Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1862200 (RHE)
 1,093 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five hundred children below the age of 12 years suffering from lung tuberculosis viz., primary complex (PC) or progressive primary complex (PPC) were studied. Diagnosis was based on Kenneth Jones criteria; selected cases having score of 5 or more. One hundred and eighty cases of PC were given A-1 (6 RH) regimen, while 312 cases of PPC were given A-2 (2SHRZ/4 RH) or A-3 (2 SRH/4 RH) or A-4 (2 RHE/4 RH) regimen. Follow-up was done for 6 months after completing the treatment to observe the relapse rate. In cases of PC, 6 RH regimen appeared adequate and cheaper with no relapse rate. In cases of PPC with short course chemotherapy, compliance of patients had been very good. Relapse rate was up to 13% which is acceptable. Drug toxicity was very low.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis in Ahmedabad: epidemiology, diagnosis and short course chemotherapy. 145 61

This report describes the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of rat heart endothelial cells (RHE-1A). When RHE-1A cells were grown in monolayer culture with medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (0.1-100 ng/ml), growth was stimulated fivefold when compared to that of cells grown in medium containing 10% FBS alone. The stimulatory effect of EGF on RHE-1A cell monolayer growth was dose-dependent and half-maximal at 5 ng/ml. The addition of TGF-beta 1 in the range 0.1-10 ng/ml had no effect on RHE-1A cell monolayer growth when added to medium containing 10% FBS alone or 10% FBS supplemented with EGF (50 ng/ml). RHE-1A cells failed to grow under anchorage-independent conditions in 0.3% agar medium containing 10% FBS. In the presence of EGF, however, colony formation increased dramatically. The stimulatory effect of EGF was dose-dependent in the range 0.1-100 ng/ml and was half-maximal at 5 ng/ml. In contrast to its effects under anchorage-dependent conditions, TGF-beta 1 (0.1-10 ng/ml) antagonized the stimulatory effects of EGF on RHE-1A cell anchorage-independent growth. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 was dose-dependent and half-maximal at 0.1 ng/ml. EGF-induced RHE-1A soft agar colonies were isolated and reinitiated in monolayer culture. They retained the cobblestone morphology and contact-inhibition characteristic of normal vascular endothelial cells. Each of the clones continued to express Factor VIII antigen. These findings suggest that TGF-beta may influence not only endothelial cell proliferation but also anchorage dependence. These effects may in turn be of relevance to endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 on rat heart endothelial cell anchorage-dependent and -independent growth. 229 31

This report describes the initiation, cloning and establishment of long-term serial cultures of rat heart-derived vascular endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Populations of these cells derived from both the macro-and microcirculation were obtained utilizing isolated heart perfusion technique. Elimination of potential mesothelial cell contamination was achieved by ethanol fixation of the pericardial surface prior to perfusion. Initial outgrowths from perfusate yielded both endothelial (rapid adhering) and smooth muscle (slow adhering) appearing cell populations. Subsequent pooling of individual EC colonies resulted in maintaining, with gradual subcultivation, a stable homogeneous population which was designated RHE-parent. Upon continual subculture late passage (greater than P10) RHE-parent cell cultures expressed a marked heterogeneity in endothelial phenotypes. Cloning experiments resulted in establishing two distinct EC populations designated RHE-clone 1A and RHE-clone 2A. All RHE cell cultures exhibited the typical cobblestone growth pattern and positive immunofluorescent staining for factor VIII related antigen. In contrast, rat heart-derived smooth muscle cell (RH-SMC) cultures displayed the typical multilayered 'hill and valley' pattern and positive fluorescence for SMC-specific actin and myosin antibodies. Additional EC preparations, obtained without prior fixation of the pericardial surface, revealed cell clusters which stained positive for cytokeratin. On the other hand, RHE parent and cloned populations stained exclusively for vimentin, further confirming the absence of mesothelial cell contamination in these cultures. Cell growth studies on early (less than P10) and late (greater than P10) passage RHE-parent population revealed markedly different cell growth responses and cell morphology. Both EC cloned populations and more notably RHE-parent (less than P10) cultures were capable of significant growth when maintained in limiting serum concentration. Growth studies using serum-free RHE-parent conditioned medium demonstrated mitogenic activity when tested on RHE-parent cultures indicating the presence of an endothelial cell-derived growth factor. These studies indicate that long-term RHE and RH-SMC derived cell cultures can serve as a useful model to study the biology of vascular cells derived from different sites. In addition the demonstration of mitogenic activity in these cultures will enable us to explore further the nature of this response and compare this phenomenon with growth factors identified in large vessel cell systems.
 ...
PMID:Rat heart-derived endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures: isolation, cloning and characterization. 307 Aug 30

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of two 6-month daily regimens of isoniazid and rifampin in combination with either pyrazinamide or ethambutol (RHZ and RHE regimens) against a standard daily regimen of streptomycin, isoniazid, and ethambutol (SHE regimen) given for 6 months followed by isoniazid and ethambutol for an additional 6 months. Only previously treated sputum positive patients suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis were entered into the study. Three hundred and fifty-eight patients were admitted to the study and 267 (75%) completed chemotherapy. Eighty-five percent of RHZ-regimen and 82% of RHE-regimen patients achieved sputum culture negativity compared to 55% of patients in SHE regimen. Successfully treated patients were followed up for 18 months, and among these, all 3 treatment regimens showed broadly similar levels of culture negativity at the end of the follow-up period. Final therapeutic outcome was based on sputum culture results obtained throughout the follow-up period, and no statistically significant difference in relapse rate was noticed in the 3 regimens. Severe drug intolerance necessitated discontinuation of therapy in only 2 patients.
 ...
PMID:Clinical trial of two short-course (6-month) regimens and a standard regimen (12-month) chemotherapy in retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan. Results 18 months after completion of treatment (Lahore Tuberculosis Study). 353 94

Antigen-combining site arises by noncovalent association of the variable domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) with that of the light chain (VL). To analyze the invariant features of the binding region (VL-VH domain interface), we compared the known immunoglobulin three-dimensional structures by a variety of methods. The interface forms a close-packed, twisted, prism-shaped "beta-barrel" characterized by cross-sectional dimensions 1.04 X 0.66 nm and a top-to-bottom twist angle of 212 degrees. The geometry of the interface is preserved via invariance of some 15 side chains, both inside the domains and on their surface. Buried polar residues form a conserved hydrogen-bonding network that has a similar topological connectivity in the two domain types; two hydrogen bonds contributed by invariant side chains extend across the interface and anchor the beta-sheets in their relative orientation. Invariant aromatic residues close-pack at the bottom of the binding-site beta-barrel with their ring planes oriented perpendicularly in the characteristic "herringbone" packing mode. Electrostatic computations that implicitly include solvent effects show the domains to be stabilized by large electrostatic forces. However, structures that were crystallized at lower pH have their electrostatic energies appropriately lowered, implying that full ionization of carboxyl side chains is essential for efficient electrostatic stabilization. The unusual mode of domain-domain association in the VL-VL dimer RHE correlates with its overall repulsive electrostatic energy (+54 kJ/mol), as opposed to negative (i.e., stabilizing) energy values (-263 to -543 kJ/mol) found in the domains of the other structures. The VL-VL dimer REI mimics closely the interface geometry of VL-VH dimers although its domain-domain contact area is lower by 18%.
 ...
PMID:Structural invariants of antigen binding: comparison of immunoglobulin VL-VH and VL-VL domain dimers. 392 86

The relationship of airway cooling during exercise to changes in airway caliber, plasma histamine levels, and circulating basophils was investigated in eight allergic asthmatic and eight normal subjects. In asthma matched RHE during exercise and ICH produced almost identical bronchoconstriction with maximum falls in SGaw of 61.0 +/- 4.5% and 57.9 +/- 5.2%, respectively. A similar RHE in normal subjects was associated with a 7.9 +/- 3.3% fall in SGaw. The resting plasma-histamine levels were higher in the asthmatic (0.52 +/- 0.06 ng/ml) than in the normal (0.31 +/- 0.07 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) subjects. No significant change in plasma histamine occurred after exercise in either group nor in the asthmatic subjects with ICH. In contrast, exercise but not ICH stimulated an increase in leukocytes, basophils, and total blood histamine in parallel with the airway response that reached a maximum at 2 to 5 min in both normal and asthmatic subjects. There was a positive correlation between basal plasma and total blood-histamine levels (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01) in normal and asthmatic subjects suggesting that basophils contribute significantly to plasma histamine. The spontaneous basophil release of histamine was greater in asthmatic (13.4 +/- 2%) than in normal subjects (6.46 +/- 7%, p less than 0.005), which is consistent with the higher resting plasma-histamine levels in the asthmatic subjects. These findings suggest that plasma-histamine changes with exercise in asthma but not ICH may be related to the associated basophilia and sample handling rather than intrapulmonary mast cell degranulation.
 ...
PMID:Exercise and isocapnic hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma: relevance of circulating basophils to measurements of plasma histamine. 619 98

We compared bronchial responsiveness to isocapnic hyperventilation of cold dry air at -18 degrees C and 0% humidity with bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in 24 subjects with current or previous asthma and 2 nonasthmatics. Two inhalation tests with each agent were carried out in random order on 4 consecutive days. The response to cold air was expressed as the respiratory heat exchange required to reduce the FEV1 by 10% (PD10 RHE) and the response to methacholine as the provocation concentration required to reduce the FEV1 by 20% (PC20 methacholine). There was a close positive linear correlation between PD10 RHE and PC20 (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). The responsiveness to each agent was highly reproducible. The PD10 RHE could be measured in all 21 subjects with current symptoms of asthma and it could be obtained by extrapolation in 2 normal subjects, but it could not be measured in 3 subjects with a past history of asthma. The PC20 in the current asthmatics was 6.3 mg/ml or less, in the 2 nonasthmatic subjects, it was 14 and 16 mg/ml, and in the previous asthmatics it was between 26 and 54 mg/ml. The results indicate that nonspecific bronchial responsiveness is an important factor influencing the bronchial response to cold air, that either cold air or methacholine are suitable stimuli to measure nonspecific bronchial responsiveness, and that the differences in bronchial responsiveness observed between asthmatics and nonasthmatic subjects are in keeping with a quantitative rather than a qualitative difference in responsiveness.
 ...
PMID:Asthma induced by cold air and its relation to nonspecific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. 703 37

A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was developed for detection of Type D simian retrovirus (SRV) serogroup 2 proviral DNA using peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from infected macaques. PCR primer pairs were developed against serogroup 2 envelope (env) gene sequence, and fidelity of PCR fragment amplification was determined using molecularly cloned SRV serogroup 2 (D2/RHE/OR) DNA, and genomic DNA from Raji cells independently infected with different SRV serogroups. One primer pair exhibiting high fidelity was then utilized for PCR detection of serogroup 2 proviral DNA from PBLs, and from cells sorted into immune cell subpopulations by fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). Env PCR fragments were readily detected from as few as 10(4) PBLs or immune cell subpopulations. In addition, highly specific PCR primers against serogroups 1 and 3 were utilized to detect proviral DNA from Raji cells infected with SRV serogroups. In all cases, primers designed to amplify serogroups 1, 2, and 3 proviral DNA were specific for their intended serogroup. This primer information and development of a PCR approach for detection of specific SRV proviral DNA will be of potential utility as a rapid surveillance tool in monitoring type D simian retrovirus infection within Asian macaque colonies.
 ...
PMID:Polymerase chain reaction detection of type D simian retrovirus proviral DNA from infected macaques. 771 61

Fibronectin (FN) plays an important role in endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. Within FN, a number of functional domains have been identified, including the 33/66-kD carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding fragments, which support the adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. A number of synthetic peptides representing amino acid sequences within the 33/66-kD fragments have been shown to promote the adhesion, spreading, and migration of a variety of cell types. Our working hypothesis is that one or more of these sequences may also mediate vascular endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, and migration to the 33/66-kD fragments. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated that endothelial cells from various sources adhered in a concentration-dependent manner to surfaces coated with FN, the 33/66-kD fragments, and synthetic peptides derived from the 33/66-kD fragments of FN. FN and the 33/66-kD fragments also promoted endothelial cell spreading and migration. Although each of the six synthetic peptides tested supported endothelial cell adhesion, only one of these peptides within the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding domain (FN-C/H-V) promoted endothelial cell spreading and migration. Cell spreading on FN-C/H-V, as well as on FN and the 33/66-kD fragments, was associated with the formation of a well-developed actin cytoskeleton and the formation of focal contacts. FN-C/H-V (but not scrambled FN-C/H-V) inhibited cell spreading on FN and the 33/66-kD fragments in a concentration-dependent manner. FN-C/H-V had a modest effect on the adhesion of a clonal population of rat heart endothelial cells (RHE-1A) to the 33/66-kD fragments of FN and no effect on RHE-1A cell adhesion to FN. These findings suggest that peptide FN-C/H-V is unique among this group of peptides derived from the 33/66-kD heparin-binding fragments of FN in its ability to promote the adhesion, spreading, and migration of vascular endothelial cells and further suggest that the sequence defined by this peptide plays an important role in vascular endothelial cell interactions with the 33/66-kD fragments of FN.
 ...
PMID:Endothelial cell interactions with synthetic peptides from the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding domains of fibronectin. 778 81

After anti-RhD, anti-Rhc is the most important red cell alloantibody which can cause haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) when the mother is Rhc-negative and the fetus Rhc-positive. We report here the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays which detect the presence of the Rhc alleles in amniotic cells by the use of allele-specific primers (ASP). It is expected that such determination will help in the management of pregnancies at risk of Rhc haemolytic disease. In the course of this study we have similarly performed PCR-ASP experiments to detect fetal RHE alleles since, in rare cases, anti-RhE can also cause HDN.
 ...
PMID:PCR-based determination of Rhc and RhE status of fetuses at risk of Rhc and RhE haemolytic disease. 780 43


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>