Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1864663 (HCC)
 2,985 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HCC specific transfer factor (S-TF) was extracted from lymphoid tissues of goats immunized with HCC cell suspension. The effect of the S-TF on IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression was observed in vitro. The results showed that IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression in HCC patients but not in normal subjects could be increased by the S-TF. The IL-2 activities and IL-2R expressions in both normal subjects and patients with HCC could not be increased by normal transfer factor (N-TF). This may be one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of S-TF. It suggests that S-TF may be better than N-TF in immunotherapy of human tumors.
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PMID:[Effect of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific transfer factor (HCC-S-TF) on IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression]. 820 Feb 81

To further define the hierarchy of human hematopoietic progenitor cells, we have attempted to identify antibodies to cell-surface molecules expressed on CD34+ progenitor cell subsets. Herein we describe the utility of a new monoclonal antibody, HCC-1, which binds to a novel epitope of CD59 differentially expressed among CD34+ progenitor cells. HCC-1 subdivides the adult marrow CD34+ population into HCC-1high and HCC-1low/- fractions of approximately equal size. Cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) in long-term bone marrow culture were enriched 10-30-fold in CD34+HCC-1high cells compared with CD34+HCC1-low/- cells and two-fold compared with CD34+ cells. When injected into fetal human bone fragments implanted in SCID mice, the CD34+HCC-1high population showed potent engrafting activity leading to the production of myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid elements, as well as the retention of progenitor cell phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the CD34+HCC-1high population contains primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. No hematopoietic engrafting activity was detected in the CD34+HCC-1low/- population. Consistent with this finding, simultaneous five-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that HCC-1high cells include virtually all CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells, a cell population previously characterized as highly enriched for primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. The ability of CD34+ cells divided into subsets by HCC-1 to produce T cells was assessed by transplantation of sorted cells into human fetal thymus implanted into SCID mice. A higher frequency of thymus-engrafting activity was observed in the CD34+HCC-1high than in the CD34+HCC-1low/- population. Consistent with the limited ability to engraft in the SCID-hu thymus model, the CD34+HCC-1low/- population was shown to contain a low frequency of CD34+CD10+ lymphoid progenitor cells. We conclude that the HCC-1 epitope is expressed at high levels on a subset of CD34+ cells that contain virtually all primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and that the population of CD59 molecules expressed on CD34+ cells is not homogeneous.
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PMID:High-level expression of a novel epitope of CD59 identifies a subset of CD34+ bone marrow cells highly enriched for pluripotent stem cells. 869 53

Exposure to an acute laboratory stressor at the time of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunization results in a long-term suppression in circulating anti-KLH antibody. The mechanism for the stress-induced reduction in anti-KLH immunoglobulin (Ig) remains unknown. Given that the generation of anti-KLH antibody requires T cell help, we hypothesize that stress reduces the proliferation of anti-KLH T cells, thus leading to a reduction in anti-KLH antibody. The present studies examined the effect of tail shock stress (100, 1.6 mA, 5-s, 60 s ITI) on the KLH specific T cell response. Fischer F344 rats were immunized either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) at the base of the tail with 200 microg KLH, and exposed to inescapable tail shock (IS) or remained in their home cages (HCC). T cell proliferation after KLH restimulation, but not ConA, was markedly suppressed in IS animals in both the spleen after i.p. immunization and the draining lymph nodes after s.c. immunization. Other secondary lymphoid cells did not differ in their proliferative capacity. Anti-KLH IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, but not anti-KLH IgM serum levels were significantly suppressed. These data support the conclusion that stress suppresses the generation of antigen specific T cells. In addition, the methods employed in the current study allow the isolation of the site of the acquired T cell immune response, making it possible to further elucidate the cellular mechanisms that contribute to stress-induced modulation of the antigen-specific acquired immune response.
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PMID:Stressor exposure produces long-term reductions in antigen-specific T and B cell responses. 1466 58

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates various aspects of development and plays important role in human carcinogenesis. Nemo-like kinase (NLK), which is mediator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, phosphorylates T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) factor and inhibits interaction of beta-catenin/TCF complex. Although, NLK is known to be a tumor suppressor in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway of colon cancer, the other events occurring downstream of NLK pathways in other types of cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we identified that expression of NLK was significantly up-regulated in the HCCs compared to corresponding normal tissues in five selected tissue samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significant over-expression of NLK in the HCCs. Targeted-disruption of NLK suppressed cell growth and arrested cell cycle transition. Suppression of NLK elicited anti-mitogenic properties of the Hep3B cells by simultaneous inhibition of cyclinD1 and CDK2. The results of this study suggest that NLK is aberrantly regulated in HCC, which might contribute to the mitogenic potential of tumor cells during the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma; this process appears to involve the induction of CDK2 and cyclin D1 and might provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in patients with liver cancer.
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PMID:Targeted disruption of Nemo-like kinase inhibits tumor cell growth by simultaneous suppression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. 2051 28

In this review we focus on lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinomas (LEL-HCC) and lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinomas (LEL-ICC). Despite their rarity, these tumors are of general interest because of their epidemiological and clinical features, and because they represent a distinct model of interaction between the immune system and neoplastic cells. Approximately half of LEL-HCC arise in the context of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and have been described both in Eastern and Western patients. By contrast, LEL-ICC is associated in almost all cases with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and exhibits the same epidemiological features of EBV related malignancies. Compared with classical hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of corresponding stage, both LEL-HCC and LEL-ICC are characterized by lower rates of recurrence after surgery and better overall survival. How this behavior is related to distinct genetic alterations and tumor microenvironment is unclear. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lymphoid infiltrations seem to be different among the two groups of tumors. In fact, LEL-HCC frequently arises in the context of inflammatory changes driven by HCV infection, and has been recognized as a variant of classical hepatocellular carcinoma. At variance, lymphocyte recruitment of LEL-ICC is similar to that described in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric LEL, and possibly depends on the expression pattern of latent EBV infection.
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PMID:Lessons from rare tumors: hepatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. 2583 11

Lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma (LEL-HCC) is a rare form of undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver characterized by the presence of an abundant lymphoid infiltrate. Here, a case of LEL-HCC is described. An 81-year-old woman with a chronic hepatitis C infection was referred to the general surgery department of our hospital in August 2013 with a diagnosis of HCC. A past ultrasound examination had revealed a 60 mm-diameter nodular lesion in the third segment of the liver. After a needle biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed as HCC. The patient underwent surgery with a liver segmentectomy. Two additional nodes on the gastric wall were detected during the surgical operation. The histology of the removed specimen showed a poorly differentiated HCC with significant lymphoid stroma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the epithelial component was reactive for CK CAM5.2, CK8, CK18, CEA (polyclonal) and was focally positive for hepar-1 and that the lymphoid infiltrate was positive for CD3, CD4 and CD8. The tumor cells were negative for Epstein-Barr virus. The gastric nodes were ultimately determined to be two small gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The synchronous occurrence of HCC and GIST is another very uncommon finding rarely described in the literature. Here, we report the clinicopathological features of our case, along with a review of the few cases present in the literature.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma: Case report and review of the literature. 2642 Sep 74

Although indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP) in the extrathymic location have been shown to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity, carcinoma composed iT-LBP are rare. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 7 hepatic carcinoma cases with iT-LBP. There were 5 male and 2 female patients, aged from 37-54 (mean 47) years. All patients had a clinical history of chronic hepatitis B viral infection with high serum AFP level. Microscopically, these carcinomas were characterized by admixed with increased amounts of fibrous and small lymphocytes composed of regressive germinal centers. Immunohistochemically, in lymphoid tissues, some TDT+ cells were highlighted in the CD3+ area. These lymphoblasts localized predominantly between the cords of the carcinoma and interfollicular regions, diffused or only focal presented more than 50 TdT+ lymphoblasts/HPF. No EBV infection cells and T-cell antigen clonal rearrangement was detected. 3/4 cirrhotic patients developed HCC recurrence, while the 4-y survival rate was 100% in non-cirrhosis patients. It-LBP is a rare unusual proliferation and easily be misdiagnosed in HC patients. It does not seem to be associated with a specific HCC type. If HC companied with numerous small lymphocytes infiltration and showed high Ki67 index, a primary HC with iT-LBP should be considered in the lists of diagnosis.
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PMID:Hepatic carcinoma with indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP). 3225 31

Hepatic reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (HRLH) is a rare entity. The radiological diagnosis is complex since it shares characteristics with malignant liver lesions, mainly hepatocarcinoma. However, the clinical course and its management are radically different. HRLH should be included in the differential diagnosis of HCC. CEUS and biopsy are useful tools for diagnosis, although, usually only surgical resection will achieve definitive diagnostic confirmation. We report a case of a patient treated at our center.
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PMID:HEPATIC REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA: DIFFICULT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS WITH HEPATOCARCINOMA. 3325 24