Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1851100 (MIP)
 5,054 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation examined the extent to which the activity of a prostaglandin (PG) in the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area (AH/POA) of the rat plays a role in the intense fever induced by macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) applied directly to this anatomical region. For the microinjection of both a PG synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, and MIP-1 into sites within the AH/POA, guide cannulae were implanted chronically just above this pyrogen-reactive region. Postoperatively, the body temperature (Tb) of each rat was monitored in the unrestrained condition by means of a colonic thermistor probe. MIP-1 microinjected into the AH/POA in a 0.5-microliter volume evoked a biphasic fever when given in a dose of 5.6 picograms (pg) and a monophasic fever in a dose of 28 pg. The latency of the febrile response was ordinarily 15 min with an asymptote of 1.5 degrees C reached ordinarily within 2.0-2.5 h. When the cytokine-reactive site in the AH/POA was pretreated with indomethacin microinjected in an efficacious dose of 0.5 microgram, the MIP-1 fever evoked by 5.6 pg was not inhibited. Further, pretreatment of AH/POA sites with indomethacin prior to the higher 28-pg dose of MIP-1 delayed the febrile response but did not block it. As a systemic control, indomethacin also was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 5.0 mg/kg, again 15 min prior to the microinjection of MIP-1 into the AH/POA. In this case, indomethacin only partially attenuated but did not block the fever evoked by either dose of MIP-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypothalamic indomethacin fails to block fever induced in rats by central macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1). 194 95

Mitogenic stimulation of resting T cells results in the de novo transcription of a large number of genes including those encoding regulatory molecules such as lymphokines. The genomic organization of two newly described induced lymphokine genes, 464.1 and 744.1, has been determined. 464.1 and 744.1 appear to be the human homologues of the recently cloned murine macrophage inflammatory proteins, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta, respectively. The 464.1 and 744.1 genes share 55% amino acid homology and demonstrate parallel regulation of induced expression in T cells. It was therefore of interest to observe that these genes are closely linked in the human genome, separated by 14 kb, and are organized in a head to head fashion. Each of the genes is present in an additional nonallelic copy (referred to as 464.2 and 744.2) as part of an apparent amplification unit in the genome of many individuals. The 464.2 gene is expressed and potentially encodes a protein highly related to 464.1, varying in 5 of 92 amino acids. As expected, 464.2 and 744.2 are also closely linked to each other as determined by population linkage disequilibrium studies. Individuals bearing a chromosome with a third amplification event, involving a 464-related gene but not a 744-related gene, are also infrequently observed. These genes are all located on chromosome 17 in bands q11-q21, the region implicated in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) and in acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3).
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PMID:Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q. 197 63

Six integral membrane proteins of bacterial, animal, and plant origin, which are believed to function in solute transport, share sequence identity and are grouped together as members of the MIP family. These include the Escherichia coli glycerol facilitator, the major intrinsic protein from bovine lens fibre junction membranes, a plant tonoplast membrane protein, a soybean protein from the peribacteroid membrane, and a Drosophila neurogenic protein. These proteins, each of which appears to consist of six transmembrane helical segments per subunit, apparently arose by internal duplication of a three-transmembrane segment. Phylogenetic 'trees' interrelating these proteins and segments are presented.
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PMID:Evolution of the MIP family of integral membrane transport proteins. 201 3

The gene for a murine macrophage inflammatory cytokine, MIP-1 alpha, belongs to a newly recognized superfamily encoding small, inducible peptides shown to be up-regulated in association with cellular activation or transformation (tentatively designated the scy, or small cytokine, gene family). Secreted scy family peptides as a group, and MIP-1 alpha in particular, have inflammatory and mitogenic activities, and the family has been divided into CXC and CC subfamilies according to the spacing of conserved cysteine residues in the primary amino acid sequences. We have isolated and characterized a genomic clone encoding the CC subfamily member MIP-1 alpha. The organization of the murine MIP-1 alpha gene into three exons interrupted by two introns is identical to that found for other members of the CC subfamily (e.g., huLD78, muJE, huJE/MCP-1, muTCA3, and hul-309), which has been taken as evidence of evolution from a common ancestral gene. With the exception of the ratPF4 gene, which shares the two-intron/three-exon pattern typical of the CC subfamily, sequenced genes encoding CXC subfamily peptides (e.g., hulL-8 and hulP-10) include an additional intervening sequence that creates a fourth exon. Genomic nucleotide sequences 5' of the MIP-1 alpha cap site are highly homologous to corresponding regions of the human gene encoding a CC peptide variously designated as LD78/GOS19/pAT464, including consensus regulatory motifs in common, reinforcing the contention that MIP-1 alpha and LD78 may be interspecies homologs.
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PMID:Genomic structure of murine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and conservation of potential regulatory sequences with a human homolog, LD78. 203 69

We have characterized the membrane protein of apparent molecular weight 26 kD from bovine lenses (MP26 or MIP) with respect to six different electrophoretic and chromatographic procedures. These include one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic procedures, as well as SDS-hydroxylapatite chromatography. The two-dimensional gels include isoelectric focusing with both conventional ampholytes and buffer focusing methods. With buffer focusing, the membranes are solubilized without the use of SDS and the isoelectric focusing is performed in the absence of SDS. As specific probes for MP26, a monoclonal antibody and an anti-MP26 rabbit serum were used, the latter prepared against electrophoretically purified MP26. These separation techniques were adapted to MP26 in order to permit a more detailed characterization of this protein and to search for any heterogeneity in this size range, specifically other junctional proteins or protein fragments. We have found evidence for charge heterogeneity in MP26, but no evidence for multiple membrane proteins of Mr 26,000 in urea-treated membranes. The charge heterogeneity appears to be related to a phosphorylation of MP26. The results reported here aid the interpretation of a variety of data, especially findings on the reconstitution of MP26 in artificial membranes and results from work with polyclonal MP26 antibodies. These investigations are all designed to evaluate the proposed role of MP26 as a protein of cell-to-cell channels in the lens fiber cell.
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PMID:MP26, a protein of intercellular junctions in the bovine lens: electrophoretic and chromatographic characterization. 206 32

On the basis of the time-of-flight effect in 18 normal volunteers and 119 patients with different diseases of the abdominal veins (inferior vena cava, porto-splenic system, renal/hepatic/iliac veins) magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms were compared with the DSA, CT and US results. The MR technique included a series of 2D gradient-echo (Flash) images in which the patients held their breath and projection angiograms (PA) (MIP algorithm). PA of the inferior vena cava and renal veins had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88.8%. The results demonstrate that in all cases diseases of the large veins could be detected using all the MR information available. It is suggested that this method is so far not satisfactory in the evaluation of small vessels and slow intravascular flow conditions.
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PMID:[MR angiography of the abdominal veins]. 206 82

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is directly coupled to helium microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometry (He MIP-MS) for the element-selective detection of halogenated organic compounds. Absolute detection limits are approximately 50 pg Br for brominated compounds, 1 pg I for iodinated compounds, and 10 ng Cl for chlorinated compounds. The linear dynamic range for Br- and I-containing compounds is 3-4 orders of magnitude. However, the linear range for chlorinated species is severely limited by high background at m/z = 35. The relative standard deviation for repetitive injections is less than 10%. The helium microwave-induced plasma is operated at moderate powers (300-350 W) and with a total helium consumption of 6-8 L/min. The effect of organic solvents on the background mass spectrum is investigated.
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PMID:Helium microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometric detection for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 207 47

In myasthenia gravis (MG) the status of respiratory function has a paramount importance and a careful evaluation is recommended. The weakness of respiratory muscles has been demonstrated in several studies. However, a reliable simple method for the evaluation of this muscular group was lacking until recently, when the usefulness of the maximum respiratory pressures, expiratory (MEP) and inspiratory (MIP), was demonstrated. We evaluated with this method a series of 23 patients with a diagnosis of MG (16 females and 7 males), with a mean age of 46 years (22-68 years), clinically stable and without symptomatic dyspnea. They were distributed in: grade I (5), grade II A (12), and grade II B (6). All of them were evaluated with flow-volume curves, pletysmography, gas transfer, MEP and MIP. The resulting values were then correlated with the expected ones, a reduction greater than one SD being considered as abnormal. The results showed that respiratory function was normal without a restrictive pattern. However, the force of respiratory muscles was reduced in the following proportions of patients in the different groups: grade I: MIP 40%, MEP 60%; in grades II A and II B both MEP and MIP were reduced in 84% of patients. When a statistical comparison with the expected values was carried out it was found that MEP and MIP, considered as a group, were reduced to 53% of the expected values (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of respiratory muscle function (maximal respiratory pressures) in myasthenia gravis]. 210 Jan 31

Macrophages are essential for normal wound repair and many of their effects on healing wounds are likely to be mediated by the secretion of cytokines. This study examines the appearance of messenger RNA (mRNA) for cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL 1, and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and 2 (MIP-1 and MIP-2), as well as the mature peptides, in a model of wound healing using wound chambers. RNA for all four cytokines can be detected in wound inflammatory cells by polymerase chain reaction amplification throughout the first 7 days. Cachectin/TNF and IL 1 protein levels peaked on the first day after wound chamber implantation, and MIP-1 and MIP-2 were detected only on day 3. The data suggest that these cytokines participate in the early inflammatory response to wounding.
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PMID:Cytokine production in a model of wound healing: the appearance of MIP-1, MIP-2, cachectin/TNF and IL-1. 210 19

The regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression by recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was studied in a series of 7 human colorectal tumor cell lines at various stages of differentiation. Two of the colorectal cell lines were poorly differentiated and did not constitutively express CEA. IFN-gamma treatment, however, induced CEA expression in one of those lines (i.e., DLD-1) as evidenced by the appearance of CEA-related mRNA transcripts, as well as the cell surface expression of the antigen as measured by flow cytometry and radioimmunoassay. In the highly differentiated colorectal tumor cell lines, IFN-gamma treatment resulted in no detectable change in CEA content in whole cell extracts or in the percentage of cells positive for cell surface CEA expression. In fact, IFN-gamma treatment of the highly differentiated LS174T cell line not only failed to alter CEA expression, but also failed to induce class II human leukocyte antigen expression. Therefore, the highly differentiated LS174T cell line and the poorly differentiated MIP cell line represent colorectal tumor cell types that are unresponsive to the ability of IFN-gamma to induce alterations in tumor (i.e., CEA) or normal (i.e., class I and class II human leucocyte antigen) surface antigen expression. The most responsive of human colorectal tumor cells to the ability of IFN-gamma to alter CEA expression were the moderately differentiated cell lines (i.e., HT-29, WiDr, etc.). IFN-gamma treatment of those cell types increased the CEA content in cell extracts by 300-400%, and increased the percentage of cells positive for surface CEA expression from 30-45% to greater than 80%. The effect of IFN-gamma treatment on 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5' A) activity was also studied using 4 of the 7 colorectal cell lines. Constitutive 2'-5' A activity varied approximately 14-fold and was not correlated with degree of cellular differentiation. IFN-gamma treatment increased 2'-5' A activity in all 4 colorectal tumor cells tested. In particular, the ability to enhance 2'-5' A activity in the MIP and LS174T cells, 2 colorectal tumor cell types that previously were shown to be unresponsive to IFN-gamma-mediated changes in their antigenic phenotype, clearly separates cellular events regulating 2'-5' A activity from those involved in regulating cell surface antigen expression. The findings also suggested that the regulation of CEA expression by IFN-gamma is not related to the degree of cellular differentiation and, furthermore, provide some insight into which human tumor cell populations may be the most amenable to tumor antigen augmentation by IFN-gamma in an adjuvant setting with a monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:Regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen expression in different human colorectal tumor cells by interferon-gamma. 211 52


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