Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1832526 (PCC)
 5,967 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of autoimmune diseases may be influenced by hormonal, immunomodulatory, and metabolic pathways. Prolactin (PRL), ferritin, vitamin D, and the tumor marker tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were measured in autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune thyroid diseases, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) was detected in 24% of PM patients, in 21% of SLE patients, in 6.7% of MS patients, 6% of RA patients, and in 3% of SSc patients. Hyperferritinemia was detected in 23% of SLE patients, 15% of DM patients, 8% of MS patients, and 4% of RA patients. The patients had relatively low levels of 25 OH Vitamin D: the average results (mean +/- SD) were between 9.3 +/- 4.4 to 13.7 +/- 7.1 ng/mL in the different diseases, while the 25 OH Vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/mL are regarded as deficient. TPA levels were in the same range of the controls, elevated only in SLE. HPRL, hyperferritinemia, hypovitaminosis D, and TPA levels did not correlate with SLE activity elevated levels of rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP antibodies in RA. HPRL, hyperferritinemia, and hypovitaminosis D have different immunological implications in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases. Preventive treatment with vitamin D or therapy for HPRL with dopamine agonists, may be considered in certain cases. Hyperferritinemia may be used as an acute-phase reactant marker in autoimmune diseases mainly SLE. TPA may be used to indicate the tendency for malignancies.
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PMID:Novel biomarkers in autoimmune diseases: prolactin, ferritin, vitamin D, and TPA levels in autoimmune diseases. 1778 27

This study aimed to qualitatively assess individuals' attitudes toward genetic testing for cancer risk after genetic counseling and decision support. As part of a larger study, 78 women considering genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk and 22 individuals considering genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) completed an open-ended table of their perceived pros and cons of genetic testing. The most frequently reported pros were "to help manage my risk of developing cancer," "to help my family," and "to know my cancer risk." With regards to risk management, the HBOC group perceived genetic testing as most helpful in informing their general risk management practices, while the HN-PCC group focused on the potential to clarify their need for bowel cancer screening, suggesting that patients' perceptions of the benefits of genetic testing may differ across cancer syndromes. Individuals in both groups expressed concern about the potential psychological impact of genetic testing. We also found that some affected individuals may not fully comprehend the meaning of their potential test results. Eliciting patients' perceived pros and cons during genetic counseling is likely to be a valuable tool for improving patient care. This data also provides an improved evidence base for the development of patient education tools.
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PMID:Attitudes toward genetic testing for cancer risk after genetic counseling and decision support: a qualitative comparison between hereditary cancer types. 1829 57

Cellular radiosensitivity, assessed by loss of clonogenicity, has been shown to correlate with the number of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations. Also an increased radiosensitivity by hyperthermia has been shown to correlate with an increase in chromosomal aberrations. Therefore, determination of the number of chromosomal aberrations might be used as an assay to predict the radiosensitivity of tumors pre-treated with hyperthermia at clinically relevant temperatures. The use of premature chromosome condensation combined with fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PCC-FISH) has been shown to be clinically applicable. Therefore, the use of chromosomal aberrations as determined with PCC-FISH for the prediction of hyperthermia-induced radio-sensitization in human tumor cells was investigated. Confluent cultures of SW-1573 (human lung carcinoma) and RKO (human colorectal carcinoma) cells were treated with 1 h 41 degrees C or 43 degrees C hyperthermia prior to gamma-irradiation. Clonogenic cell survival and induction of chromosomal aberrations (unrejoined chromosomal fragments and translocations), by PCC-FISH, were studied at 24 h after treatment. Pre-treatment with hyperthermia at 41 degrees C for 1 h enhanced the radiosensitivity of RKO cells but not of SW-1573 cells. Increasing the temperature to 43 degrees C for 1 h enhanced the radiosensitivity of SW-1573 cells. When radio-sensitization was observed, a significant increase in the number of unrejoined chromosomal fragments was found but the frequency of translocations was not increased. Hyperthermia-induced radio-sensitization is correlated with an increase in unrejoined chromosomal fragments. This suggests that determination of the number of chromosomal fragments after hyperthermia and radiation treatment might be used for the prediction of combined treatment response in cancer patients.
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PMID:Chromosome fragments have the potential to predict hyperthermia-induced radio-sensitization in two different human tumor cell lines. 1841 79

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), which accounts for about 3-5% of all new cancers, is a challenging heterogeneous entity with an unmet research need. Traditionally, CUP has been managed with broad-spectrum chemotherapy, but with the increasing availability of sophisticated diagnostic techniques and the emergence of new treatments that have been shown to be effective in specific cancers the one-treatment-fits-all approach to CUP might eventually no longer be valid. CUP in association with a colon-cancer profile (CCP-CUP) is an example of an emerging, specific CUP subset that seems to benefit from a tailored approach. CCP-CUP is identified by CK20 and CDX2-positive and CK7-negative immunohistochemistry and a clinical course consistent with that of patients known to have metastatic colon cancer. Our findings suggest that patients with CCP-CUP derive substantial benefit from the use of specific treatments developed for colon cancer and larger clinical trials are warranted to more definitely test this finding. In the era of molecular profiling, we expect that additional work with CCP-CUP and other CUP subsets will provide attractive tailored treatment alternatives, with efficacies that exceed the current one-treatment-fits-all approach.
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PMID:Carcinoma of unknown primary with a colon-cancer profile-changing paradigm and emerging definitions. 1851 Sep 91

A convenient, sensitive, and label-free method to determine the DNA methylation status of CpG sites of plasmid and human colon cancer cell has been developed. The system relies on highly selective single base extension reaction and significant optical amplification of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CCP-1). The higher fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency between CCP-1 and fluorescein-labeled dGTP (dGTP-Fl) is correlated to the incorporation of dGTP-Fl into the probe DNA by single base extension reaction when the target/probe pair is complementary at the methylation site. As low as 1% methylation status can be determined by this new assay method. Because of the optical amplification property of CCP-1, the method exhibited high sensitivity with a concentration of analyte DNA at the picomolar level. The CCP-1 can form a complex with negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interactions, avoiding labeling the DNA target and probe by covalent linking. The isolation steps employed in other typical assays were avoided to simplify operations and increase repeatability. These features make the system promising for future use for early cancer diagnosis.
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PMID:Fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte as an indicator for convenient detection of DNA methylation. 1867 97

The construction of the shuttle, expression vector of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) gene and its expression in a cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was reported. The 700-bp hTNF cDNA fragments have been recovered from plasmid pRL-rhTNF, then inserted downstream of the promoter PpsbA in the plasmid pRL439. The resultant intermediary plasmid pRL-TC has further been combined with the shuttle vector pDC-8 to get the shuttle, expression vector pDGTNF. The expression of the rhTNF gene in Escherichia coli has been analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer scanning, and the results show that the expressed TNF protein with these two vectors is 16.9 percent (pRL-TC) and 15.0 percent (pDC-TNF) of the total proteins in the cells, respectively, while the expression level of TNF gene in plasmid pRL-rhTNF is only 11.8 percent. Combined with the participation of the conjugal and helper plasmids, pDC-TNF has been introduced into Anabaena sp PCC 7120 by triparental conjugative transfer, and the stable transgenic strains have been obtained. The existence of the introduced plasmid pDC-TNF in recombinant cyanobacterial cells has been demonstrated by the results of the agarose electrophoresis with the extracted plasmid samples and Southern blotting with alpha-(32)P labeled hTNF cDNA probes, while the expression of the hTNF gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has been confirmed by the results of Western blotting with extracted protein samples and human TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies. The cytotoxicity assays using the mouse cancer cell line L929 proved the cytotoxicity of the TNF in the crude extracts from the transgenic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120.
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PMID:Construction of shuttle, expression vector of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) gene and its expression in a cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. 1872 94

The JAK2 [V617F] mutation has recently been recognised as critical to the pathogenesis of the myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Thus, a common mutation affecting a haematopoietic precursor stem cell is capable of giving rise to diverse clinical phenotypes. In this hypothesis paper, we propose that a similar mutation affecting a stem cell precursor, most likely of the B cell lineage, could underlie the development of the connective tissue disorders which could be regarded as "lymphoproliferative" disorders. Consistent with this hypothesis is the observation that there are similarities between the myeloproliferative disorders and the connective tissue disorders in terms of their biological behaviour. Diseases within each family can transform into each other and sometimes into haematological malignancies (most often B cell origin non-Hodgkins lymphoma for the connective tissue disorders and acute myeloid leukemia for the myeloproliferative disorders). The timecourse for development of the connective tissue disorders involves a long latent period when autoantibodies are present (anti-CCP and ANA) possibly reflecting production by a B cell clone. A similar time-dependent increase in clonal dominance has been described in erythroblastic clones taken from the bone marrow of polycythemia vera patients, long before the onset of clinical disease. Evidence of B cell clonality has been described in bone marrow samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and from glandular biopsies from those with Sjogren's syndrome. Moreover, pseudofollicles containing activated B cells are features of rheumatoid synovial membrane and have also recently been described in subchondral bone where they are associated with macrophages, T cells and osteoclasts. The success of B cell depletion therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus is also strong circumstantial evidence for this hypothesis.
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PMID:Will Jill come tumbling after? The case for a JAK2-type mutation as a prequel to the connective tissue disorders. 1948 42

Neoplasms may present as rheumatic disorders. Some of these rheumatologic manifestations may be paraneoplastic and can clinically and serologically mimic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report the case of a patient who initially presented with an asymmetrical, rapid onset polyarthritis. It resembled atypical RA with positive rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. A good response to steroid therapy was noted. A few weeks later, he was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer that resulted in his mortality. His clinical course suggested that his rheumatic symptoms were a paraneoplastic manifestation of his underlying malignancy. Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies have not been previously described in cancer polyarthritis. Awareness of this atypical, seropositive RA-like syndrome may prompt clinicians to investigate for an underlying malignancy.
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PMID:Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positive paraneoplastic polyarthritis in a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer. 1988 19

A 45-year-old female presented to the rheumatology clinic with complaint of pain and swelling of multiple small joints of the hands and feet. She also complained of cough and shortness of breath onset around the same time. Since her cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor tests were positive, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was diagnosed and she was started on prednisone with plans for additional disease modifying therapy. Chest X-ray showed a small right pleural effusion. While additional pulmonary evaluation was being planned, a few weeks later she presented with dyspnea, fever and tachycardia. Spiral CT showed pulmonary emboli and increased pleural effusion and patient was started on anticoagulation. A chest tube was placed and exudative pleural effusion was drained. Cytology sample from bronchoscopy raised concerns for adenocarcinoma. Open lung biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient died of lung cancer in the hospital 8 weeks from her diagnosis of RA. We describe a case of paraneoplastic polyarthritis with positive anti-CCP antibody test which has not been reported before. We also review the literature on paraneoplastic arthritis which has been described in association with various other malignancies besides lung cancer.
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PMID:Report of anti-CCP antibody positive paraneoplastic polyarthritis and review of the literature. 2001 60

In Japan, a pain relief for terminally ill cancer patients has been improved greatly in the past twenty years owing to the appearance of several new opioids and manuals available, loosening the usage of opioids legally, and so on. Medical institutions including clinics which are involved in home palliative care have the knowledge and techniques in certain levels. Sixity-seven percent of such institutions have the ability to carry out the continuous subcutaneous morphine injection. Though very few, certain clinics can do the continuous subarachnoid morphine injection using subcutaneous indwelling port. Considering that home palliative care including pain control required a professional knowledge and techniques, it is necessary to establish a new system in the district which enables to provide the palliative care of high quality by a team in which palliative care clinic or PCC exists as the main medical center.
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PMID:[Present status and issues of pain palliation in Japan]. 2044 83


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