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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HBL and HCC are the most common hepatic malignancies in children. The role of OLT in children with HCC is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to review our experience of OLT for HCC. Medical records of patients (<18 yr) who underwent OLT for HCC were reviewed and compared to children who underwent OLT for HBL and for indications other than malignancy. There were 25 patients: HCC (10 cases) and HBL (15 cases). The actuarial patient survival for HCC at one and five yr was 100% and 83.3%, for the HBL group the survival was 86.7% at both one and five yr, and for indications (n=377) other than malignancy the patient survival for pediatric OLT at our center was 87.7% and 84.7% at one and five yr, respectively. The actuarial recurrence free survival at five yr was 83.3% for HCC and 66.8% for HBL. In conclusion, OLT is a good therapeutic modality for children with HCC and HBL.
Pediatr Transplant 2007 Sep
PMID:Outcomes of transplantation in children with primary hepatic malignancy. 1808 39

With the current practice of surveillance programs in high-risk patients, early stage hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is commonly diagnosed. This poses great challenge to clinicians, in terms of prognostic estimation, patient stratification to various treatment modalities and patient management during long-term follow-up. This review focuses on the current trends in the management of HCC, with special attention to tumor staging, treatment algorithm, and outcome of various treatment modalities. According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases AASLD practice guideline, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer BCLC staging system has fulfilled the criteria that HCC patients can be stratified into different prognostic subgroups, to which optimal treatments can be offered. Under this management scheme, curative treatments hepatic resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation would be reserved to the subgroup of patients with relatively good prognosis. For patients with advanced malignancy localized to the liver, local ablation or transarterial chemoembolization TACE may offer effective symptomatic palliation, and prolongation of patients' survival. For patients with distant metastases, no effective therapy can be offered, and symptomatic palliative care is the best option. Until now, favorable survival outcomes have been reported following hepatic resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation for HCC. Although the therapeutic effect of TACE is less pronounced than curative treatments, randomized controlled studies have proven its survival benefit for HCC patients. A comprehensive treatment algorithm involving these treatment modalities is mandatory to ensure optimal care of patients with HCC.
Saudi Med J 2007 Sep
PMID:Current treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. 1776 55

In order to develop a model of liver metastasis of human gastrointestinal cancer cells, we examined the potential of 10 human colon and stomach cancer cell lines (HT-29, WiDr, HCT-116, HCT-15, HCC-2998, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, MKN74 and St-4) to form liver metastases in nude mice. Among the cell lines, HCT-116 cells consistently formed gross liver metastases when injected into the spleens of nude mice. In contrast, other human colon and stomach cancer cells produced little or no liver metastasis. In order to analyze the high metastatic potential of HCT-116 cells, the adhesion potential was compared between HCT-116 cells and the other colon cancer cell lines. HCT-116 cells showed more efficient adhesion to fibronectin (FN) than other cells. Furthermore, FN enhanced haptotaxis of HCT-116 cells, but not of other colon cancer cells. The high adhesion potential to FN and enhanced haptotaxis may contribute, at least in part, to the high metastatic potential of HCT-116. To assess the value of this newly developed model of liver metastasis, we compared the ability of four anticancer drugs (fluorouracil, doxifluridine, paclitaxel and irinotecan) to inhibit the formation of liver metastases. Paclitaxel and irinotecan showed strong inhibition of liver metastasis but fluorouracil and doxifluridine showed only slight inhibition. Therefore, this model of metastasis may be useful for screening anti-liver metastatic reagents. These results indicate that the HCT-116 liver-metastasis model should be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanism of liver metastasis and for evaluating new anti-liver metastatic drugs.
Biol Pharm Bull 2007 Sep
PMID:Development and characterization of a model of liver metastasis using human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. 1782 39

1. The precursor lesions for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are believed to be high-grade dysplastic nodules. These lesions have atypical and proliferative features that distinguish them from normal or cirrhotic liver but are not sufficient for the diagnosis of carcinoma. 2. Individual HGDN are often heterogeneous and complete sampling may reveal regions of carcinoma within these otherwise benign lesions. 3. Invasion of stroma is considered a definitive feature of HCC. However, this feature is not always present in early HCC and is seldom found in needle biopsies. 4. Accurate diagnosis of dysplastic nodules and well-differentiated HCC requires skill and experience. However, accurate diagnosis with needle biopsies may be impossible if the highest grade of atypia is not sampled. Fine needle aspiration is not appropriate for small lesions that are expected to be early hepatic neoplasia. This technique should be reserved for suspected moderate- or poorly differentiated HCC.
Hepatol Res 2007 Sep
PMID:International consensus on histologic diagnosis of early hepatocellular neoplasia. 1787 75

Hepatocellular carcinoma can only be cured by physical removal or destruction of the tumor before it has spread. This can be accomplished by the ablation of the tumor, surgical resection of the tumor-bearing liver, or by liver transplantation. Ablation and resection can only be performed in patients who will be left with sufficient liver volume to sustain normal hepatic function. Unfortunately, the same disease that caused the HCC also limits the amount of parenchymal loss that can be tolerated by the patient. Liver transplantation is an appealing treatment option because it has the potential to cure patient of both the cancer and the predisposinig liver disease. Excellent survival rates are possible in patients with early HCC who receive a transplant, but dismal results are seen when patients with advanced tumors are transplanted.Wide criteria for transplant allow for more patients to be cured of HCC, but this comes at the expense of a greater overall recurrence rate. The acceptable recurrence rate is not a concrete number, but this is a function of donor organ availability. A 50% cure rate is viewed as an excellent outcome for many accepted cancer operations; however, in the case of transplant for HCC, this would represent a poor use of the scarce donor resource when the same liver offers a 70% 5-year survival rate to a non-HCC patient. These issues and methods retarding tumor progression while on the transplant waiting list are reviewed herein.
Hepatol Res 2007 Sep
PMID:Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. 1787 92

Following the seminal publication by the group from Milan, Italy using a restrictive set of criteria for orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to limit the risk for tumor recurrence, excellent 5-year patient survival of greater than 70% after liver transplantation has been reported from many centers using criteria similar to or slightly exceeding the Milan criteria (single lesion of </=5 cm, or 2-3 lesions of </=3 cm). The growing experience and success of orthotopic liver transplantation for HCC have also fueled controversies related to expansion of conventional criteria for cadaveric or living-donor liver transplantation based on tumor size and number. The limitations of imaging studies, exemplified by tumor under-staging in up to 25% of patients,have been a major concern for liberalizing the current criteria for liver transplantation. The University of California, San Francisco criteria (single lesion of </=6.5 cm, or 2-3 lesions of </=4.5 cm with a total tumor diameter </=8 cm) have been independently tested in several studies, and undergone prospective evaluation based on preoperative imaging. This article provides an in-depth review of published data on expansion of current criteria for liver transplantation.
Hepatol Res 2007 Sep
PMID:Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1787 93

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the 5th most common cancer in the world. Prognosis for this disease is poor since hepatocellular carcinoma is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the most common diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its diagnostic value is more and more questioned. Therefore, research has focussed on AFP related parameters (AFP mRNA and AFP glycoforms). The aim of this paper is to review the present knowledge on AFP and its related parameters in diagnosing and monitoring HCC. AFP related parameters can be arranged in two types: AFP mRNA and AFP glycoforms. AFP mRNA is a potentially prognostic marker and AFP mRNA assays are based on PCR techniques. The AFP glycoforms have diagnostic potential and assays are based on isoelectric focussing and lectin affinity electrophoretic methods. Up to now the diagnostic use of the AFP related parameters is limited. Although some of them are recommended as a complementary test, they cannot (yet) replace serum AFP as the golden standard of diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Clin Chim Acta 2008 Sep
PMID:Diagnosing and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma with alpha-fetoprotein: new aspects and applications. 1853 35

CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) involves the targeting of multiple genes by promoter hypermethylation. Telomerase plays an important role in the development of cellular immortality and oncogenesis. To gain insight into the role of epigenetic aberration of telomerase-related genes in hepatocarcinogenesis, we determined a hypermethylation profile in HCC. We examined the promoter methylation status of 9 genes associated with telomerase activity in 120 HCC, 120 cirrhosis tissues and 10 normal liver tissues by methylation-specific PCR. Assay of telomerase activity was by TRAP-ELISA. The frequency of promoter methylation of each gene was P21 63.3%, P15 42.5%, P16 62.5%, P53 14.2%, RB 32.5%, P27 48.3%, WTI 54.2%, E2F-1 70.8% and P300 65.8% of 120 HCC. Methylation status of P21, P15, P16, WTI and E2F-1 was significantly associated with HCC and nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). CIMP+ was detected in 61.7% (74/120) HCC and 15% (18/120) cirrhosis tissues, no CIMP+ was present in normal liver tissues (p < 0.001). A significant difference between CIMP status and metastasis was been found in HCC (p < 0.001). Results showed that 94.6% (70/74) HCC and 55.6% (10/18) cirrhosis patients with CIMP+ show expression of high telomerase activity than 45.5% (10/22) HCC and 6.25% (1/16) cirrhosis patients with CIMP- (p < 0.001). CIMP lead to high levels of expression of telomerase activity through the simultaneous inactivation of multiple genes associated with telomerase activity by concordant methylation.
Int J Cancer 2008 Sep 01
PMID:CpG island methylator phenotype association with upregulated telomerase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. 1854 60

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C has been found associated with severe liver damage, low response to interferon treatment and increased risk of developing HCC. However, doubts remain on its clinical impact and the sensitivity and specificity of its detection. HBV-DNA was sought by PCR in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver compartments of 89 patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C, using sets of primers for core ("c"), surface ("s"), and x ("x") regions of HBV genome. Occult HBV infection was defined by the presence of HBV-DNA in at least two different PCRs in at least one compartment. Occult HBV infection was detected in 37 (41.6%) of the 89 patients investigated. It was more frequent (80.8%) in 26 anti- HBs negative/anti-HBc positive patients than in 18 anti-HBs/anti-HBc positive (61.1%, P < 0.01) and 45 anti-HBs/anti-HBc negative (11.1%, P < 0.0001), and more frequently in liver (91.9%) than in PBMCs (62.2%) and plasma (32.4%). No association was found between occult HBV infection and the degree of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis. However, considering the 52 patients without occult HBV infection, 51.4% of 35 patients with genotype 1 and 5.9% of 17 with genotype non-1 showed severe fibrosis (P = 0.003); patients with occult HBV infection did not show such difference. Instead of seeking occult HBV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C, both anti-HBs negative/anti-HBc positive and anti-HBs positive/anti-HBc positive, in plasma alone, more reliable information can also be obtained from the liver tissue and PBMCs.
J Med Virol 2008 Sep
PMID:Diagnosis and clinical impact of occult hepatitis B infection in patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter study. 1864 38

Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression in both human and animal models have been linked to many forms of cancer. Such miRNAs, which act directly as repressors of gene expression, have been found to frequently reside in fragile sites and genomic regions associated with cancer. This study describes a miRNA signature for human primary hepatitis B virus-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, two known oncomiRs--miRNAs with known roles in cancer--the miR-17-92 polycistron and miR-21, exhibited increased expression in 100% of primary human and woodchuck hepatocellular carcinomas surveyed. To determine the importance of these miRNAs in tumorigenesis, an in vitro antisense oligonucleotide knockdown model was evaluated for its ability to reverse the malignant phenotype. Both in human and woodchuck HCC cell lines, separate treatments with antisense oligonucleotides specific for either the miR-17-92 polycistron (all six members) or miR-21 caused a 50% reduction in both hepatocyte proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. The combination of assays presented here supports a role for these miRNAs in the maintenance of the malignant transformation of hepatocytes.
Am J Pathol 2008 Sep
PMID:Elevated expression of the miR-17-92 polycistron and miR-21 in hepadnavirus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma contributes to the malignant phenotype. 1868 24


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