Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1862200 (RHE)
 1,093 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Catalytic activity of the Pt(111)/Os surface toward methanol electrooxidation was optimized by exploring a wide range of Os coverage. Various methods of surface analyses were used, including electroanalytical, STM, and XPS methods. The Pt(111) surface was decorated with nanosized Os islands by spontaneous deposition, and the Os coverage was controlled by changing the exposure time to the Os-containing electrolyte. The structure of Os deposits on Pt(111) was characterized and quantified by in situ STM and stripping voltammetry. We found that the optimal Os surface coverage of Pt(111) for methanol electrooxidation was 0.7 +/- 0.1 ML, close to 1.0 +/- 0.1 Os packing density. Apparently, the high osmium coverage Pt(111)/Os surface provides more of the necessary oxygen-containing species (e.g., Os-OH) for effective methanol electrooxidation than the Pt(111)/Os surfaces with lower Os coverage (vs e.g., Ru-OH). Supporting evidence for this conjecture comes from the CO electrooxidation data, which show that the onset potential for CO stripping is lowered from 0.53 to 0.45 V when the Os coverage is increased from 0.2 to 0.7 ML. However, the activity of Pt(111)/Os for methanol electrooxidation decreases when the Os coverage is higher than 0.7 +/- 0.1 ML, indicating that Pt sites uncovered by Os are necessary for sustaining significant methanol oxidation rates. Furthermore, osmium is inactive for methanol electrooxidation when the platinum substrate is absent: Os deposits on Au(111), a bulk Os ingot, and thick films of electrodeposited Os on Pt(111), all compare poorly to Pt(111)/Os. We conclude that a bifunctional mechanism applies to the methanol electrooxidation similarly to Pt(111)/Ru, although with fewer available Pt sites. Finally, the potential window for methanol electrooxidation on Pt(111)/Os was observed to shift positively versus Pt(111)/Ru. Because of the difference in the Os and Ru oxophilicity under electrochemical conditions, the Os deposit provides fewer oxygen-containing species, at least below 0.5 V vs RHE. Both higher coverage of Os than Ru and the higher potentials are required to provide a sufficient number of active oxygen-containing species for the effective removal of the site-blocking CO from the catalyst surface when the methanol electrooxidation process occurs.
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PMID:Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition. 1695 67

This study assessed the effect of training programme on teachers' knowledge of and attitude towards reproductive health education /sexuality education [RHE/SE] in five randomly selected rural schools in Ife-North local government area [IFLGA], Southwest, Nigeria. All the 84 teachers in the selected schools in the LGA were recruited for the study. They [84 teachers] were all given training in RHE/SE for one month. Their knowledge and attitude towards RHE/SE were assessed pre-and post-training programme. The results show a significant increase in percentage of those who had good knowledge in general areas of RHE/SE at post-training assessment compared with pre-training assessment[from 14.3% to 53.6%, p=0.0001].Also, pre-post attitudinal disposition assessments show that there was an increase in percentage of those who were favourably disposed to the teaching of RHE/SE in Nigeria Schools at post-training assessment [from 17.9% to 45.2%, p=0.0011]. The study suggests that RHE/SE should be included and made compulsory in all training programme for all teachers in Nigeria.
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PMID:Effect of training programme on secondary schools teachers' knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health education in rural schools Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 1751 36

Surface structure of a stepped surface of Pt, Pt(311) (=2(100)-(111)), has been determined under potential control in 0.1 M HClO4 with the use of in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS). The crystal truncation rods (CTRs) are reproduced well with the (1x2) missing-row model. Relaxation of surface layers, which is observed on the low-index planes of Pt, is not found on Pt(311) in the "adsorbed hydrogen region". CTRs at 0.10 (RHE) have the same feature as those at 0.50 V, showing that the surface layers of Pt(311) have no potential dependence. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) also supports the (1x2) structure of Pt(311) in 0.1 M HClO4.
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PMID:In situ surface X-ray scattering of stepped surface of platinum: Pt(311). 1790 17

Alloimmunization is a common phenomenon after transfusion, with an estimated incidence of 0.5% increasing to 20-60% in chronically transfused patients. In recently transfused patients, serological typing can be hampered by mixed field agglutination. We established RT-PCR methods for RHD, RHC/c and RHE/e typing using mRNA from reticulocytes. Molecular typing was performed soon after 51 separate mismatched transfusion events involving 30 patients. Accurate identification of the transfused patients' phenotype was confirmed in all cases. Reticulocyte maturation studies revealed that temperature is a crucial parameter for transition into mature red blood cells.
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PMID:Accurate Rh phenotype determination by reticulocyte mRNA typing shortly after multiple transfusions. 1832 28

To investigate the RHD gene profiles of RhD-negative individuals in population of Fujian Province, it was to design fourteen pairs of specific primers to amplify RHD exon 1, 3 approximately 7, 9, 10, hybrid Rh box, RHD 1227A allele, RHC allele, RHc allele, RHE allele and RHe allele. Rh genotypes were detected by PCR-SSP in 104 RhD-negative donors, some samples with or without RHD genes were analysed by the absorption-elution test, and two RhD-negative samples with eight RHD exons detected were analysed by DNA sequencing. The results showed that 61.54% RhD-negative individuals lacked all the eight RHD exons detected (RHD-/RHD-), 25.97% carried the RHD 1227A allele (62.96% of which were the heterozygote of RHD+/RHD-, and 37.04% were the homozygote of RHD+/RHD+), 8.65% carried the RHD-CE (2 approximately 9)-D allele (RHD+/RHD-), and 1.92% carried the RHD 710delC allele (RHD+/RHD-). Though the most cases of RHD gene deletion were found in dce haplotype, six cases of RHD gene deletion were found in dCe (their RH genotypes were dce/dCe) and two in dcE haplotype (their RH genotypes were dce/dcE). And it was not accurate to predict the Rh phenotype by detecting a single RHD exon, however, and more accurate when eight RHD exons and RHD 1227A allele were detected (chi2=24.43, p<0.005). It is concluded that RHD genes in population of Fujian Province are polymorphic and the RHD genotyping is not reliable enough to replace the RhD serotyping in China.
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PMID:[RHD gene polymorphism of RhD negative individuals in population of Fujian province]. 1842 81

The steroid 5alpha-reductase isoenzymes (5alphaR) transform testosterone into 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one (5-dihydrotestosterone, DHT), which exerts a much stronger biological activity than does testosterone. Briefly, the two 5alphaR isoenzymes are differentially expressed in the two major target organs of steroid action, the prostate (isoenzyme 2, 5alphaR2) and the skin (isoenzyme 1, 5alphaR1). We analysed the potential of a human epidermal tissue reconstituted by cell culture (RHE, provided by SkinEthic Laboratories, Nice, France) as a model for assessing 5alphaR activity. The epidermal model was found to express the type-1 (skin) isoform of 5alphaR and thus could be used as an enzyme source for the screening of 5alphaR modulators for dermatological/cosmetic purposes. A reproducible and convenient assay method was developed, allowing both the evaluation of testosterone transformation into DHT (5alphaR activity) and an outlook on the general metabolism process of testosterone. This could be important for the detection of any compound that could act mainly on another target enzyme than 5alphaR. The assay gave evidence of the inhibitory activity of finasteride against type-1 5alphaR, which is now established both in vitro and in clinical studies. In addition to enzyme inhibitors, this in situ cellular assay can detect transcriptional modulators of 5alphaR gene expression, or any compound that could modulate enzyme processing or post-translational activation. RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from RHE failed to show any notable effect of finasteride, testosterone, or DHT treatment on the expression of 5alphaR1 at the transcriptional level.
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PMID:Expression of type 1 5alpha-reductase and metabolism of testosterone in reconstructed human epidermis (SkinEthic(R)): a new model for screening skin-targeted androgen modulators. 1850 27

Electrochemical measurements were performed to characterize the kinetics of adsorbed CO oxidation on the surface of the stepped Pt(s)-[4(111)x(100)][triple bond, length half m-dash]Pt(335) single crystal electrode. For CO adsorbed to full coverage at 0.1 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) in 0.5 M H(2)SO(4) at ambient temperature (23 degrees C), oxidation of the layer gave 7.6 x 10(14) +/- 0.3 CO/cm(2) as the saturation CO coverage, just below the average value reported for CO on Pt(335) in ultra high vacuum (8.3 x 10(14) +/- 0.6 CO/cm(2)). In potential step measurements carried out between 0.75 and 0.9 V, the peak region in the current-time transient was consistent with the surface reaction between adsorbed CO and adsorbed oxide as rate limiting. Plotting the log of the rate constant for the surface reaction versus potential gave a Tafel slope of 79 mV per decade, consistent with responses for CO electrochemical oxidation on structurally related stepped Pt electrodes. For CO coverages below saturation, current-time transients were more stable in 0.05 M H(2)SO(4) than in the higher concentration electrolyte. Numerically solving the rate equations to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model of adsorbed CO electrochemical oxidation reproduced the main features in current-time transients measured at 0.7 V in 0.05 M H(2)SO(4) for sub-saturation CO coverages. The results provide new insights into CO oxidation on Pt at sub-saturation coverage and confirm that anions play a role in CO surface chemistry.
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PMID:Kinetic studies of adsorbed CO electrochemical oxidation on Pt(335) at full and sub-saturation coverages. 1856 26

The electrochemical oxidation of a CO adlayer on Pt[n(111)x(111)] electrodes, with n = 30, 10, and 5, Pt(111), Pt(110) as well as a Pt(553) electrode (with steps of (100) orientation) in alkaline solution (0.1 M NaOH) has been studied using stripping voltammetry. On these electrodes, it is possible to distinguish CO oxidation at four different active oxidation sites on the surface, i.e. sites with (111), (110) and (100) orientation, and kink sites. The least active site for CO oxidation is the (111) terrace site. Steps sites are more active than the (111) terrace sites, the (110) site oxidizing CO at lower potential than the (100) site. The CO oxidation feature with the lowest overpotential (oxidation potential as low as 0.35 V vs. RHE) was ascribed to oxidation of CO at kink sites. The amount of CO oxidized at the active step or kink sites vs. the amount of CO oxidized at the (111) terrace sites depends on the concentration of the active sites and the time given for the terrace-bound CO to reach the active site. By performing CO stripping on the stepped surfaces at different scan rates, the role of CO surface diffusion is probed. The possible role of electronic effects in explaining the unusual activity and dynamics of CO adlayer oxidation in alkaline solution is discussed.
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PMID:Stripping voltammetry of carbon monoxide oxidation on stepped platinum single-crystal electrodes in alkaline solution. 1856 41

Immunohistochemistry (IE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are tools enabling to find small number of tumor cells in lymph nodes (LNs) or peripheral blood. Perhaps these methods will allow early detection of cell dissemination and refine risk group within papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) that might benefit from more extensive surgical procedures or adjuvant therapy. In our study we detected PTC cells in the cervical LNs by routine histopathological examination RHE), IE and RT-PCR and compared obtained results. We also estimated the impact of RT-PCR and IE results on TNM staging and clinical staging according to UICC in patients with PTC. Each of 216 LNs from 28 patients with PTC were divided into two parts: one for RHE and IE the other one for Tg mRNA RT-PCR. Nodal metastases of PTC, in the regional LNs, were found by RT-PCR only in 1(3.6%) patient more than in RHE. In other 4(14.3%) patients molecular examination increased number of involved LNs. In the other patient it revealed less metastasized LNs. The molecular examination changed nodal status in 5(17.9%) of 28 patients. TNM staging was altered from N0 to N1 in one patient. In the others was changed only the number of involved LNs Our research prooved that Tg mRNA RT-PCR technique was sensitive method for detection of nodal metastases of PTC. The outcomes of RT-PCR are similar to RHE so that examination really does not change the estimation of the disease staging according to UICC classification and main surgical therapy in PTC patients.
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PMID:Nodal status in the papillary thyroid vancer. Comparison of the results of routine histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. 1899 80

Carbon-supported Se/Ru(Se) catalysts of a broad range of composition were synthesized via a reduction procedure in which a mixture of RuCl3, SeO2 and Black Pearl carbon was treated with NaBH4 in basic media at room temperature. Physical characterization of the catalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effect of NaOH addition during the reduction by NaBH4 and the impact of a post-reduction thermal treatment at 500 degrees C were interrogated. The activity of the catalyst towards the oxygen reduction reaction was studied by the use of a rotating disk electrode. It was found that the half-wave potential for the oxygen reduction reaction was about 0.78 V vs. RHE. The Se-to-Ru ratio and metal loading on carbon were optimized for the oxygen reduction reaction and the optimized catalyst was tested at the cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The stability of the Se/Ru(Se) catalyst was evaluated by electrochemical cycling and by leaching the catalyst in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 80 degrees C.
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PMID:Aqueous-based synthesis of ruthenium-selenium catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. 1921 22


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