Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1762617 (weakness)
 37,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the clinical records of all the patients examined at the Mayo Clinic who were operated on and found to have arachnoid diverticula of he cervical and thoracolumbar regions of the spinal column. Only patients whose lesion did not have a traumatic cause were selected for a study. There were 21 patients: 20 had been operated on at the Mayo Clinic and 1 was seen 43 years after surgery done elsewhere. The symptoms associated with the thoracolumbar lesions were, in order of decreasing frequency, pain, weakness, gait disorder, sensory symptoms, and sphincter dysfunction. The conditions associated with thoracic arachnoid diverticula included congenital pigmented nevus, diastematomyelia, multiple sclerosis, Marfan's syndrome, and syringomyelia.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic ("congenital") spinal arachnoid diverticula. Clinical diagnosis and surgical results. 678 Jul 35

Color thresholds in a series of patients with local or systemic diseases were determined by a chromagraph method and subjected to computer analysis. When compared with normal persons, those with optic nerve disease (multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and optic atrophy) showed an overall weakness for all colors (enlarged neutral areas), with an additional specific defect in the orange-cyan (greenish blue) axis. Those with the two retinal diseases studied (macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa) also showed threshold elevation for all colors, but with a special defect in the yellow-blue axis. The general elevation was greater for patients with retinitis pigmentosa than for those with macular degeneration, regardless of the visual acuity. In patients undergoing treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, there was a mild elevation of the color threshold, especially for yellow.
 ...
PMID:Clinical studies of color vision with Gunkel's chromagraph. 688 52

A double-blind trial with two parallel groups was carried out to compare the antispastic effect and tolerability of a new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), with those of baclofen in the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. Twenty-one hospitalized patients with stable spasticity participated in the 6-week trial. Eleven received tizanidine and 10 baclofen in gradually increasing daily doses. The optimal daily dose of tizanidine was between 8 and 36 mg and that of baclofen between 10 and 80 mg. Overall spastic state, spasms and clonus were similarly improved with both medications. In contrast, muscle strength, bladder function and the activities of daily living were more improved on tizanidine than on baclofen. Tiredness was the most frequent side-effect on tizanidine and muscle weakness on baclofen. The laboratory tests did not show any pathological changes with either medication. According to these results, tizanidine provides a new therapeutic alternative in the treatment of spasticity.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind comparative trial of new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), and baclofen in the treatment of chronic spasticity in multiple sclerosis. 701 49

To produce a model of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, three strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were injected intracerebrally into Swiss-Webster outbred mice. Animals developed pupillary abnormalities and leg weakness and, by light and electron microscopy, had focal lesions of primary demyelination in optic nerves and spinal cords. Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in these lesions contained herpesvirus. Both mouse age and virus dose were important determinants of the rate and severity of the infectious process, as judged by mortality and clinical signs of disease. A low virus dose in older mice favored survival of neurologically abnormal mice beyond the acute stage of infection. When the MS, G, and 186 strains of HSV-2 were compared, no evidence of a major effect of virus strain on the clinical course or type of pathology was seen. This study demonstrates that HSV-2 can produce multifocal demyelination in the CNS in mice. The intracerebral route appears to be important in producing a model of more generalized demyelination unrelated to the site of injection than has been previously reported in other experimental herpesvirus infections. The possible relationship of this model to optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Spinal cord and optic nerve demyelination in experimental herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. 707 61

The patient who has multiple cranial neuropathies may pose a diagnostic dilemma. The neurologic disorders of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and poliomyelitis often cause bulbar dysfunctions such as diplopia, facial weakness, slurred or hypernasal speech, dysphagia, and hoarseness. In general, treatment is supportive and is directed toward restoring or aiding lost function (i.e., tracheostomy, esophagostomy, and cricopharyngeal myotomy). The relative infrequency of these disorders can lead to delays in diagnosis and rehabilitative therapy.
 ...
PMID:Neurologic disorders: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and poliomyelitis. 710 59

Twenty-nine patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) producing weakness or paralysis of lower and often upper extremities underwent electromyographic (EMG) examinations. Nineteen patients had no signs of neurogenic atrophy (NA) in involved limbs and normal motor nerve conduction velocities. In 4 patients signs of acute NA (fibrillations, positive waves) present on at least one examination of involved limbs disappeared on subsequent examination. Motor nerve conduction studies were normal. In 4 patients, signs of NA in lower extremities persisted for more than 1 year. In 2 patients, NA resulted from peripheral neuropathy. It is not uncommon for NA to occur in MS when muscle weakness or paralysis is present. Signs of NA apparently can remit as do other neurological signs in MS. Prospective EMG studies of MS patients are needed to document further any involvement of peripheral nervous system and the extent to which such signs can remit.
 ...
PMID:Electromyographic findings in multiple sclerosis: remitting signs of denervation. 716 97

Since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to visualize lesions of multiple sclerosis has become easy to do. However, in some cases with primary spinal cord multiple sclerosis, it is not always easy to obtain a diagnosis in the first instance. We reported a case of primary spinal multiple sclerosis diagnosed through histological examination of a surgical specimen taken by an open biopsy. A 35-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of two-months duration of progressive weakness and sensory disturbance in the legs and buttocks. On radiological examinations including metrizamide CT myelography and MRI, enlargement of the conus medullaris was the only positive finding. Respective to her clinical course, intramedullary spinal cord tumor could not be ruled out, so an open biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed that the cord lesion was acute demyelination with perivascular inflammation. Her neurological signs were almost completely cured with administration of corticosteroid, though new brainstem signs took place two months later and then a concrete diagnosis of her having multiple sclerosis was finally achieved. Since preoperative examinations can not differentiate spinal cord tumor from any other intramedullary cord lesions such as demyelinating foci of multiple sclerosis, surgical intervention would be approved in such atypical primary spinal cord multiple sclerosis.
 ...
PMID:[Spinal multiple sclerosis mimicking a spinal cord tumor: a case report]. 747 8

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and can be induced by inoculation of animals with homogenized CNS tissue or highly purified myelin proteins such as myelin basic protein (MBP) or proteolipid protein (PLP). It is widely studied as a possible animal model of multiple sclerosis. We performed the present neurophysiological study to define the location of nerve conduction abnormalities in EAE induced by immunization with PLP (PLP-EAE) and in EAE induced by immunization with MBP (MBP-EAE) in the Lewis rat. In rats with tail weakness due to acute PLP-EAE, conduction was normal in the spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves but there was evidence of conduction block in a high proportion of the fibres in the dorsal columns of the lumbosacral spinal cord. In contrast, in acute MBP-EAE, there was conduction block in a high proportion of fibres in the sacral dorsal and ventral roots of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and in the dorsal columns of the lumbosacral spinal cord. The distribution of nerve conduction abnormalities is consistent with previous histological studies showing that inflammation and primary demyelination are restricted to the CNS in PLP-EAE, but are present in the CNS and in the spinal roots of the PNS in MBP-EAE. The restriction of functional abnormalities to the CNS in PLP-EAE but not in MBP-EAE may have implications for the human inflammatory demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Conduction abnormalities are restricted to the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by inoculation with proteolipid protein but not with myelin basic protein. 752 6

To compare effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and placebo treatment on lesions that resemble those seen during active demyelination in multiple sclerosis, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats with an emulsion containing guinea pig spinal cord and Freund's adjuvant. On day 12-13, pairs of rats with the same degree of weakness were given either IGF-I or placebo intravenously twice daily for 8 days. After 8 days of placebo or IGF-I (200 micrograms/day or 1 mg/day) treatment, the spinal cord lesions were studied by in situ hybridization and with immunocytochemical and morphological methods. IGF-I produced significant reductions in numbers and areas of demyelinating lesions. These lesions contained axons surrounded by regenerating myelin segments instead of demyelinated axons seen in the placebo-treated rats. Relative mRNA levels for myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein (PLP), and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats were significantly higher than they were in placebo-treated rats. PLP mRNA-containing oligodendroglia also were more numerous and relative PLP mRNA levels per oligodendrocyte were higher in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats. Finally, a significantly higher proportion of proliferating cells were oligodendroglia-like cells in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats. We think that IGF-I effects on oligodendrocytes, myelin protein synthesis, and myelin regeneration reduced lesion severity and promoted clinical recovery in this experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. These IGF-I actions may also benefit patients with multiple sclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Insulin-like growth factor I treatment reduces demyelination and up-regulates gene expression of myelin-related proteins in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 754 Nov 43

Neuropsychological investigations have demonstrated that cognitive disorders are common (45-65%) in patients with multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the nature and etiology of these disorders. Specifically, neuropsychological deficits regularly occur on measures of recent memory, attention, information-processing speed, executive functions, and visuospatial perception. In contrast, general intelligence, language, and certain aspects of memory (short-term capacity and implicit) are preserved. The degree and pattern of cognitive dysfunction is highly correlated with the amount and location of white-matter disease within the cerebral hemispheres. Natural history studies indicate that changes in cognitive test performance are correlated with increasing lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging. The development of brief cognitive-testing instruments for clinical screening and measuring treatment effects in clinical trials is underway. A clear weakness in the literature is the dearth of studies evaluating potential treatments for cognitive disorders.
 ...
PMID:Neuropsychology of multiple sclerosis. 755 Nov 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>