Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1835664 (TOC)
 2,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ozonation of the azo dye Cationic Red X-GRL was investigated in a bubble column reactor at varying operating parameters such as oxygen flow rate, temperature, initial Cationic Red X-GRL concentration, and pH. The conversion of dye increased with the increasing of pH and oxygen flow rate. As the reaction rate constant and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increase while the ozone equilibrium concentration decreases with the temperature, there is a minimum conversion of dye at 25 degrees C. The increasing of initial dye concentration leads to a decreasing conversion of dye while the ozonation rate increases. The formation of intermediates and the variation of pH, TOC, and nitrate ion during ozonation were investigated by the use of some analytical instruments such as GC/MS, GC, and IC. The intermediates of weak organic acids lower the pH value of the solution. The probable degradation mechanism of the Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution was deliberated with the aid of Molecular Orbital calculations. The N(12)-C(13) site in Cationic Red X-GRL, instead of the N(6)-N(7) site, is found to be the principal site for ozone cycloaddition in the degradation processes. During the degradation process, among the six nitrogen atoms of Cationic Red X-GRL, one is transferred into a nitrate ion, one is converted into an amine compound, and the remaining four are transformed into two molecules of nitrogen.
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PMID:Ozonation of Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution: degradation and mechanism. 1550 79

Wet electrolytic oxidation (WEO) under mild condition, a relatively less reported process which coupled the advantages of both wet air oxidation (WAO) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) was investigated for the removal of one azo dye, cationic red X-GRL, in a 2L autoclave reactor. It was found that this novel process showed synergistic effect for TOC removal compared with that by the individual WAO and EO, and presented much higher dye removal efficiency. At similar conditions of temperature of 100-180 degrees C, P(N(2))= 0.50 MPa and P(O(2))= 0.14 MPa, a little introduction of current density of 2 mA cm(-2) led to the apparent reaction constants for WEO two times larger than those of WAO. Possible mechanism for the synergistic effect was discussed based on the analysis of free-radical generation and intermediates detected by GC/MS.
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PMID:Wet electrolytic oxidation of cationic red X-GRL. 1678 Oct 55