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Requirements in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of series n-3 and n-6 may be amplified and their metabolism, transport, and utilization may be impaired in the long term, by protein depletion. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in young rats, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and erythrocyte membrane antioxidative defense, when they were fed balanced (20% casein) or depleted (2% casein) protein diet associated with various oils (sunflower, soybean, coconut or salmon). Over a short period (28 days), eight groups of 10 male Wistar rats were fed eight different diets: TOC (20% casein + 5% sunflower oil), TOd (2% casein + 5% soybean oil), SOC (20% casein + 5% soybean oil), SOd (2% casein + 5% soybean oil), COC (20% casein + 5% coconut oil), COd (2% casein + 5% coconut oil), SAC (20% casein + 5% salmon oil), SAd (2% casein + 5% salmon oil). Blood was removed, MDA was assessed in plasma (reaction with thiobarbituric acid). Washed erythrocytes were subjected to organic free radical generator (Kit KGRL 400 Spiral R.D., Couternon, 21560 France). The haemoglobin released was analysed by spectrophotometry. The total anti-radical defense status was expressed as the length of time to reach 50% hemolysis (T 50% in min). Plasma of deficient groups (2% casein) exhibited low concentrations of protein, particularly with coconut and salmon oils; phospholipid and total cholesterol, excepted with diet containing coconut oil; triacylglycerol; and VLDL. Malondialdehyde. In groups fed balanced protein diets, the lowest values were obtained with salmon and coconut oils. MDA contents of groups TOd, COd and SAd were higher than those of their respective control groups, but significantly only in group COd. Antiradical defense status. Total anti-radical defence status in erythrocytes was not modified in the short term by balanced or depleted protein diets which ever oil was used, despite deep changes in fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. In particular, phospholipid contents in eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic acids were greatly enhanced by the consumption of salmon oil compared to the values obtained with coconut oil.
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PMID:[Malondialdehyde production and erythrocyte membrane resistance to free radicals, in function of adequate or inadequate protein intake, associated with different oils (sunflower, soybean, coconut, salmon)]. 149 81

To obtain a further appreciable reduction of discharges in the area of sewage disposal, besides waste water purification at our treatment plants, discharge of wastewater through the sewer system has to be taken into account. Today, control strategies pursuing this aim are mainly based on hydraulic conditions like level or flow rate. They all neglect the wastewater organic load as an essential parameter. The main reasons are the expensive methods used to continuously measure traditional organic sum parameters like COD or TOC. A meaningful alternative to those parameters is the spectral absorption coefficient at lambda = 254 nm (SAC), defined in DIN 38402 by the German Institute for Standardisation. As a purely physical parameter, the SAC shows a good correlation to organic sum parameters like COD and TOC, especially if municipal wastewater is considered. By using an UV-process probe, it is possible to measure the SAC and infer the organic load of raw wastewater continuously without any sample pre-treatment. By the use of this instrument numerous possibilities arise, in order to control the sewers discharge load depend.
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PMID:Online load measurement in combined sewer systems--possibilities of an integrated management of waste water transportation and treatment. 1193 62

Drinking water is often produced from surface water by riverbank filtration (RBF) or artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). In this study, an AGR system was exemplarily investigated and results were compared with those of RBF systems, in which the effects of redox milieu, temperature and surface water discharge on the cleaning efficiency were evaluated. Besides bulk parameters such as DOC (dissolved organic carbon), organic trace pollutants including iodinated X-ray contrast media, personal care products, complexing agents, and pharmaceuticals were investigated. At all studied sites, levels of TOC (total organic carbon), DOC, AOX (adsorbable organic halides), SAC (spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm), and turbidity were reduced significantly. DOC removal was stimulated at higher groundwater temperatures during AGR. Several substances were generally easily removable during both AGR and RBF, regardless of the site, season, discharge or redox regime. For some more refractory substances, however, removal efficiency turned out to be significantly influenced by redox conditions.
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PMID:Effects of boundary conditions on the cleaning efficiency of riverbank filtration and artificial groundwater recharge systems regarding bulk parameters and trace pollutants. 2267 10

A novel integrated process with three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3D EF) and biological activated carbon (BAC) was employed in advanced treatment of biologically pretreated Lurgi coal gasification wastewater. SAC-Fe (sludge deserved activated carbon from sewage and iron sludge) and SAC (sludge deserved activated carbon) were used in 3D EF as catalytic particle electrodes (CPEs) and in BAC as carriers respectively. Results indicated that 3D EF with SAC-Fe as CPEs represented excellent pollutants and COLOR removals as well as biodegradability improvement. The efficiency enhancement attributed to generating more H2O2 and OH. The integrated process exhibited efficient performance of COD, BOD5, total phenols, TOC, TN and COLOR removals at a much shorter retention time, with the corresponding concentrations in effluent of 31.18, 6.69, 4.29, 17.82, 13.88mg/L and <20 times, allowing discharge criteria to be met. The integrated system was efficient, cost-effective and ecological sustainable and could be a promising technology for engineering applications.
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PMID:A novel integration of three-dimensional electro-Fenton and biological activated carbon and its application in the advanced treatment of biologically pretreated Lurgi coal gasification wastewater. 2622 70