Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1522084 (Osteosarcoma)
 2,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma developed as a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in 40 of 188 individuals with SMN whose first neoplasm occurred in childhood. A genetic susceptibility to cancer was found in 23; the SMN developed in an irradiated field in 32; both factors wer present in 16; neither in one. When a genetic predisposition was present, radiation shortened the interval to SMN. The intervals between tumors and the age at which the bone sarcomas developed in relation to genetic disease and therapy were analyzed by a two-mutation hypothesis. Studies of SMN in childhood permit us to make observation about the role of genetic factors and environmental mutagens in cancer etiology.
Cancer 1980 Dec 15
PMID:Bone sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm in children: influence of radiation and genetic predisposition for the Late Effects Study Group. 744 99

Osteosarcoma of the vertebral column (OSV) is a rare tumor which represents 0.85% to 2% of all osteosarcomas. In 95% of the cases they manifest themselves through pains and 80% of other cases through neurological disorders. Usually located on lumbar vertebrae it can also be found on the rest of the vertebral column. Its radiologic aspect is one of lysis in 48% of cases but a condensation can also be met in 27% of cases. The differential diagnosis with an osteoblastoma is difficult and must be left in the hands of the pathologist who bases it on precise criteria (cellular pleomorphism, stroma, presence of giant cells...). The secondary osteosarcoma of the vertebral column represents 30% of all cases of OSV. The heterogeneity of the studies has made it difficult to quantify them. The prognosis of OSV is poor: survival average is of 15.3 months and relative risk of recurrence compared to a femoral lesion is of 3.9 months.
Bull Cancer 1995 Jul
PMID:[Vertebral osteosarcoma. Review of the literature apropos of a case]. 754 17

Targeted delivery of macrophage activating agents is an attractive approach to treat micrometastatic disease. Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (L-MTP-PE) is a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages in humans, mice, and dogs. We have conducted clinical trials in dogs with malignant and highly metastatic spontaneous tumors. Presented are results of our trials evaluating L-MTP-PE in combination with surgery and chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma, particularly relevant malignancies having having many similarities to human cancer. Osteosarcoma dogs received chemotherapy following surgery (cisplatin q 28 days x 4). At completion of chemotherapy, dogs were randomized to receive L-MTP-PE or placebo. The L-MTP-PE group had a significantly longer median survival time compared to the placebo group (p < 0.021). Dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma received combination chemotherapy following surgery (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide q 21 days x 4). At the first chemotherapy, dogs were randomized to receive L-MTP-PE or placebo. The L-MTP-PE group had a significantly longer median survival time compared to the placebo group (p < 0.03). These studies show that L-MTP-PE is an effective agent for treatment of metastasis and can be safely administered in combination with chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Current studies of liposome muramyl tripeptide (CGP 19835A lipid) therapy for metastasis in spontaneous tumors: a progress review. 770 83

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors in the overall and disease-free survival rates by using univariate methods and Cox's multivariate regression model. Patients from Tri-Service General Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Kaohsiung with pathologically proven high-grade osteosarcoma were recruited for this study. There were 29 (67.4%) men and 14 (32.6%) women with a mean age of 17.8 years (range 8 to 35 years). Twenty-five cases (58.1%) were stage IIB, and 18 cases (41.9%) were stage III. The overall five-year survival rate was 15% for these 43 cases. Additionally, the disease-free survival rate was 20% at five years for the 25 stage IIB cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that male gender, stage III disease, surgery only, radiotherapy only, chemotherapy only, no treatment and proximal extremity location were the unfavorable factors associated with death in these 43 cases; while male gender, radiotherapy only, chemotherapy only, no treatment and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level were the unfavorable factors associated with recurrence for stage IIB cases.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in 43 cases of osteosarcoma. 791 67

We have demonstrated that monocytes from osteosarcoma patients can be rendered tumor cytotoxic by both in vitro incubation with liposomal MTP-PE and i.v. administration of this agent. Chemotherapy did not interfere with this activation process. We have further demonstrated in phase I and phase II trials that liposomal MTP-PE can be given safely i.v. to both adults and children with minimal side effects. The findings of peripheral fibrosis with neovascularization and infiltration of the tumor with chronic inflammatory cells after liposomal MTP-PE therapy are unlike any observed following chemotherapy or surgery. Subsequent to chemotherapy, osteosarcoma lung metastases usually exhibit a zone of central necrosis, with viable tumor cells growing at the periphery of the lesion. However, in our patients following liposomal MTP-PE viable tumor cells were observed in the center of the lesion, with necrosis and fibrosis at the periphery. These changes were thus interpreted as a specific response to liposomal MTP-PE. The peripheral fibrosis observed in these tumors is reminiscent of the appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions. Initially, the lesion is walled off and slow necrosis proceeds from the outside so that the lesion is replaced by fibrous tissue. Eradication of tuberculosis by chronic inflammation is a slow process. Viable bacilli can persist for months. Thus, our choice of a 3-month treatment course may have been insufficient. We have now extended our protocol to allow 6 months of therapy. Osteosarcoma appears to be an ideal disease in which to employ liposomal MTP-PE as an additional adjuvant to present chemotherapy regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cancer Treat Res 1993
PMID:Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide: a new biologic response modifier for the treatment of osteosarcoma. 809 24

Bone cancers comprise about 5% of childhood neoplasms. Osteosarcoma, the most common sub-type, shows a somewhat irregular geographic pattern of incidence, with low rates in some Asian (Indian, Japanese, Chinese) and Latin American populations. Incidence is similar in the sexes and rises steeply with age, accompanied by an increasing proportion of tumours localized in the long bones of the legs. Rates in the USA are higher in blacks than in whites, as a result of a higher incidence at ages 10 to 14 and of tumours of the leg bones. The descriptive epidemiology is consistent with early observations linking risk to the amount of bone growth. Ewing's sarcoma is rare in black populations (USA and Africa) and in eastern Asia. Compared with osteosarcoma, a lower percentage of tumours is localized to the long bones, and incidence rises less steeply with age and is accompanied by an increasing proportion of pelvic tumours. Chondrosarcoma is a rare cancer in children (less than 5% of bone cancers), with an age distribution similar to that of osteosarcoma and a sub-site distribution resembling that of Ewing's sarcoma. Little is known of the aetiology of these tumours; there is clearly a strong genetic predisposition in Ewing's sarcoma but, although the proportion of osteosarcoma cases of genetic origin seems to be small, environmental determinants so far suspected can account for only a small fraction of the total cases.
Int J Cancer 1993 Feb 01
PMID:International variations in the incidence of childhood bone tumours. 842 91

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. The variability of this tumor and its histologic variants in presentation, location, and biologic behavior has an influence on the prognosis and determines treatment options. Despite improvements in both survival and function due to limb salvage techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, osteosarcoma continues to be a major challenge for the medical and surgical oncologist.
 ...
PMID:Osteosarcoma and its variants. 864 38

Alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been implicated in the genesis and/or progression of the majority of human cancers, including osteosarcoma. Stabilization of the protein by mutation or interaction with other proteins prolongs its half-life, rendering it detectable by immunohistochemistry. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary canine bone tumor and is characterized by frequent early metastases. Multilobular tumors of bone involve primarily flat bones of the head and are low-grade malignancies with lower metastatic potential. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of p53 protein overexpression in 106 osteogenic tumors of dogs using an indirect immunohistochemical method and to compare p53 overexpression between tumors with different clinical behavior. A polyclonal p53 antibody (CM-1) served as the primary antibody. Tumors were scored based upon an estimate of the percentage of tumor cells stained. Significant differences in the prevalence of overexpression were observed between osteosarcomas (72%) and multilobular tumors of bone (20%, P = 0.0020). Osteosarcomas of the appendicular skeleton had a significantly higher prevalence of p53 overexpression (84%) than did osteosarcomas of the axial skeleton (56%, P = 0.0060). Our results show that p53 tumor suppressor protein is overexpressed in the majority of canine osteosarcomas. The higher prevalence of overexpression in osteosarcomas versus multilobular tumors of bone and in osteosarcomas of the appendicular skeleton versus those of the axial skeleton suggests that alterations in p53 expression correlate with highly aggressive tumor behavior.
 ...
PMID:p53 tumor suppressor protein overexpression in osteogenic tumors of dogs. 880 15

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in adolescents and young adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy. There are numerous types of primary osteosarcoma, including intramedullary (high grade, telangiectatic, low grade, small cell, osteosarcomatosis, and gnathic), surface (intracortical, parosteal, periosteal, and high-grade surface), and extraskeletal. Osteosarcoma may also occur as a secondary lesion in association with underlying benign conditions. The identification of osteoid matrix formation and aggressive characteristics usually allows prospective radiologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma. As with all bone tumors, differential diagnosis is best assessed with radiographs, whereas staging is performed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Understanding and recognition of the variable appearances of the different varieties of osteosarcoma allow improved patient assessment and are vital for optimal clinical management including diagnosis, biopsy, staging, treatment, and follow-up.
 ...
PMID:The many faces of osteosarcoma. 930 11

Osteosarcomas (OSAs) can be difficult to distinguish histologically from tumors with significantly different biologic potentials and treatment protocols. The correct diagnosis of OSA relies on identification of malignant osteoblasts that are capable of producing neoplastic bone. To determine the use of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of OSA, 106 tumors from the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Vermont were immunostained with monoclonal antiosteocalcin (OC) and antiosteonectin (ON) antibodies. They included 42 OSAs, 25 non-bone-forming sarcomas, 24 other malignant tumors including lymphomas, carcinomas, and melanomas, and 15 benign bone tumors. Cytoplasmic staining with OC showed 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while staining with ON showed 90% sensitivity and 54% specificity for bone-forming tumors, consistently staining cell types other than osteoblasts. Of the OSAs, 83% demonstrated matrix staining with one or both antibodies, whereas dense collagen was negative for both antibodies in all tumors. We conclude that tumor cell cytoplasmic staining with monoclonal OC may be helpful in distinguishing OSAs from other malignancies, and staining of extracellular matrix for OC and ON antibodies concurrently may help distinguish bone matrix from dense collagen.
 ...
PMID:Osteocalcin and osteonectin immunoreactivity in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. 932 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>