Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1835664 (TOC)
 2,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new medium composed of Tween 80, oxgall, caffeic acid, and Davis agar (TOC) that provides for the rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans is described herein. C. albicans is differentiated from other yeasts by the sequential production of germ tubes and chlamydospores. In a comparison with cormeal agar control plates, there was an increase of chlamydospore-forming strains of C. albicans (97.1% versus 87.2%) and a decrease in the time required for chlamydospore formation (24 h versus 48 h). C. neoformans produced a brown pigment of TOC, which is specific for its identification, thus differentiating it from the other yeasts. A comparison of 24-h pigment production by C. neoformans on TOC with that of birdseed agar showed a dark, coffee brown color in the former cultures and a light brown color in the latter. The change in pigmentation of C. neoformans, as well as morphological changes in C. albicans, can be induced within 3 to 12 h and in not more than 24 h on the TOC medium.
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PMID:New culture medium for the presumptive identificaion of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. 32 72

Requirements in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of series n-3 and n-6 may be amplified and their metabolism, transport, and utilization may be impaired in the long term, by protein depletion. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in young rats, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and erythrocyte membrane antioxidative defense, when they were fed balanced (20% casein) or depleted (2% casein) protein diet associated with various oils (sunflower, soybean, coconut or salmon). Over a short period (28 days), eight groups of 10 male Wistar rats were fed eight different diets: TOC (20% casein + 5% sunflower oil), TOd (2% casein + 5% soybean oil), SOC (20% casein + 5% soybean oil), SOd (2% casein + 5% soybean oil), COC (20% casein + 5% coconut oil), COd (2% casein + 5% coconut oil), SAC (20% casein + 5% salmon oil), SAd (2% casein + 5% salmon oil). Blood was removed, MDA was assessed in plasma (reaction with thiobarbituric acid). Washed erythrocytes were subjected to organic free radical generator (Kit KGRL 400 Spiral R.D., Couternon, 21560 France). The haemoglobin released was analysed by spectrophotometry. The total anti-radical defense status was expressed as the length of time to reach 50% hemolysis (T 50% in min). Plasma of deficient groups (2% casein) exhibited low concentrations of protein, particularly with coconut and salmon oils; phospholipid and total cholesterol, excepted with diet containing coconut oil; triacylglycerol; and VLDL. Malondialdehyde. In groups fed balanced protein diets, the lowest values were obtained with salmon and coconut oils. MDA contents of groups TOd, COd and SAd were higher than those of their respective control groups, but significantly only in group COd. Antiradical defense status. Total anti-radical defence status in erythrocytes was not modified in the short term by balanced or depleted protein diets which ever oil was used, despite deep changes in fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. In particular, phospholipid contents in eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic acids were greatly enhanced by the consumption of salmon oil compared to the values obtained with coconut oil.
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PMID:[Malondialdehyde production and erythrocyte membrane resistance to free radicals, in function of adequate or inadequate protein intake, associated with different oils (sunflower, soybean, coconut, salmon)]. 149 81

The usefulness of ulinastatin for protection of reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia was evaluated in 25 patients undergone open heart surgery (18 cases with coronary artery bypass grafting and 7 with valve replacements). Twenty five patients were divided into two groups; U (+)-group consisted of 12 patients with ulinastatin (10,000 IU/kg) injected via the aortic root just before aortic declamping, and U (-)-group of 13 patients without ulinastatin. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, body weight, total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, and aortic cross clamp time. Blood samples were obtained from coronary sinus before the start of CPB, just before the aortic cross clamp and immediately after reperfusion, and 1 and 3 hours later. Levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), alpha-tocopherol (alpha TOC), polymorphonuclear elastase (PMNE), creatine phosphokinase (CK) and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-WB) release were measured, and myocardial aerobic metabolism was also evaluated. At each time point after reperfusion, TBA levels in U (+)-group were significantly less (p less than 0.05), and alpha TOC levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than those in U (-)-group. PMNE increased progressively during CPB and showed a peak at 3 hours after reperfusion. And both groups showed increased lactate production and anaerobic metabolism immediately after reperfusion and 1 hour later, as evidenced by changes in excess lactate and redox potential of lactate and pyruvate. There was, however, no significant difference between the two groups with CK-MB as well as CK release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Usefulness of ulinastatin as a radical scavenger for protection of reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia in open heart surgery]. 177 2

Water samples were collected from 384 waterworks that supply 70.9% of the Norwegian population. The samples were collected after water treatment and were analysed for 30 constituents. Although most constituents show wide concentration ranges, Norwegian drinking water is generally soft. The median values obtained are: 0.88 mg Si l-1, 0.06 mg Al l-1, 47 micrograms Fe l-1, 0.69 mg Mg l-1, 2.9 mg Ca l-1, 3.8 mg Na l-1, 6 micrograms Mn l-1, 12 micrograms Cu l-1, 14 micrograms Zn l-1, 9 micrograms Ba l-1, 15 micrograms Sr l-1, 0.14 mg K l-1, 58 micrograms F- l-1, 6.4 mg Cl- l-1, 11 micrograms Br- l-1, 0.46 mg NO3- l-1, 5.3 mg SO4(2-) l-1, 2.4 mg TOC l-1, 6.8 (pH), 5) microseconds cm-1 (conductivity) and 11 mg Pt l-1 (colour). Titanium, Pb, Ni, Co, V, Mo, Cd, Be and Li were seldom or never quantified, due to insufficient sensitivity of the ICP (inductively coupled plasma) method. Norwegian quality criteria, which exist for 17 of the constituents examined, are generally fulfilled, indicating that the chemical quality of drinking water, by and large, is good in Norway. For Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, pH, TOC and colour, however, the norms for good drinking water are exceeded in more than 9% of the samples, reflecting two of the major problems associated with Norwegian drinking water supplies: (i) many water sources contain high concentrations of humic substances; (ii) in large parts of the country, the waters are soft and acidic, and therefore corrosive towards pipes, plumbing and other installations. Most constituents show marked regional distribution patterns, which are discussed in the light of different mechanisms contributing to the chemical composition of drinking water, namely: chemical weathering of mineral matter; atmospheric supply of salt particles from the sea; anthropogenic pollution (including acid precipitation); corrosion of water pipes and plumbing; water treatment; decomposition of organic matter; and hydrological differences.
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PMID:A nation-wide survey of the chemical composition of drinking water in Norway. 203 65

A new process of biological waste treatment was developed by use of microbial films grown on the liquid surface in a shallow flow reactor. The performance of this process was tested using a synthetic waste that contained acetic acid as a model organic pollutant. About 90% of acetic acid (10,000 mg/L-1) in the synthetic waste was removed by setting alpha tau: (alpha specific liquid surface area, cm-1, and tau: hydraulic liquid detention time, h) higher than 15 cm-1/h. It was necessary to maintain alpha large enough (more than 10 cm-1 in most cases) to satisfy oxygen demand for the biooxidation. The oxygen balance and TOC determinations showed that the acetic acid removed was completely oxidized with oxygen transferred through the liquid surface. This process would contribute to energy savings, since it requires no forced aeration for oxygen supply.
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PMID:Biooxidation of a synthetic waste by a microbial film grown on the liquid surface in a shallow flow reactor. 209 26

Amiodarone is a potent antidysrhythmic drug that is associated with severe pulmonary toxicity. The mechanism of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity is poorly understood. To investigate the possible involvement of oxygen-derived metabolites in amiodarone-induced injury, 51Cr-labeled human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells were incubated with amiodarone for 18 hr in the presence of various antioxidants and in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions with cell injury quantified by 51Cr release, expressed as cytotoxic index. Amiodarone (10-50 microM) directly injured HPAE cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but the injury was not modulated by altering ambient oxygen concentrations. Furthermore, amiodarone-induced injury (30 microM) was not reduced by the following antioxidants: catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol. In contrast, toxicity from 30 microM amiodarone was significantly reduced by alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOC) at 10, 20 and 40 microM from a cytotoxic index of 41.6 +/- 3.5 to 25.5 +/- 7.9, 10.61 +/- 5.4 and 3.1 +/- 2.8, respectively. As revealed by phase microscopy, alpha-TOC (40 microM) prevented any evidence of toxicity to the amiodarone-treated cells. Amiodarone concentrations in the HPAE cells incubated in the presence and absence of alpha-TOC were not significantly different, indicating that alpha-TOC did not interfere with the uptake of the drug by the cells. Similarly, amiodarone did not interfere with the uptake of alpha-TOC by the HPAE cells. Although the specific mechanism of action remains unclear, alpha-TOC affords nearly complete protection in vitro from the cellular injury induced by amiodarone.
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PMID:Amiodarone-induced injury of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells: protection by alpha-tocopherol. 239 8

Fluka humic acid used as a model substrate in these studies was analysed for elemental and the oxygen-containing functional groups. It was chlorinated at C:Cl molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.3 and subsequently separated into molecular weight fractions by ultrafiltration. The freeze-dried, chlorinated humic acid and the respective molecular weight fractions were analyzed for TOC, TOX, alkylating activity using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine and mutagenicity by the Ames/Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA-98 and TA-100. Results indicated that predominantly non-volatile, direct-acting mutagenic and/or alkylating agents were formed during humic acid chlorination and that these agents were unevenly distributed among the various molecular weight fractions. Formation of mutagenic and alkylating agents were highly dependent upon level of chlorination and total organic carbon. Higher levels of mutagenic and alkylating activities were produced with increasing concentration of chlorine in the range of 0.4-1.2 chlorine equivalents per mole of carbon. However, both these activities in the freeze-dried, chlorinated humic acid solutions containing the non-volatiles or the fresh solutions decreased gradually with increasing pH and storage time, apparently due to degradation and hydrolysis of some of the components.
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PMID:Mutagenicity and alkylating activity of the aqueous chlorination products of humic acid and their molecular weight fractions. 252 78

A significant proportion of women with PID will have their disease complicated by a TOC. We conclude that it is appropriate in women with this stage of PID to treat initially with clindamycin and an aminoglycoside. In addition, since more than half of the women will suffer reproductive difficulties, efforts to improve early diagnosis and therapy should continue. Based on our data, an early infertility evaluation is indicated in women wishing to conceive after complicated PID.
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PMID:Reproductive outcome after medical management of complicated pelvic inflammatory disease. 316 91

The Microtox assay and various parameters (growth, ATP concentration and electrochemical detection) of Escherichia coli were used to assess the toxicity of various levels of granular activated carbon treated coal gasification process water. The generation time of E. coli was statistically significantly slower at the level of 50 percent treatment than any other level of treatment. No differences were seen for ATP concentration per cell or in the electrochemical detection methods for any level treatment. There was a very high correlation between total organic carbon removal by GAC treatment and reduction in toxicity as measured by the Microtox system. However, even the treated water which had 91 percent of the TOC removed was still highly toxic.
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PMID:Toxicity of granular activated carbon treated coal gasification water as determined by the Microtox test and Escherichia coli. 351 64

A review of the available and potential tracers of the movement and distribution of sewage sludge ('sludge') in and on marine sediments is presented. A brief review of 'active' sludge tracers is followed by a more extensive review of 'passive' sludge tracers. These can be broken down into five categories: Natural organic components of sludge--organic carbon, faecal steroids, carbohydrate/TOC ratio, tomato seeds. Synthetic organic compounds--silicones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, non-ionic surfactants and their degradation products, linear alkylbenzenes. Stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur. Inorganic substances and their properties--minerals, paint pigments, trace elements, magnetic properties. Biological/Microbiological--faecal bacteria, Clostridium welchii spores, amoebae, viruses, nitrogen-fixing enterobacteriaceae. A wide variety of sludge tracers are available with the choice of suitable tracers in an individual situation governed by the available equipment and expertise, cost considerations, ease of sampling requirements and determination, and the nature of other pollutant inputs in the vicinity of the input of interest. Ideally, the sludge tracers chosen should be unique to the input of interest, but this will rarely be achievable in practice. In areas of gross sludge contamination, a marine geophysical survey technique can be used to delineate the area affected and this provides a rapid cost-effective method for large areas.
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PMID:Tracers of sewage sludge in the marine environment: a review. 352 89


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