for CCC, were also supportive but somewhat limited in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical analysis of 13 cases with combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. 753 81

To determine the usefulness of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in determining recurrence of HCC after interventional angiography (IVA) and to define the relation between AFP and the imaging diagnosis of HCC recurrence, changes in AFP values in 160 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated by IVA > or = two times were classified into four patterns: A: the AFP value was decreased after the first IVA, increased at recurrence and decreased again after the second IVA; B: the AFP value was unchanged after the first IVA, but increased at recurrence and decreased after the second IVA; C: the AFP value was decreased after the first IVA, but was not increased at recurrence; D: the AFP value showed no change. The frequency of each AFP pattern and the diagnosis of recurrence by AFP were determined. The relation between tumor type and AFP was defined. Pattern A was the most frequently detected. In 62.6%, AFP was increased at recurrence (A and B), and there was a positive correlation between changes in the AFP value and the findings of imaging diagnosis. In another 37.5%, AFP was not increased at recurrence (C and D), and therefore, the diagnosis of HCC recurrence by imaging methods was very important.
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PMID:[Study on the evaluation of recurrence of HCC and the effect after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization--fluctuations in AFP values]. 768 91

Subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma (SCHCC) is defined as HCC without obvious HCC symptoms and signs. During 1958-1991, 391 patients with SCHCC were analyzed. In the entire series, 1) 67.3% was detected by natural population screening using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serosurvey, while the others were discovered by high-risk population screening or regular health checkup using AFP and/or ultrasonography (US); 2) AFP > 20 micrograms/L was found in 77.6% of patients; 3) serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 68.9%; 4) associated liver cirrhosis occurred in 89.1%; 5) the median tumor size was 5 cm, and small HCC (< or = 5 cm) amounted to 61.1%; 6) resection was done in 81.4%, and limited resection was performed in the majority (71.3%); 7) re-resection for subclinical recurrence was done in 44 patients; and 8) cytoreduction and sequential resection was carried out in 13 patients with unresectable SCHCC. Comparison between SCHCC and clinical HCC (n = 1,251) revealed higher resectability (81.4% vs. 46.8%), lower operative mortality (1.9% vs. 6.0%), and higher 5-year survival (entire series: 50.7% vs. 20.6%; resection: 60.5% vs. 36.8%). It is concluded that the study of SCHCC has resulted in marked improvement of ultimate outcome of HCC; screening in high-risk populations using AFP and/or US, limited resection, and re-resection for subclinical recurrence are some of the key features.
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PMID:Subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 391 patients. 768 16

We determined the plasma antigen levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI-2) in 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 28 patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis. No significant differences of u-PA and PAI-2 levels were calculated between the two groups of tumor patients (HCC) and liver cirrhosis without tumor (non-HCC). Within both study groups, no significant differences were found in u-PA and PAI-2 levels of the different Child categories. Discriminative functions of both u-PA and PAI-2 (total error count estimates of 43.1% and 43.6%, respectively), were low compared to that (29.0%) of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The combinations of AFP and u-PA lowered the total error rate (21.9%) more than that of each marker alone. However, whether plasma u-PA and PAI-2 may be considered as a risk factor further investigation was needed and our findings raise the question as to whether these markers could be considered as useful screening markers for earlier detection of HCC in liver cirrhosis because discriminant functions of u-PA and PAI-2 were not significant. Sensitivities and specificities of u-PA and PAI-2 were also not high enough, resulting in the ranges of total diagnostic efficiency from 43% to 50%, and, from 49% to 63%, respectively, at different cut-off values. No direct relationship was detected between AFP and u-PA, between AFP and PAI-2, and between u-PA and PAI-2.
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PMID:Diagnostic efficacy of plasma urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 in differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis. 857 13

We clinicopathologically studied 23 surgically resected cases of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC). The frequency of this cancer in our subjects, who had primary liver cancer and who underwent hepatectomy, was 6.3%. The mean age of patients was 64.0 years old and the male: female ratio was 1.9:1. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was positive in 70% of cases and its levels were relatively low (< or = 1000 ng/mL) in most cases. The positive rate of serum carcinoembryonic antigen was 18% and its levels were also low. In regard to hepatitis virus markers, 17% of the 20 combined HCC-CC cases were positive to HBs antigen and 70% were positive to the HCV antibody. Of the 23 combined HCC-CC cases, 9 cases (39%) were associated with liver cirrhosis. Tumours were classified macroscopically into a separated type (HCC and CC are clearly separated 17%), a HCC-predominant type (resembles HCC 49%), and a CC-predominant type (resembles CC 34%). The separated and HCC-predominant types were associated with liver cirrhosis in 50 and 55% of cases, respectively. These cases with liver cirrhosis presented the features of HCC more apparently, while those without liver cirrhosis presented the features of CC. Histologically, all cases were classified into either Type I (HCC and CC were clearly distinguished; 17%), Type II (HCC and CC were contiguous and shared transitional features; 66%), and Type III (cancer cells were able to be evaluated as either HCC or CC and were considered to be an intermediate type; 17%). Immunohistological stains for cytokeratin were useful to distinguish HCC and CC. Specifically, CC was positive to cytokeratin 7 and 19. The tumour, in which HCC and CC were almost indistinguishable, such as Type III), indicates the presence of intermediate tumour cells that can differentiate either to HCC or CC.
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PMID:A clinicopathological study on combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. 887 74


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