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 2,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The field of optogenetics has been successfully used to understand the mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases through the precise spatial and temporal control of specific groups of neurons in a neural circuitry. However, it remains a great challenge to integrate optogenetic modulation with electrophysiological and behavioral read out methods as a means to explore the causal, temporally precise, and behaviorally relevant interactions of neurons in the specific circuits of freely behaving animals. In this study, an eight-channel chronically implantable optrode array was fabricated and modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)-poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer networks (PEDOT/PSS-PVA/PAA IPNs) for improving the optrode-neural tissue interface. The conducting polymer-hydrogel IPN films exhibited a significantly higher capacitance and lower electrochemical impedance at 1 kHz as compared to unmodified optrode sites and showed significantly improved mechanical and electrochemical stability as compared to pure conducting polymer films. The cell attachment and neurite outgrowth of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells on the IPN films were clearly observed through calcein-AM staining. Furthermore, the optrode arrays were chronically implanted into the hippocampus of SD rats after the lentiviral expression of synapsin-ChR2-EYFP, and light-evoked, frequency-dependant action potentials were obtained in freely moving animals. The electrical recording results suggested that the modified optrode arrays showed significantly reduced impedance and RMS noise and an improved SNR as compared to unmodified sites, which may have benefited from the improved electrochemical performance and biocompatibility of the deposited IPN films. All these characteristics are greatly desired in optogenetic applications, and the fabrication method of conducting polymer-hydrogel IPNs can be easily integrated with other modification methods to build a more advanced optrode-neural tissue interface.
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PMID:Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)-poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer networks for improving optrode-neural tissue interface in optogenetics. 2201 84

This work demonstrates effective performance improvement by simultaneous manipulating of the hole injection and electron transport layers for (4s,6s)-2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) based green thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A 3 wt% sorbitol doped PEDOT:PSS layer results in the highest maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 28.28 cd A-1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.04%. Single carrier devices denote that hole mobility gradually rises with the sorbitol ratio. The electroluminescence mainly originates from the emission of 4CzIPN. Atomic force microscopy images imply that 3 wt% sorbitol doped PEDOT:PSS film includes the largest PEDOT aggregate, which contributes to a higher electric conductivity thus the better performance of 3 wt% sorbitol doped device. Also the 4CzIPN ratio in the emissive layer was optimized, and 4 wt%-4CzIPN in CBP achieves the highest EQE of 20.99% and CEmax of 34.99 cd A-1. The EL spectrum is independent of the luminous angle at a low 4CzIPN ratio but becomes more sensitive to the luminous angle at a high 4CzIPN ratio. Finally, we find out that the TADF OLED performance is very sensitive to TPBi thickness ranging from 20 nm to 65 nm, and 40 nm of TPBi achieves a CEmax up to 64.10 cd A-1 and an excellent EQE of 25.14%, ascribing from its more balanced carrier transport.
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PMID:Highly efficient green TADF organic light-emitting diodes by simultaneously manipulating hole and electron transport. 3055 65