Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1762617 (weakness)
 37,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a hereditary disease characterized by a defect in the excision-repair mode of ultraviolet light damage and a high incidence of skin tumors. Cultured fibroblasts from normal and XP cells at low population doubling times were compared by induction of mild spreading of their nuclear constituents in a highly alkaline solution containing detergent and formaldehyde. In each XP culture a certain fraction (10-80%) of the nuclei were abnormal (50-80% in cell lines from children with XP-C disorders and 10-35% from embryonic and adult XP cells). Although their chromatin threads appeared normal in structure, they were separated by intervals up to 5 times the normal spacing. In all XP cells having this abnormal spacing in the chromatin, fibrils of nucleolar origin were approximately doubled in thickness, denser and less tufted, and nucleolar granules were few and dispersed. We suggest that this study reveals an abnormal weakness of the chromatin in some XP cells which results in the breakage of some DNA fibers in our preparative alkaline conditions. This weakness may be related to single-stranded breaks induced by metabolism of a high level of active oxygen species. These nuclear changes in XP cells are similar to those which have been associated with normal or pathologic senescence.
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PMID:Chromatin and nucleolar changes in Xeroderma pigmentosum cells resemble aging-related nuclear events. 291 Dec 72

Formaldehyde is but one of many chemicals capable of causing the tight building syndrome or environmentally induced illness (EI). The spectrum of symptoms it may induce includes attacks of headache, flushing, laryngitis, dizziness, nausea, extreme weakness, arthralgia, unwarranted depression, dysphonia, exhaustion, inability to think clearly, arrhythmia or muscle spasms. The nonspecificity of such symptoms can baffle physicians from many specialties. Presented herein is a simple office method for demonstrating that formaldehyde is among the etiologic agents triggering these symptoms. The very symptoms that patients complain of can be provoked within minutes, and subsequently abolished, with an intradermal injection of the appropriate strength of formaldehyde. This injection aids in convincing the patient of the cause of the symptoms so he can initiate measures to bring his disease under control.
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PMID:Diagnosing the tight building syndrome. 344 98

In aortic aneurysm tissues, macrophages and their secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are playing important role for tissue degeneration. Some studies have shown that weakening of the mechanical properties of the degenerated tissues may progress the expansion of the aneurysm. However, actual measurement of the mechanical properties has not been investigated at microscopic level. The objective of the present study is to assess the mechanical properties of aortic aneurysm tissues by measuring acoustic properties by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). Twenty-one cases of aortic aneurysm including renal and common iliac aneurysm tissues were surgically excised. Each tissue was fixed by 4% formaldehyde and the specimens were treated as (1) picrosirius red staining for normal and polarized light microscopy, (2) CD68 staining for macrophage detection, and (3) no staining for acoustic microscopy. A specially developed SAM system operating in the frequency range of 100-200 MHz, was employed in the measurement. Images of amplitude and phase are obtained in a field of 2x2 mm. The intima was mainly consisted of degenerated collagen without polarization of picrosirius red staining. Macrophages stained by CD68 were observed near the degenerated collagen fibers. The sound speed was 1567 m/s in the intima, 1576 m/s in the media, 1640 m/s in the adventitia, respectively. Infiltration of macrophages showed higher values of attenuation and sound speed than the surrounding tissues. The sound speed of the intima was significantly lower than our previous measurement of atherosclerotic aorta without aneurismal change. As the tissue elasticity is closely correlated with the sound speed, the elasticity of the intima was considered to be lower in aneurysm tissues. This mechanical weakness may contribute to the expansion of the diameter of the aneurysm. Acoustic microscopy provided important data for assessing tissue mechanical properties of abdominal aneurysm.
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PMID:Acoustic properties of aortic aneurysm obtained with scanning acoustic microscopy. 1504 69

Quinoxaline-2, 3-dione obtained from cyclocondensation reaction of o-phenylene diamine with oxalic acid was reacted with three different ketones and formaldehyde to give the corresponding Mannich bases in satisfactory yield. Their structures were confirmed by using (1)H NMR, IR, and mass analysis. In pharmacological evaluation, the synthesized compounds showed its curative effect against ethidium-bromide-induced demyelination in rats. For the purpose, different screening methods such as open field exploratory behavior test, rota rod test, grip strength test, beam walk test, and photo actometer test were performed. Ethidium bromide induction showed muscle weakness; muscle discoordination; loss of locomotor activity, and so forth, the synthesized drugs reversed all the above-mentioned neuromuscular disorders caused by ethidium bromide administration.
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PMID:Synthesis and neuropharmacological evaluation of some novel quinoxaline 2, 3-dione derivatives. 2264 14

Seeds of Kupeelu (Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.), a known poisonous drug, is used extensively in various Ayurvedic formulations with great therapeutic significance. Ayurveda recommends the administration of Kupeelu only after passing through specific purificatory procedures in different media like cow's urine (Go mutra), cow's milk (Go dugdha), cow's ghee (Go ghrita), Kanji (thin gruel) etc. Strychnos nux vomica seeds are extensively advocated for nervous debility, paralysis, and weakness of limbs, sexual weakness, dyspepsia, and dysentery and in rheumatism where it can be assumed that besides other properties, Kupeelu may have some sort of anti-inflammatory activity too. In the present study, the powder of raw and processed Kupeelu seeds (processed / purified with Kanji i.e sour gruel) as test drugs were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by employing Carrageenan and Formaldehyde induced hind paw oedema in Wistar strain albino rats at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg body weight orally. This study reveals that both raw and purified Kupeelu showed presence of highly significant anti-inflammatory activity against formaldehyde induced hind paw oedema, but did not have similar activity against Carrageenan induced hind paw oedema.
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PMID:A comparative anti-inflammatory activity of raw and processed Kupeelu (Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.) seeds on albino rats. 2328 9

Several types of liquid membrane and solid-state reference electrodes based on different plastics were fabricated. In the membranes studied, equitransferent organic (QB) and inorganic salts (KCl) are dispersed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), as well as remelted KCl in order to show the matrix impact on the reference membranes' behavior. The comparison of potentiometic performance was made using specially designed standardized testing protocols. A problem in the reference electrode research and literature has been a lack of standardized testing, which leads to difficulties in comparing different types, qualities, and properties of reference electrodes. Herein, several protocols were developed to test the electrodes' performance with respect to stability over time, pH sensitivity, ionic strength, and various ionic species. All of the prepared reference electrodes performed well in at least some respect and would be suitable for certain applications as described in the text. Most of the reference types, however, demonstrated some weakness that had not been previously highlighted in the literature, due in large part to the lack of exhaustive and/or consistent testing protocols.
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PMID:Reference Electrodes with Polymer-Based Membranes-Comprehensive Performance Characteristics. 3179 15

Medicinal Chemistry has played a critical role in evolving new products, resources and processes which inexorably correspond to our high standards of living. Unfortunately, this has also caused deterioration of human health and threats to the global environment, even deaths when highly exposed to certain chemicals, whether due to improper use, mishandling or disposal. There are chemicals, which apart from being carcinogens, endocrine disruptors or neurotoxins, are also responsible for climate change and ozone depletion. Certain chemicals are known to cause neurotoxicity and are having tendencies to damage the central and peripheral nervous system or brain by damaging neurons or cells which are responsible for transmitting and processing of signals. This has raised serious concerns for the use and handling of such chemicals and has given growth to a relatively new emerging field known as Green Chemistry that strives to achieve sustainability at the molecular level and has an ability to harness chemicals to meet environmental and economic goals. It has been reported in the literature that apart from family history in the aetiology of Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also termed as "Lou Gehrig's disease", a neurological disorder, environmental factors, heavy metals, particularly selenium, lead, mercury, cadmium, formaldehyde, pesticides and certain herbicides are known to cause ALS. ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease affects the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, causing muscular weakness, spasticity, and hyperreflexia. In this article we are aiming to discuss and summarize the various corroborations and findings supporting the undesirable role of chemical substance/herbicides/pesticides in ALS aetiology and its mitigation by adopting green chemistry.
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PMID:Denouement of Chemicals on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Is Green Chemistry the Answer. 3228 7