Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1762617 (weakness)
 37,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A ferret with clinical and laboratory signs of hypoglycemia was found at surgery to have a beta cell tumor of the pancreas. There had been recurrent episodes of weakness, ataxia, dehydration, and hypothermia. A fasting blood glucose content was 43 mg/dl and the amended insulin/glucose ratio was 362.5. The tumor was removed, yet hypoglycemia persisted postoperatively. Clinical signs related to hypoglycemia did not recur following application of medical treatment and frequent feedings. The histologic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that which has been seen in other species.
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PMID:Pancreatic beta cell tumor in a ferret. 609 38

Data from 5 studies recently conducted in Bangladesh regarding dizziness as a major side effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use were reviewed. The Bangladeshi women describe dizziness as "Mata gurai" (headspinning), a sensation of rotary motion unaccompanied by nausea or vomiting. It appears to mimic the characteristics of postural hypotension rather than true vertigo and is often associated with generalized weakness. Both dizziness and weakness were cited by a large proportion of women in study A as reasons for discontinuation, and the 2 symptoms were often linked. Burning sensations, usually in the extremities, also proved to be a frequent cause of discontinuation. In study B, except for dizziness, there was no significant difference between women continuing OC use and those who had stopped use. The incidence of dizziness reported by discontinuers was significantly higher than that reported by continuing users. The case-control health survey used in study C corroborated the view that some complaints associated with OC use were equally common in nonusers, but the incidence of dizziness and eye problems was significantly higher in OC users than in both matched control groups. There were no significant associations found between dizziness and hemoglobin levels or blood pressure in study D. Of those women who took multiple vitamin capsules in study E, 57% reported a lessening of dizzinesss, compared with 69% who received glucose capsules.
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PMID:Dizziness associated with discontinuation of oral contraceptives in Bangladesh. 610 46

The patient, a 31-year-old woman, suffered from a weakness of the proximal muscles which subsequently worsened involving the spinal and neck muscles. During the hospitalization, the patient displayed a "burning feet" syndrome. Lab tests showed a moderate increase in CPK, Aldolase, SGPT, SGOT, lactic and pyruvic acids. Needle EMG was interpreted as "myopathic" but a marked reduction of sensitive action potentials was also detected. Muscle biopsy showed neutral lipid accumulation in muscle fibers, many small angular fibers, probably denervated ones were also evident. A liver biopsy showed fatty accumulation in hepatocytes. Free carnitine was extremely reduced in muscle and liver and just below normal level in plasma while there was a tenfold elevation of long-chain carnitine esters in plasma too. The mechanism by which carnitine deficiency can cause both neural and muscular alterations and in particular the role of carnitine in glucose metabolism is discussed.
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PMID:Systemic carnitine deficiency with peripheral nerve involvement morphological and biochemical study. 626 16

Malnourished surgical patients have metabolic and functional abnormalities of skeletal muscle and it has been suggested that these are due to reduced activities of glycolytic enzymes associated with abnormalities of muscle fibres. We have measured the activities of four key enzymes of glucose utilization and the size and distribution of muscle fibre types in vastus lateralis biopsies from 14 undernourished patients awaiting surgery (mean weight loss 24 +/- 10 per cent). These results were compared with those from 14 normally nourished controls, comparable in age, sex, race and habitual activity. Fructose bisphosphatase activity was reduced in undernourished patients by 44 per cent (P less than 0.01), phosphofructokinase by 40 per cent (P = 0.005) and hexokinase by 37 per cent (P less than 0.001). Both fibre types were smaller in patients than controls (area I, 41.4 micron2 X 10(-2) +/- 0.4 vs. 73.3 micron2 X 10(-2) +/- 0.6, less than 0.001; area II, 27.7 micron2 X 10(-2) +/- 0.4 vs. 72.5 micron2 X 10(-2) +/- 0.5, P less than 0.001), and there was a smaller proportional number of type II fibres in patients (35 per cent vs. 65 per cent, P less than 0.01). This loss of type II fibre numbers and preferential type II atrophy may account for the enzyme depression associated with it and could produce the syndrome of impaired glucose tolerance, muscle weakness and fatigue seen in undernourished patients. In a subgroup of 11 patients, biopsy was repeated after 14 days of intravenous nutrition. Only phosphofructokinase activity rose significantly (19.62 +/- 1.85 to 30.74 +/- 2.99 mumol min-1 g-1, P less than 0.01) and both type II fibre size (40.6 +/- 18.5 to 47.4 micron2 +/- 20.3 X 10(-2), P less than 0.05) and number (42 per cent +/- 6 to 56 per cent +/- 5, P less than 0.05) also rose. Intravenous nutrition may therefore increase maximum glycolytic rate and improve muscle function in undernourished surgical patients.
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PMID:Abnormalities of muscle metabolism and histology in malnourished patients awaiting surgery: effects of a course of intravenous nutrition. 632 97

Of cases of hyperadrenocorticism in small animals 80-85% are the result of adrenocortical hyperplasia. Middle-aged or older Poodles, Dachshunds, Boston Terriers and Boxers are most commonly affected, and cats rarely. Clinical signs include polydipsia, polyuria, alopecia, abdominal distension, lethargy, weakness, hepatomegaly, calcinosis cutis, testicular atrophy and anestrus. Hematologic and biochemical changes may include neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinopenia, increased blood levels of alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, cholesterol, Na and glucose, and decreased K and T4 levels. The high-dosage dexamethasone suppression test helps differentiate pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism from that caused by adrenal tumors. The low-dosage dexamethasone suppression test, determination of plasma ACTH levels, and ACTH response test are additional diagnostic aids in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Medical treatment involves oral use of mitotane (o,p'-DDD) at 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days and prednisone or prednisolone at 0.05 mg/kg/day. Hypophysectomy has been used with only 5% mortality in cases of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenalectomy is indicated in cases of adrenal neoplasia.
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PMID:Diseases of the adrenal cortex of dogs and cats. 633 May 21

Injection of trifluoperazine (TFP) to rats induced a significant rise in the level of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (Glc-1,6-P2) in muscle. This increase in Glc-1,6-P2, the potent activator of phosphofructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, was accompanied by a marked activation of both enzymes, when assayed in the absence of exogenous Glc-1,6-P2 under conditions in which these enzymes are sensitive to regulation by endogenous Glc-1,6-P2. Glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase (the enzyme that degrades Glc-1,6-P2) was markedly inhibited following the injection of TFP, which may account for the rise in the Glc-1,6-P2 level. Previous results from this laboratory have revealed that muscle damage or weakness is characterized by a decrease in Glc-1,6-P2 levels, leading to a marked reduction in the activities of phosphoglucomutase and phosphofructokinase (the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis). The present results suggest that TFP treatment may have a beneficial effect on the depressed glycolysis in muscle weakness or damage.
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PMID:Increase in glucose 1,6-bisphosphate levels, activation of phosphofructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, and inhibition of glucose 1,6-bisphosphatase in muscle induced by trifluoperazine. 633 22

This study, carried out in three centers in the United States, investigated the antihypertensive effect of three dosages of indapamide in 87 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The dosages studied were 1 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg daily. A double-blind, parallel study design was used with a six-week placebo run-in period followed by an eight-week treatment period and a two-week follow-up period. Compared with placebo, all dosages caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in blood pressure, with an average decrease of approximately 6 mmHg diastolic and 13 mmHg systolic. The antihypertensive effect seemed to be fully manifest after six weeks of treatment. At all dosage levels, indapamide produced markedly greater therapeutic success rates than did the placebo. Success was defined as either a standing phase-5 diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg or a decrease by at least 10 mmHg from baseline. Although the decrease in mean serum potassium concentration was dose-related, the decrease was not clinically significant with any dose. A reduction in serum chloride and increases in serum uric acid and glucose were also observed. These changes were slight and did not cause the discontinuation of treatment for any patient. The most frequently observed side effects were mild to moderately severe dizziness, weakness, and headaches.
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PMID:Multicenter dose-response study of the effect of indapamide in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. 634 86

A boy, now 22 months old, is described who presented at the age of 6 weeks with hypoglycaemic coma. The excretion pattern of organic acids in the urine was consistent with glutaric aciduria type II (GA II). A high energy diet low in fat and protein was given. Treatment with riboflavine resulted in an improvement of the metabolite profile, and the patient gained weight. However, a tendency to hypoglycaemia and severe hypotonia persisted. Due to muscle weakness, aggravated by infections, artificial ventilation was necessary during three periods. Serum carnitine level was low. Treatment with carnitine, started during the third period of artificial ventilation, led to some improvement of muscle strength, but he still could not breathe without support. Treatment with insulin, combined with further enrichment of the diet with glucose, resulted in an increase in muscular strength and in weight gain. Thirteen families with GA II have been described upto now. This is the first patient with a severe form of the disorder wo has survived the 1st year of life. Treatment and metabolic studies are presented.
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PMID:Glutaric aciduria type II: treatment with riboflavine, carnitine and insulin. 639 38

Acute attacks of weakness in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis can usually be treated with oral potassium preparations. Occasional patients, however, require intravenous (IV) potassium administration. We studied a patient with hypokalemic periodic paralysis to determine the effect of using 5% glucose as a diluent for potassium administration during acute attacks of weakness. Administration of IV potassium chloride in 5% glucose (50 mEq/L) was associated with a worsening of strength and no rise in potassium level. Intravenous potassium in 5% mannitol was associated with a rise in potassium and improvement in strength. This study confirms the hazard of using glucose-containing solutions for correction of hypokalemia.
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PMID:Intravenous treatment of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. 641 69

Chronic treatment of rats with dithiobiuret (DTB) produces a delayed onset muscle weakness and, as suggested by a preliminary study, a distal axonopathy. An inhibition of glycolysis resulting in an energy deficit has been suggested as a possible mechanism of neurotoxin-induced distal axonopathies. To determine whether chronic DTB administration (1 mg/kg/day X 7 days; sacrificed on Day 7) might be associated with a perturbation of glucose metabolism in neuronal tissues, lactate production was measured in brain and spinal cord homogenates prepared from rats which exhibited hindlimb skeletal muscle weakness. Kinetic and statistical analysis showed that glucose-dependent lactate production in these homogenates was not different from that of controls. Lactate production was also determined in brain homogenates prepared from rats intoxicated with acrylamide (50 mg/kg/day X 9 days; sacrificed on Day 9), p-bromophenylacetylurea (200 mg/kg/day X 2 days; sacrificed on Day 14) or 2,5-hexanedione (400 mg/kg/day X 21 days; sacrificed on Day 21). The results indicated that whereas 2,5-hexanedione produced a slight decrease in Vmax, acrylamide and p-bromophenylacetylurea did not cause changes in glucose-dependent lactate production. These findings do not support the suggestion that an inhibition of glycolysis represents a common biochemical lesion associated with neurotoxins which cause delayed onset muscle weakness and distal axonopathy.
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PMID:Glucose-dependent lactate production by homogenates of neuronal tissues prepared from rats treated with 2,4-dithiobiuret, acrylamide, p-bromophenylacetylurea and 2,5-hexanedione. 643 66


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