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Query: UMLS:C1522102 (Melanoma)
 7,698 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer statistic reports show that the incidence of melanoma has increased each decade. It is now estimated that approximately 5 percent of the patients with primary cutaneous melanoma will develop another primary melanoma in their lifetime. This report describes the information gathered from 27 patients at the Yale Melanoma Unit who have developed 59 individual primary melanomas; 22 of the patients developed a second primary melanoma, and 5 patients each developed three primary melanomas. In 8 patients (30 percent), the second primary melanoma was diagnosed within 1 month of the first malignancy and was considered synchronous. The remaining 24 melanomas in the 19 patients presented subsequently: 4 (17 percent) within the first year, 7 (29 percent) during the second year, and 13 (54 percent) beyond the second year of the first diagnosis. Although the thickness of the initial melanoma ranged from 0.2 to 6.0 mm, all subsequent melanomas were either in situ or less than 1.0 mm in thickness. This study shows that patients who developed more than one melanoma invariably had thin subsequent lesions. The implications of the multiple melanomas are not a poorer prognosis, but rather that the patients' prognosis is the same as that of the original, or thickest, melanoma.
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PMID:Multiple primary melanomas: data and significance. 882 37

Some aspects of the surgical treatment of cutaneous melanoma are still currently debated. There is presently a general agreement in favor of a less wide excision of primary lesions. Specifically, data coming from a randomized study of the World Health Organization (WHO) Melanoma Programme indicates that the width of resection has no impact on either disease-free and overall survival of 612 stage I entered patients. Opportunity of an elective (ELND) or delayed (DLND) lymph node dissection remains much more controversial. Complications, including lymphedema, associated with this type of surgery, and no evidence of regional lymph node disease in at least 70% of clinical stage I patients submitted to node dissection, argue for avoiding ELND. Some studies show a positive value for ELND, but they are flawed by biased entry of patients into the ELND group, and conclusions are not derived from randomized studies. Two prospective trials show that ELND does not improve the prognosis of patients with stage I cutaneous melanoma. The results of the WHO study of 553 cases will be evaluable at 20 years. So far, on the basis of many biologic, clinical, and statistical findings, there is no evidence, in our opinion, of a substantial benefit related to ELND.
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PMID:The case for minimal margins and delayed regional node dissection for high-risk cutaneous melanoma. 758

Between January 1956 and December 1990, 17 patients younger than 17 years with available pathological screens of de novo cutaneous melanoma, and with no other risk factors (xeroderma pigmentosum, giant congenital naevi, congenital melanoma or a proven family history of dysplastic naevus syndrome) were seen at the Gustave-Roussy Institute. The median age was 9 years and 9 months (range 2 years and 3 months-16 years and 9 months). The primary disease was located in the lower extremities in 10 cases, the trunk in five cases, and the upper extremities or head and neck in one case. The disease was localized for 10 patients at presentation (stage I), six had proven nodal metastasis (stage II) and one patient had nodal and breast metastases. The median thickness of the primary lesion was 2.89 mm (range 0.64-10). Five tumours were at level III on Clark's index, eight at level IV and four at level V. Six cases were classified as superficial spreading, two as unclassified radial growth, three nodular, three with Spitzoid cells, and three were unclassified. Two patients presented local recurrence with an initial unclassified melanoma, with a thickness greater than 2.5 mm. At a median follow-up time of 7 years, two patients had died from recurrent disease, and one patient had died from a second malignancy.
Melanoma Res 1995 Apr
PMID:Melanoma arising de novo in childhood: experience of the Gustave-Roussy Institute. 762 Mar 39

Combined multi-point linkage analysis in seven Dutch families with FAMMM syndrome confirmed the location of a melanoma susceptibility (MLM) gene in the 9p21 area. The occurrence of a shared high-risk haplotype in six of the families strongly suggests a founder effect in the Leiden region. No indication for locus heterogeneity was observed. Recently, the CDKN2 (p16) gene, an important regulator of the cell cycle, was isolated from the 9p21 region. A 19-bp germline deletion in the CDKN2 gene was detected in the high-risk haplotype, suggesting CDKN2 to be identical to MLM. Loss of heterozygosity studies in melanoma and pancreatic carcinoma from gene carriers strongly support the view that CDKN2 is a general tumour suppressor gene predisposing not only to melanoma but also to other malignancies. Interestingly, the occurrence of apparent clinical FAMMM cases with melanoma but without the high-risk deletion haplotype suggests the necessity of additional (naevus) genes to explain the complete FAMMM phenotype.
Melanoma Res 1995 Jun
PMID:CDKN2 explains part of the clinical phenotype in Dutch familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome families. 764 May 18

The majority of epidemiological data on cutaneous melanoma (CM) derives from studies carried out in a predominantly fair-skinned population. On the contrary, little is known of the epidemiological figures (including incidence data) in mediterranean populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rates of CM in a geographically-defined area of the centre of Italy, with particular attention to anatomic site distribution, histologic types and thickness of tumour invasion. After revision of the data base of the Tuscany Cancer Registry concerning the period 1985 to 1987, 282 incident cases of invasive CM (135 males, 147 females) were found in a resident population of 1,174,121 inhabitants. The mean annual age-standardized rates were 6.7/100,000 for males and 7.0/100,000 for females. Site-specific incidence rates showed an almost three-fold higher incidence of CM of the trunk in males than females (3.7/100,000 vs 1.4/100,000). Conversely, a four-fold higher incidence in females than in males was observed for the lesions of lower limb (2.1/100,000 vs 0.5/100,000). A statistically significant difference of incidence rates was also observed for the thigh (females 1.1/100,000, males 0.2/100,000), a normally sun-exposed area. Concerning histologic types of CM, the incidence of the nodular type was higher in males than in females (1.8/100,000 vs 1.3/100,000), even if the difference was not statistically significant in any class of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Melanoma Res 1994 Dec
PMID:Incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the centre of Italy: anatomic site distribution, histologic types and thickness of tumour invasion in a registry-based study. 770 18

Dermatoscopy has been reported to give valid information in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous pigmentary lesions. Using a dermatoscopy Delta 10 Heine optotechnique, we evaluated 220 pigmented lesions during a health campaign for the early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and compared clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis. Histologic diagnosis was carried out after removal of the lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall agreement were evaluated. In our experience clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis gave similar results; sensitivity and specificity were slightly better for dermatoscopy than for clinical diagnosis. The agreement between clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis was better in histologically negative lesions. Dermatoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of pigmentary lesions, but clinical diagnosis by experienced dermatological staff, is unreplaceable, especially during a health campaign for the early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma.
Melanoma Res 1994 Dec
PMID:Dermatoscopy: usefulness in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous pigmentary lesions. 770 19

Malignant Melanoma (MM) incidence rate is increasing faster than many other cancer at present time. Its epidemiological and clinical behavior varies within countries. We have studied 113 cases of cutaneous melanoma from 1982-1993, that represents until now the largest series of MM studied in Chile. Superficial Spreading Melanoma was the most common type of MM with 37.5% of total cases followed by Nodular Melanoma 31.2%. Acral Melanoma 22.1%, and Lentigo Malignant Melanoma with 7.8%. MM favored females with 60.2% (n = 68) and males constituted 39.8% (n = 45) of all cases. Median age at diagnosis was 54 years. Primary more frequent location for man was thorax (36.4%) and lower extremities for women (28.6%). Hemorrhage, ulceration and rapid growth of a previously pigmented lesion as the primary cause for first medical visit were associated with high level of invasion, generally over 2 mm. thick. Color change and pruritus were associated with lower level of invasion. Patients in stage I (78.3%) had 1.35 mm of median invasive thickness in the primary lesion and patients in stage II (15.7%) had 3.03 mm.
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PMID:[Clinical study of 113 cases of malignant melanoma]. 776 20

Recreational exposure to the sun may not explain fully current trends in melanoma incidence. The hypothesis was examined whether carcinogens in water play a role in the development of cutaneous melanoma. In a case-control study, 128 melanoma patients and 168 patients with other types of malignancy completed a detailed questionnaire on aquatic leisure time activities. All relative risk estimates were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, pigmentation characteristics, and exposure to sun habits. Regular swimming during the summer months in swimming pools and in open waters such as rivers and seas before the age of 15 years, was associated with odds ratios of 2.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-4.62) and 2.41 (95% CI, 1.04-5.58), respectively, compared with no swimming at all or swimming in relatively unpolluted waters, such as lakes and fens. Melanoma patients learned to swim at a younger age; compared with those who never learned to swim or who learned to swim after the age of 12 years, the odds ratio was 1.87 (95% CI, 0.91-3.78) for those who learned to swim at ages 9-12 years, and 2.22 (95% CI, 1.16-4.26) for those who learned to swim before 9 years of age. Compared with persons who had no swimming certificates, an odds ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 0.71-2.23) was found for persons with one or two certificates, and an odds ratio of 2.96 (95% CI, 1.25-6.96) for persons with three or more certificates. The positive association between a history of swimming and melanoma risk suggests that carcinogenic agents in water, possibly chlorination by products, play a role in melanoma aetiology.
Melanoma Res 1994 Oct
PMID:Swimming and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. 785 10

Hereditary dysplastic naevus syndrome (DNS) is a familial disorder characterized by dysplastic naevi and an approximately 85-fold increased risk of developing malignant cutaneous melanoma. Cell lines from individuals with DNS have shown hypermutability following exposure to UV irradiation. The cause of this hypermutability is unknown, and no DNA repair defect has been identified. We have studied the capacity of lymphocytes from individuals with DNS to reactivate the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in transfected plasmids that had been inactivated by UV irradiation. We found no difference in plasmid reactivation between lymphocytes from individuals with DNS and those obtained from healthy control persons matched for sex, age and smoking habits. This finding indicates that DNS is not associated with a significant quantitative defect in nucleotide excision repair of DNA.
Melanoma Res 1994 Jun
PMID:Normal reactivation of plasmid DNA inactivated by UV irradiation by lymphocytes from individuals with hereditary dysplastic naevus syndrome. 791 61

Mutations in N-ras exon 2 codon 61 were studied in formalin-fixed human melanoma metastases. DNA fragments including codon 61 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutational analysis was performed by oligonucleotide hybridization (ODN), allele specific PCR and PCR combined with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP). Thirty metastases from 25 patients with 'spontaneous' cutaneous melanoma were compared with 35 metastases from 17 patients with 'hereditary' cutaneous melanoma. The frequency of mutations as measured by PCR/ODN was significantly higher in patients with hereditary melanoma (mutations in 24% versus 59%, p < 0.05). The most frequent mutations were C/A transversions to lysine (AAA). The occurrence of lysine mutations was, in addition, studied by allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Again, the mutation frequency was significantly higher in metastases from patients with hereditary melanoma. PCR/SSCP finally enabled the isolation of lysine mutant alleles and nucleotide sequence analysis which confirmed the presence of the mutated codon 61. The relatively higher frequency of N-ras mutations in tumours from patients with hereditary melanoma may be related to the hypermutability described in hereditary melanoma and dysplastic naevus syndrome. The results support an involvement of N-ras mutations in the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma.
Melanoma Res 1994 Jun
PMID:Melanoma metastases from patients with hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma contain a high frequency of N-ras activating mutations. 791 62


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