Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1835664 (TOC)
 2,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A novel water quality index, the mutagen formation potential (MFP) is proposed for use in evaluation of the quality of drinking water which may contain pollutants capable of forming mutagens when chlorinated under the conditions used in water purification processes. A method for measuring MFP was established as follows. The water sample to be tested is diluted until the TOC reaches 3-4 mg l-1, the pH is adjusted to 7.0 +/- 0.2, sodium hypochlorite is added to obtain conditions where Cl/TOC = 3-4 mg Cl (mg C)-1, and the water sample is left standing for 24 +/- 2 h at room temperature. Thereafter, 21 of the chlorinated water sample at pH 2.0 +/- 0.1 is passed through a Sep-Pak Plus CSP-800 cartridge to adsorb any mutagens formed, and DMSO is applied to the cartridge to desorb the mutagens. Then, a 2 ml sample of the eluate is collected after the DMSO had begun to flow out of the cartridge and evaluated by the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay (preincubation method).
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PMID:Method for measuring mutagen formation potential (MFP) on chlorination as a new water quality index. 1132 63

A continuous two step O3/H2O2 oxidation system, in which the waste gas from the former reactor was reused in the latter step with an ejector, was established for the purpose of wastewater reclamation in electronics industries. ORP monitor was combined into the system to obtain the optimum ratio of H2O2 to O3 by automatically adjusting the dosage of H2O2, and ion exchange resin was used for removing organic acids formed during oxidation. The effectiveness of the O3/H2O2 oxidation system for TOC removal was investigated under various conditions by using IPA, DMSO, and NMP as model substances. The optimum H2O2/O3 for oxidizing IPA was in a range above 0.15, and it increased with the increase of O3 dose. A sudden drop of ORP from ca. 800 mV to a little more than 200 mV was observed when H2O2/O3 was approaching the optimum point from the lower end. An ORP between 250 mV and 300 mV or 800 mV and 900 mV was proper for H2O2/O3 control. The treatability of the model substances was in an order of IPA << DMSO < NMP, being consistent with the magnitude of the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (epsilon HOMO). The two step treatment system developed in this study was found to be more efficient than the conventional single step system. With the help of H2O2 dosing control and two step treatment using waste O3, the system could save about 40% O3 in comparison with the conventional O3/H2O2 oxidation process.
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PMID:Improved O3/H2O2 oxidation process for wastewater reclamation. 1143 96

The present study investigates the oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The major degradation products identified were methanesulfinate, methanesulfonate, formaldehyde, and formic acid in ozonation process. The subsequent degradation of intermediates shows that methanesulfonate is more resistance to ozonation, which reduces the mineralization rate of DMSO. The effect of t-butanol addition and ozone gas flow dosage on the degradation rate was evaluated. The rate constant of the reaction of ozone (k(D)) with DMSO was found to be 0.4162 M(-1)S(-1). In the second part of this study, DMSO degradation and TOC mineralization were investigated using O(3)/UV, O(3)/H(2)O(2) and UV/H(2)O(2) processes. In all theses processes the degradation of target organics is more pronounced than TOC removal. The efficiencies of these processes were evaluated and discussed. The formation of sulfate ion in all AOPs have been identified and compared with other processes. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and ozone-based AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of DMSO in wastewater.
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PMID:Degradation of DMSO by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes. 1746 97

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), one of the most widely used solvent, was subjected to fluidized-bed Fenton oxidation in this study. Fenton oxidation is considered one of the cheapest advanced oxidation processes due to high availability of Fenton's reagents Fe(2+) and H2O2, wherein, Fe(2+) catalyzes hydroxyl radical production from H2O2. Fluidized-bed Fenton process is a modified approach which is also used to address the production of large amount of iron oxide sludge in conventional Fenton process. Parametric study is included in this research using initial conditions of pH 2-7, 0.5-7.25 mM Fe(2+), 5-87.5mM H2O2, and 5-50mM DMSO. Fluidized-bed Fenton oxidation of 5mM DMSO using 68.97 g/L SiO2 carrier at initial conditions of pH 3, 5mM Fe(2+), and 32.5mM H2O2 resulted to 95.22% DMSO degradation, 34.38% TOC removal and 0.304 mM sulfate/mM DMSO0 production in 2h. The study shows that the intermediate product which was most difficult to oxidize and contributed most to the residual TOC was methanesulfonate.
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PMID:Degradation of dimethyl sulfoxide through fluidized-bed Fenton process. 2618 64