Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C1835664 (
TOC
)
2,763
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (
BAM
) is a frequent groundwater pollutant produced during degradation of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenile). Spatial variability of
BAM
mineralisation is uncharacterized in surface soil, however, and factors controlling the heterogeneity remain unknown. We addressed these issues by sample-to-sample comparisons of
BAM
mineralisation rates and a range of soil characteristics at spatial scales ranging from meters to centimetres. For mineralisation assays nano-molar concentrations of labelled
BAM
were added to determine mineralisation rates under realistic conditions. We found a significant variability of
BAM
mineralisation which increased with decreasing spatial scale.
BAM
mineralisation rates were correlated to the density of
BAM
-degrading bacteria but not to water content,
TOC
, NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), or pH. The genus Aminobacter, which contains the only
BAM
degraders known, was detected in MPN samples of
BAM
degraders by a specific PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene, confirming a role of Aminobacter in
BAM
mineralisation.
...
PMID:Degrader density determines spatial variability of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide mineralisation in soil. 1966 69
Electrochemical oxidation is a promising technique for degradation of otherwise recalcitrant organic micropollutants in waters. In this study, the applicability of electrochemical oxidation was investigated concerning the degradation of the groundwater pollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (
BAM
) through the electrochemical oxygen transfer process with two anode materials: Ti/Pt90-Ir10 and boron doped diamond (Si/BDD). Besides the efficiency of the degradation of the main pollutant, it is also of outmost importance to control the formation and fate of stable degradation intermediates. These were investigated quantitatively with HPLC-MS and
TOC
measurements and qualitatively with a combined HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS protocol. 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide was found to be degraded most efficiently by the BDD cell, which also resulted in significantly lower amounts of intermediates formed during the process. The anodic degradation pathway was found to occur via substitution of hydroxyl groups until ring cleavage leading to carboxylic acids. For the BDD cell, there was a parallel cathodic degradation pathway that occurred via dechlorination. The combination of
TOC
with the combined HPLC-UV/MS was found to be a powerful method for determining the amount and nature of degradation intermediates.
...
PMID:Study of degradation intermediates formed during electrochemical oxidation of pesticide residue 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) at boron doped diamond (BDD) and platinum-iridium anodes. 2487 11
