Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1835664 (TOC)
 2,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sporadic breast cancers often show allelic losses on the long arm of chromosome 17. Since the BRCA1 gene lies at 17q21.1 and the TOC locus, associated with esophageal cancer, lies at 17q25.1, either gene could be the target of those losses. We examined both loci in 178 primary breast cancers, using microsatellite markers covering the relevant regions of 17q, and observed allelic losses in 97 tumors (55%). Losses were most frequent at markers around the TOC locus (48% at D7S1839 and 43% at D17S1603), where we identified a distinct commonly deleted region within a I -cM interval. Another larger, separate commonly deleted region including the BRCA1 gene was also identified, which exhibited 45% of allelic loss (at D17S934). Allelic loss on 17q was more frequent in tumors of the solid-tubular histologic type (P = 0.0129) and in estrogen-negative and progesterone-negative tumors (P = 0.0281 and 0.0196, respectively). The results indicated that BRCA1 and TOC are independent targets of allelic loss on 17q in primary breast cancers, and that inactivation of the TOC locus in particular may play an important role in the genesis of sporadic breast tumors.
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PMID:Frequent allelic loss at the TOC locus on 17q25.1 in primary breast cancers. 1009 33

A critical analysis of the changes in fatty acid patterns and their metabolism elicited by vitamin E deficiency leads to the proposal that a major role of dietary RRR-alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOC) is as an enzymatic precursor of alpha-tocopherolquinone (alpha-TQ) whose semiquinone radical functions as an essential enzyme cofactor for the fatty acid desaturases of the recently elucidated carnitine-dependent, channeled, mitochondrial desaturation-elongation pathway; a detailed mechanism for its function is proposed. Pathophysiological states produced by vitamin E deficiency and alpha-TOC transfer protein defects, such as ataxia, myopathy, retinopathy, and sterility are proposed to develop from the effects of impaired alpha-TQ-dependent desaturases and the resulting deficiency of their polyenoic fatty acid products.
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PMID:A function for the vitamin E metabolite alpha-tocopherol quinone as an essential enzyme cofactor for the mitochondrial fatty acid desaturases. 1010 Jun 2

The combination of TiO2-assisted photocatalysis and ozonation in the degradation of nitrogen-containing substrates such as alkylamines, alkanolamines, heterocyclic and aromatic N-compounds has been investigated. A laboratory set-up was designed and the influence of the structure of the N-compound, the TiO2 and ozone concentration on the formation of breakdown products were examined. The experimental results showed that a considerable increase in the degradation efficiency of the N-compounds is obtained by a combination of photocatalysis and ozonation as compared to either ozonation or photocatalysis only. The mineralization of the model substances was monitored by measurements of the TOC and ion-chromatographic determinations of the formed NO2- and NO3-. The temporal changes of concentrations of breakdown products, such as NH4+, short chain alkyl- and alkanolamines were determined by single column ion chromatography (SCIC) and as well as by electrospray mass spectrometry (EI-MS).
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PMID:Degradation of nitrogen containing organic compounds by combined photocatalysis and ozonation. 1010 56

The SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse and human fetal thymic organ culture (HF-TOC) models have been used to explore the pathophysiologic mechanisms of HIV-1 infection in the thymus. We report here that HIV-1 infection of the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse leads to the induction of MHC class I (MHCI) expression on CD4+CD8+ (DP) thymocytes, which normally express low levels of MHCI. Induction of MHCI on DP thymocytes in HIV-1-infected Thy/Liv organs precedes their depletion and correlates with the pathogenic activity of the HIV-1 isolates. Both MHCI protein and mRNA are induced in thymocytes from HIV-1-infected Thy/Liv organs, indicating induction of MHCI gene expression. Indirect mechanisms are involved, because only a fraction (<10%) of the DP thymocytes were directly infected by HIV-1, although the majority of DP thymocytes are induced to express high levels of MHCI. We further demonstrate that IL-10 is induced in HIV-1-infected thymus organs. Similar HIV-1-mediated induction of MHCI expression was observed in HF-TOC assays. Exogenous IL-10 in HF-TOC induces MHCI expression on DP thymocytes. Therefore, HIV-1 infection of the thymus organ leads to induction of MHCI expression on immature thymocytes via indirect mechanisms involving IL-10. Overexpression of MHCI on DP thymocytes can interfere with thymocyte maturation and may contribute to HIV-1-induced thymocyte depletion.
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PMID:Induction of MHC class I expression on immature thymocytes in HIV-1-infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice: evidence of indirect mechanisms. 1035 12

In this paper the preclinical evaluation of the somatostatin analogue RC160 labelled with technetium-99m using bifunctional chelators (BFCs) based on the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and N(3)S system is described and a comparison made with [Tyr(3)]-octreotide (TOC). Conjugates of both peptides with HYNIC, and of RC160 with benzoyl-MAG(3) and an N(3)S-adipate derivative were prepared and radiolabelling performed at high specific activities using tricine, tricine/nicotinic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (EDDA) as co-ligands for HYNIC conjugates. All conjugates and (99m)Tc-labelled peptides showed preserved binding affinity for the somatostatin receptor (IC50, Kd<5 nM). The biodistribution was markedly dependent on the BFC and co-ligand used, with the amidothiol ligands showing a greater degree of hepatobiliary clearance, the HYNIC/tricine complex higher blood levels and the HYNIC/EDDA complex the highest level of renal excretion and lowest blood levels. All peptide conjugates showed receptor-mediated uptake in tumour xenografts, but tumour uptake was significantly lower for the (99m)Tc-RC160 derivatives compared with (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Tyr(3)]-octreotide (0.2%-3.5%ID/g vs 9.7%ID/g) and correlated well with the reduced internalisation rate for RC160 derivatives. Our results show that the selection of the labelling approach as well as the right choice of the peptide structure are crucial for labelling peptides with (99m)Tc to achieve complexes with favourable biodistribution. Despite the relatively low tumour uptake compared with (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Tyr(3)]-octreotide, (99m)Tc-RC160 could play a role in imaging tumours that do not bind octreotide derivatives.
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PMID:Technetium-99m somatostatin analogues: effect of labelling methods and peptide sequence. 1108 50

The objectives of this research work was to evaluate the reduction of THM precursors by cationic p-DADMAC and determine the correlations between the chlorine demand and trihalomethane formation in the presence of electrolyte solutions and ambient light. The chlorine demand was found to be significantly reduced provided that the H2SO4 electrolyte was fed to the sample solutions. The amount of CHCl3 formation was also decreased when the Na2SO4 electrolyte was introduced in spite of the levels of light intensity. The p-DADMAC can not only effectively remove the turbidity but also reduce the formation of CHCl3. The optimum dosage of p-DADMAC for reducing the turbidity, TOC and CHCl3 in the humic acid and source water samples was determined and depended upon the nature of organics.
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PMID:Effects of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride coagulant on formation of chlorinated by products in drinking water. 1046 27

Dissolved oxygen cycling patterns in a tropical lake (Weija Lake) were shown to be useful as a potential indicator of biodegradable organic pollution, by dosing with liquid malt to give an additional organic burden of 2.5 and 5.0 mg l-1 TOC, and monitoring the DO values continuously for 140 h. These loadings were added to water columns (in tubes) suspended from a raft in a lake in south-east Ghana. The addition of organic pollution burden to the lake water produced two main effects: the mean DO value was lowered, and the amplitude of the DO cycle decreased as organic loading increased from 2.5 to 5.0 mg l-1 TOC. There was also an indication of heterotrophic respiration associated with organic inputs for the 5.0 mg l-1 added TOC suggesting a P/R ratio of well below 1.0. Taking the results of a DO cycling computer model together with those from the lake raft experiments, it can be concluded that dissolved oxygen cycles can be a good indicator of biodegradable organic pollution load.
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PMID:Evaluation of cycling patterns of dissolved oxygen in a tropical lake as an indicator of biodegradable organic pollution. 1047 31

The degradation, by several advanced oxidation reactions, of a pulp mill ECF bleaching effluent, was studied. The initial biodegradability of the organic matter present in the effluent, estimated as the BOD5/COD, was low (0.3). When the effluent was submitted to ozonation and to five different advanced oxidation systems (O3/UV, O3/UV/ZnO, O3/UV/TiO2, O2/UV/ZnO, O2/UV/TiO2), the biodegradability increase significantly. After five minutes of reaction, the O3/UV system appears as the most efficient in to transform the organic matter to more biodegradable forms. A similar effect was observed when the effluent was submitted to an activated sludge treatment. The COD, TOC and toxicity reduction correlated well with the biodegradability enhancement after AOPs treatments.
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PMID:Advanced oxidation of a pulp mill bleaching wastewater. 1052 Apr 85

Synergistic effects including TOC elimination, ozone consumption and microtoxicity reduction for combination of photolysis and ozonation compared to those of direct photolysis and ozonation alone on destruction of chlorophenols including 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were studied. It was found that the synergistic effects of combination of photolysis and ozonation increased obviously with increasing initial pH of solution to basic pH levels. Results showed that the synergistic effects of photolytic ozonation under the conditions imposed was notable with mineralization rate enlarging more than 100%, oxidation index (OI) decreasing 50%, and microtoxicity being reduced by 30%, indicating that the potentialities of photolytic ozonation compared to direct photolysis and ozonation alone was remarkable for treatment of industrial wastewater containing chlorophenols.
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PMID:Synergistic effects of combination of photolysis and ozonation on destruction of chlorophenols in water. 1053 16

A Klebsiella isolate (G1) was capable of survival and growth in an environment containing high levels of anionic (15.6%) and non-ionic detergent (7.8%). Cell numbers were monitored by traditional viable plate counts (culturability), and by staining with Rhodamine 123 (vital counts) and Acridine Orange (total counts). On inoculation into detergent solutions, only 10% of cells retained vitality (rhodamine 123) after 24 h. Of those, only 1% were able to form colonies on artificial culture media. Under low nutrient conditions (TOC < 0.89 mg l - 1), no recovery was observed over a 96 h period, but addition of nutrients (TOC 3.84 mg l - 1) allowed recovery within 48 h. Such cells were initially (24 h) elongated, but subsequently (144 h) returned to their normal size. In the presence of detergent without added nutrient, cell size was reduced after 144 h. After adaptation to the detergent environment (24 - 48 h), cell numbers in detergent with added nutrient broth (vital, viable and total) rose, until levels equivalent to those of a detergent-free control were attained. Detergent solutions provide a stressful environment. Nutrient levels in the detergent solutions affected cell size and the ability of the Klebsiella (G1) to survive and grow.
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PMID:The survival and growth of an environmental Klebsiella isolate in detergent solutions. 1059 19


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