Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1762617 (weakness)
 37,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new patient with Leigh's syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy due to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency) is presented. A Turkish boy of consanguinously married healthy parents developed progressive muscle weakness since infancy. At the age of 3 years he was unable to sit, stand or walk. Clinical examination showed general muscle weakness, hypotonia, muscle hypotrophy, bilateral ptosis, partial bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, intention tremor and hypoactive tendon reflexes. The EEG showed diffuse slowing, the cerebral CT scan disclosed mild hydrocephalus e vacuo. Motor nerve conduction velocity was slightly decreased, the EMG revealed signs of neuropathy. In the biopsied muscle only a mild hypotrophy of type 2 fibres was found, no abnormal mitochondria could be detected. The sural nerve was slightly abnormal: loss of large myelinated axons, loss of unmyelinated nerves. CSF protein was elevated to 80 mg/dl, protein electrophoresis revealed the pattern of markedly impaired blood-CSF barrier. Serum lactate and pyruvate were permanently elevated. In the urine the excretion of alanine was raised. The clinical state deteriorated during intercurrent infections; somnolence, vomiting and Cheyne-Stoke's respiration occurred. At the age of 3 1/2 years the child died of pneumonia. In the liver tissue a decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was found. Neuropathological examination of the brain demonstrated wide-spread changes of Leigh's spongiform encephalopathy. Several enzyme deficiencies have hitherto been associated with Leigh's syndrome: This patients confirms earlier findings that a subgroup of Leigh's syndrome is caused by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency.
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PMID:[Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy due to decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex]. 312 26

A number of symptoms that appear to be associated with high blood pressure (headache, dizziness, epistaxis, tinnitus, weakness, drowsiness), and are usually regarded as secondary to hypertension or to antihypertensive drug therapy, were studied in 3858 elderly patients, 67.8% of whom were hypertensive. Of the hypertensive patients, 71.2% were under treatment. Headaches and dizziness were significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects (32.5 versus 27.4% and 41.5 versus 35.3%, respectively; P less than 0.05) and in treated compared with untreated hypertensives (33.3 versus 29.4% and 43.3 versus 37.1%; P less than 0.05). These differences disappeared after statistical correction for 'awareness of hypertension'. In multiple logistic analysis, female sex, age and awareness of hypertension were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of symptoms, whereas hypertension and antihypertensive treatment were not. We conclude that the presence of these symptoms does not constitute a reliable criterion for starting antihypertensive treatment or judging its efficacy.
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PMID:Prevalence of symptoms generally attributed to hypertension or its treatment: study on blood pressure in elderly outpatients (SPAA). 321 43

Two Scottish Deerhound puppies had clinical and pathological features consistent with the diagnosis of congenital non-goitrous hypothyroidism. They were from separate litters, but were the progeny of the same sire and dam. The puppies were smaller, had shorter limbs and shorter, broader heads than their littermates. They also had histories of weakness, difficulty in walking and somnolence. A characteristic radiographic feature was the absence of epiphyseal growth centres. Both had depressed serum thyroxine (T4) levels and one did not respond to exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone. On necropsy, the thyroid glands were small, the follicles varied in size and contained little or no colloid. The adenohypophysis contained many cells with markedly vacuolated cytoplasm. It is suggested that the clinicopathological pattern is the result of a primary thyroid abnormality. Possible mechanisms include either primary thyroid hypoplasia or an unresponsiveness to thyroid stimulating hormone.
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PMID:Congenital hypothyroidism in Scottish Deerhound puppies. 322 52

Tizanidine (Sirdalud) was compared to baclofen (Lioresal) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Each medication was introduced over a three week titration period and then maintained at the highest tolerated dose for five weeks. The two treatment phases were separated by a one week drug withdrawal and a two week washout period. Sixty-six patients entered the trial and forty-eight completed both treatment phases. At the end of the trial, neurologists and physiotherapists thought that baclofen was superior on the basis of perceived efficacy and tolerance (p less than or equal to 0.05). Although the efficacy of tizanidine or baclofen was judged as good to excellent by 24 and 39% of patients respectively, this difference was not statistically significant. Muscle weakness was the most common adverse effect. This was significantly more troublesome in patients treated with baclofen. Somnolence and xerostomia were more common in patients treated with tizanidine. Both baclofen and tizanidine appear to be useful adjuncts in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Preference of either drug is tempered principally by side-effects.
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PMID:Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. 334 56

The so-called Oriental flushing reaction associated with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by combined antihistamine administration. In stage one of the study, the flushing reaction to low doses of alcohol was produced in Orientals. Most subjects experienced a cutaneous flush, an increase in skin temperature, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness and nausea. Before the administration of alcohol, one-half of the subjects were given 50 mg of diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist) and 300 mg of cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist). The second half received placebo tablets. The clearest difference between the antihistamine group and placebo group was in the skin flushing reaction. The antihistamine group showed a significant reduction in the skin flush. The antihistamine also neutralized the systolic hypotension induced by the administration of alcohol. The possible importance of histamine in the expression of sensitivity to alcohol is considered. The relevance to genetic susceptibility for development of alcoholism is discussed.
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PMID:Antihistamine blockade of alcohol-induced flushing in orientals. 334 71

The anti-spastic effect of a new drug, tizanidine, was compared with that of baclofen in a double-blind clinical trial; 40 seriously handicapped patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were randomly allocated treatment with one or the other drug for a 6-week period. The antispastic effect was evaluated by clinical criteria. The optimal daily dose of both drugs varied considerably from patient to patient, and was on the average 23 mg for Tizanidin and 59 mg for baclofen. To the extent an antispastic effect was observed, the 2 drugs appeared to be equally effective when given at a 1:2 ratio (mg tizanidine: mg baclofen). Side effects of both drugs were sleepiness, muscular weakness and dry mouth. Tizanidine had a mild depressive effect on blood pressure. Sudden withdrawal of both drugs was accompanied by a transient relative increase of spasticity in approximately half the patients. There were no other changes suggesting physical or psychological dependence. The present study underscores that neither baclofen nor tizanidine are ideal antispastic drugs, and emphasize the need for further research.
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PMID:The treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind clinical trial of a new anti-spastic drug tizanidine compared with baclofen. 355 79

The Oriental flushing reaction is an adverse response to alcohol that appears to be genetically determined. In this study, the Oriental flushing reaction that was produced with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by antihistamine administration. A group of 17 subjects was tested. Each subject received placebo, diphenhydramine 50 mg (H-1 receptor antagonist), and cimetidine 300 mg (H-2 receptor antagonist) singularly and in combination. Alcohol was then administered orally. Most subjects given placebo experienced the typical flushing reaction that included a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness, and nausea. The flush, temperature and systolic hypotension were significantly blocked by the combined antihistamine administration. Cimetidine given alone blocked the flush, temperature increase, and systolic hypotension significantly more than diphenhydramine but less than the combined antihistamines. Diphenhydramine was similar to placebo in its effect on the flushing reaction. The role of histamine in the expression of tolerance to alcohol is not known. Antihistamine antagonism of the adverse flushing reaction suggests that histamine receptors may participate in the intolerance to ethanol in Orientals. Histamine may be an important protective factor in the low prevalence of alcoholism in Orientals.
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PMID:Histamine receptor antagonism of intolerance to alcohol in the Oriental population. 368 Dec 77

The averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR) is an index which objectively assesses the arousal level of humans. The dose-response curve of flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, was investigated by using PPR in the present study. Ten healthy male university students were given flunitrazepam 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.5 mg, 2.0 mg and placebo in a double-blind, crossover design. PPR and subjective assessment were recorded before and after drug administration. P1 and P2 latencies of PPR were prolonged by flunitrazepam 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg in a dose-dependent manner. The prolongation of latencies by flunitrazepam 2.0 mg was weaker than that by 1.5 mg, but was more potent than that by 1.0 mg. In self-assessments, sleepiness, muscle weakness and vagueness of thought were observed after drug ingestion. Sleepiness was correlated with the prolongation of the PPR latencies. These results suggest that PPR could be a useful tool for psychopharmacological investigations in normal humans, that flunitrazepam might be a clinically potent hypnotic drug, and that its peak effect occurs 2-3 h after administration.
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PMID:A useful tool for predicting the clinical effects of hypnotics in humans: averaged photopalpebral reflex. 372 8

This is the first report in which a marine mollusc, Oliva vidua fulminans (olives), generally not known to be poisonous, was responsible for death in five children after consuming boiled olives with tamarind. The onset of symptoms was rapid 10 to 20 min after consumption of the olives. Signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tingling sensation around the lips, numbness around the mouth, drowsiness, lethargy and generalized weakness with paraesthesia in the limbs. The five deaths occurred within 3 to 4 hours after eating the poisoned olives and resulted from respiratory failure. Left-over olives from the affected household and freshly collected live olives had a toxicity of 14,200 mouse units (M.U.) and 15,000 M.U. per 100 g meat respectively. No other common chemical poison and organophosphorus insecticides were detected. The neurotoxic agent was acid and heat stable and was toxic at pH less than 4. Its action was similar to that of paralytic shellfish poisoning which was caused by toxins from certain dinoflagellates.
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PMID:Oliva vidua fulminans, a marine mollusc, responsible for five fatal cases of neurotoxic food poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia. 372

Health effects of occupational exposure to lead were investigated among 92 exposed workers in lead-acid battery factory and 40 nonexposed workers serving as a control group from an oil mill in Khartoum North industrial area. The two groups were closely similar in age, stature, body weight, and socioeconomic conditions. A highly significant increase (P less than .01) was recorded in blood lead, urinary coproporphyrin, and basophilic stippled red blood cells of the exposed group in comparison to the control group. Central nervous system symptoms (insomnia, fatigue, weakness, and drowsiness) were reported by 50% and other symptoms such as abdominal colic and constipation were reported by 41% of the exposed group. Blue line on the gum was detected only on 2% of the exposed group. Strong associations between exposure to lead and the prevalence of central nervous system symptoms, abdominal colic, and constipation were recorded. Exposure to exceedingly high levels of lead in the working environment causes adverse health effects.
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PMID:Effects of exposure to lead among lead-acid battery factory workers in Sudan. 376 35


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