Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1762617 (weakness)
 37,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

What took place following the delivery of princess Charlotte of England's 4 000 gm stillborn infant? Two hours after manual removal of the placenta she suddenly developed malaise and weakness, followed by somnolence then agitation, with progressive worsening and death. Professor Dumont comments on the accounts describing this event at that time in history and offers a retrospective diagnosis.
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PMID:[The ill-fated delivery and death of Princess Charlotte of England 6 November 1817]. 388 68

The effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal male human subjects were investigated by use of the averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR), the latency of which is sensitively prolonged with the lowering of the arousal level. Four doses of ethyl loflazepate, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, and 8 mg, and a placebo were administered to each subject 30 min after lunch according to a double-blind, crossover design. Ethyl loflazepate prolonged both latencies of PPR in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curves for both latencies, derived from the maximum prolongation, showed a definite and linear dose-response relationship. The drug action occurred within 1 h, peaked at 2.5-3 h, and continued slightly even 4 h after medication. In the subjective assessments, vagueness of thought, sleepiness, and weakness were only slightly observed. These results suggest that ethyl loflazepate could be a potent hypnotic and/or anxiolytic which possesses a relatively rapid onset of action with moderate duration and has no severe side effects.
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PMID:Effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal humans assessed by the averaged photopalpebral reflex. 404 78

A double-blind crossover study was carried out in 68 demented elderly patients (mean age 77 years) to compare the hypnotic effects of chlormethiazole and nitrazepam. Chlormethiazole was administered as a 5% mixture (500 mg. chlormethiazole edisylate) in a 10 ml. dose: the corresponding single dose of nitrazepam was 10 mg. Treatment was discontinued in 6 patients and interrupted for from 1 to 3 days in a further 18 due to side-effects and 'hang-over' problems or because of intercurrent infections. Of these 24 drop-outs, 3 occurred during chlormethiazole treatment (1 severe 'hang-over'; 2 refused to take medication) and 21 during nitrazepam (15 severe 'hang-over' effects, including sleepiness and muscular weakness; 2 nausea; 4 intercurrent infection). Both preparations were equally effective as hypnotics, there being no noteworthy differences in time of onset or in duration of sleep. Of the 44 patients completing the trial without interuption, observations were carried out for 308 nights on each preparation. Chlormethiazole patients slept for more than 6 hours on 244 of the 308 nights without 'hang-over' effect the next day compared with 163 out of 308 nights of those on nitrazepam. The difference is statistically significant in favour of chlormethiazole. The high incidence of 'hang-over' effect during nitrazepam treatment indicates that a single 10 mg. dose is too large for use in the elderly. Overall assessment of treatment was made in 62 patients. Chlormethiazole was judged to be the most suitable drug in 37, nitrazepam in 11, and both preparations equally useful in the remaining 14 patients. This difference is statistically significant.
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PMID:A comparison between chlormethiazole and nitrazepam as hypnotics in psycho-geriatric patients. 461 6

A self-administered symptom questionnaire was completed by 477 patients in a hypertension clinic. The complaints of the patients were analysed according to the type of therapy being given and the dose of drug taken. Methyldopa therapy was associated with sleepiness, weakness of the limbs, sleeping longer at night, and rising more frequently at night to pass urine. Diarrhoea, impotence, failure of ejaculation, blurred vision, depression, and the symptoms of postural hypotension were not related to methyldopa therapy. Bethanidine administration was related to postural hypotension, impotence, and failure of ejaculation but not to weakness of the limbs, blurred vision, depression, or diarrhoea. Patients receiving guanethidine complained of postural hypotension, failure of ejaculation, and had their bowels open more frequently. Similarly, patients receiving propranolol had an increased frequency of defaecation but also tended to complain of weakness of the limbs.Considering each drug individually, 5% of patients failed to take the prescribed dose of diuretic whereas
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PMID:Side effects of hypotensive agents evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. 472 58

Centrally acting agents and the beta-adrenergic antagonists represent two classes of antihypertensive agents recommended for initial monotherapy. Comparisons of the efficacy and safety of the centrally acting agent, guanabenz, with those of propranolol and pindolol in patients with mild to moderately severe hypertension, are reported. In the guanabenz versus propranolol study, mean supine blood pressure decreased by 19/15 mm Hg for 44 guanabenz-treated patients and by 17/15 mm Hg for 52 propranolol-treated patients who completed 6 months of therapy. In the guanabenz versus pindolol study, the mean decrease in supine blood pressure was 17/14 mm Hg for the 12 patients treated with guanabenz and 21/15 mm Hg for the 13 patients who received pindolol and completed 2 months of therapy. If the patients who discontinued therapy for drug-related reasons are considered, the percentages of patients with clinically satisfactory blood pressure reductions were 59% for the guanabenz group versus 62% for the propranolol group and 79% for guanabenz-treated patients versus 64% for pindolol-treated patients. Although adverse effects, including dry mouth, drowsiness, and weakness, were more common among guanabenz-treated patients, these effects generally were mild and became less frequent with continued therapy. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of guanabenz were similar to those of the two beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, propranolol and pindolol. Guanabenz therapy decreased serum total cholesterol (p less than 0.05), whereas propranolol therapy decreased HDL cholesterol (p less than 0.05). Thus, guanabenz did not produce serum lipid abnormalities that may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of a centrally acting antihypertensive agent and beta-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of hypertension. 608 30

Psychomotor and psychologic effects of single doses of buspirone (10 and 20 mg) and lorazepam (2.5 mg) alone or combined with alcohol (1 gm/kg) were investigated in 12 healthy young men (crossover study). Lorazepam alone impaired psychomotor skills (tracking, body balance, extraocular muscle balance, and flicker recognition), the effects being maximal at 180 min. This impairment was not subjectively perceived by the subjects. Neither dose of buspirone alone impaired objective measurements, although buspirone, especially in the 20-mg dose, was felt to cause drowsiness, weakness, and faintness. Lorazepam, but not buspirone, interacted with alcohol.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol on buspirone and lorazepam actions. 612 34

alpha-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1- piperidinebutanol (terfenadine, RMI 9918, Triludan, Teldane, resp.) is a new histamine H1-receptor antagonist. In clinical trials, terfenadine has been studied extensively in adult patients and to a limited extent in children. Based on the results of the double-blind placebo controlled studies, the incidence of CNS depression (drowsiness, sleepiness, fatigue, weakness, lack of concentration, "fuzzy"/"blurred thinking") with doses of 120 mg/day or higher of terfenadine (12.6%) was similar to that of placebo (11.4%) while that of the comparative drugs such as chlorpheniramine (12 mg/day) or clemastine (2 mg/day) in these studies ranged from 22% to 26%. The incidences of all other side effects, including other CNS effects such as headache and stimulation with terfenadine and the other antihistamines were not different from those with placebo except for dryness of the nose, mouth or throat. Dryness was reported in a greater percentage of patients given clemastine (4.6%) or chlorpheniramine (4.5%) than in those given terfenadine (2.6%), d-chlorpheniramine (2.7%) or placebo (2.2%). It is concluded that the results of controlled clinical trials with terfenadine provide further evidence of the overall safety and lack of sedative effects of this drug.
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PMID:Terfenadine, safety and tolerance in controlled clinical trials. 612 74

A 17 year old high school boy experienced fever and diarrhea, which subsided within 4 days by appropriate medications. Six days later, however, he developed unsteadiness and limb spasm. On the morning of admission, he was found to have drowsiness, dysarthria, gait disturbance and involuntary jerks. When he was brought to the hospital, he was lethargic but could follow simple verbal commands. Frequent involuntary movements manifested by facial grimacings, limb spasms and twitchings with dystonic features were seen. Decorticate posturing was readily elicited by painful stimuli. There was no meningeal irritation sign or gross sensory impairment. The deep tendon reflexes were symmetrically exaggerated with bilateral Babinski signs. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle weakness was found together with mild ptosis and upward gaze limitation. Nystagmus was not present and the funduscopic examination was normal. Immediately he was placed on anticonvulsants, steroid hormone, gamma-globulin and antibiotics as well. A brain CT scan and a CSF examination revealed no abnormality. Meanwhile he continued to show a progressive deterioration associated with fever and status epilepticus, and within 24 hours he lapsed into coma in decorticate posture. An EEG obtained at the 3rd hospital day was compatible with spindle coma. In spite of aggressive treatment he remained febrile and comatous. Therefore, vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) was initiated from the 3rd hospital day for 5 days. Then he began to groan and show frequent choreic movements. For the subsequent 2 weeks he made a slow recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of brain stem encephalitis with complete recovery (Bickerstaff's encephalitis)]. 620 73

1. Beta dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (Benadryl) is a member of a new group of pharmacologically active antihistamine drugs. 2. Its use in amounts of 50 to 100 mg. given orally one to five times daily to a diverse group of 18 patients with both acute and chronic urticaria is reported. 3. Eleven patients experienced prompt relief of symptoms as long as the drug was taken. Three had definite and real improvement, and many of the wheals which did appear were not pruritic. Four patients were not benefited. 4. The drug has a wide margin of safety, and the only toxic manifestations noted were drowsiness and muscular aching (2 cases) and dizziness, weakness and vertigo (1 case). No cumulative toxic symptoms were noted in patients who ingested the drug as long as six or seven months. All toxic symptoms promptly disappeared when the drug was discontinued. 5. The effect is palliative, and in many patients the urticaria recurred when the administration of the drug was discontinued. 6. Since an antihistamine drug seems to be effective in controlling urticaria, it may be assumed that this is further indirect evidence that histamine is a factor in the production of urticaria.
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PMID:Centennial paper: Beta dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (benadryl) in treatment of urticaria by Arthur C. Curtis and Betty Brechner Owens. 634 40

A tablet form of nifedipine was given to eight hypertensive hospitalized men (Stage I or II WHO, 45 +/- 10 years old). After an initial placebo test, 20, 40, and 60 mg of nifedipine were given at 8.00 a.m. in random order at 72-hour intervals in a single administration double-blind crossover study. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured twice by the same observer every 20 minutes from 7.00 a.m. to 8.00 a.m. and then hourly until 8.00 p.m., first with the patients recumbent and again after 1 minute of standing. Plasma nifedipine levels were assayed in samples drawn hourly from 8.00 a.m. to noon, every 2 hours from noon to 8.00 p.m., and at 24 and 48 hours after drug ingestion. The three doses all lowered blood pressure significantly. The reduction during recumbency was significantly larger (-18%) and lasted longer (12 hours) after 60 mg than after 20 mg (-11% at 7 hours). The three doses caused similar increases in heart rate (+29% to +38%), the maximum occurring at the second hour and lasting for 5 hours. The peak plasma concentrations and areas under the plasma concentration time curve were dose-dependent; kinetics were linear between 20 and 60 mg, and the half-life of nifedipine tablets was close to 10 hours. The decrease in mean arterial blood pressure correlated strongly with plasma nifedipine levels (r = 0.61; n = 190; p less than 0.001). Four patients experienced mild side effects (headaches, flushes, drowsiness, or weakness). The tablet form of nifedipine had a potent antihypertensive action that lasted longer than that of the capsule formulation.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic studies of nifedipine tablet. Correlation with antihypertensive effects. 634 74


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