Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1522083 (Osteosarcoma)
 2,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) was injected directly into the fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats during the late stage of gestation and into the neonates within 24 hours after birth. Ninety rats developed 188 neoplastic lesions during the 8-week period of observation. Nearly all of the neoplasms were of mesenchymal derivation. Sixty percent of these neoplasms revealed more complex histologic features than those previously reported for neoplasms induced in rodents with M-MSV and were designated "malignant mesenchymoma" which developed preferentially in the proximal parts of the extremities, distant from the inoculation site. Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma which developed in a pure form at the various sites were the next most common tumor type. Osteosarcoma developing in a pure form and as a component of malignant mesenchymoma in the humerus and femur was comparable to that of juxtacortical osteosarcoma of man; The development of excessive bones were observed in the forelimb and/or hind leg, suggesting a type of skeletal malformation. The reaction to M-MSV merits attention as a model for the study of an osteosarcoma and malignant mesenchymoma as well as rhabdomyosarcoma and also for the study of viral teratogenesis in man, as "rubella syndrome".
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PMID:Pathology of neoplasms and other lesions induced in rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 26 56

Sarcomas (fleshy tumors) were distinguished from carcinoma (crab leg tumors) at the time of Hippocrates. Sarcomas are related embryologically to leukemias and lymphomas because all are thought to be malignancies of mesodermal embryologic origin. Neurosarcomas, however, are an exception, since they arise from tissue of neuroepidermal origin. Malignant sarcomas of the soft tissue represent an unusual primary malignant tumor. These lesions are characterized by their diversity in the histologic appearance and in their biologic behavior, as well as in anatomical origin. Currently there are approximately 7,400 newly diagnosed bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and approximately 4,200 deaths per year in the United States.1 The incidence of sarcomas varies by histologic type in various age groups. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the orbit peaks in the 4-year-old, and in the urinary tract in adolescence.2 Osteosarcoma has peak incidence in the teenage years, and Ewing's sarcoma develops between the ages of 15 and 30. Other sarcomas such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma generally occur in patients aged more than 55 years. The incidence of osteosarcoma in whites and nonwhites is equal; Ewing's sarcoma is predominantly a disease of Caucasians.3 The relatively infrequent occurrence of these tumors plus their diverse histology and diverse presentations have made it difficult for any one institution to have enough patients to directly compare, in a randomized prospective fashion, one treatment with another in order to determine the optimal primary therapy. The purpose of this monograph is to review recent concepts in terms of pathology, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcomas: current trends in diagnosis and management. 268 1

Fifteen archival human osteosarcoma specimens were examined by in situ hybridization for the expression of human and mouse transforming growth factor-beta (isoforms 1, 2, and 3), c-fos, and metalloproteinase (stromelysin-3 and matrilysin). Osteosarcoma subtypes were confirmed by review of patients' radiographs, histopathology, and age at diagnosis. The outcome and method of treatment were documented. The subtypes of osteosarcoma consisted of nine conventional osteosarcomas and two each of fibroblastic, telangiectatic, and post-radiation osteosarcomas. Each specimen was histologically examined under light microscopy, and then adjacent paraffin sections were assayed with sense and anti-sense RNA probes by in situ hybridization. The probes localized to the neoplastic cells, confirming the methodology of the technique. Human transforming growth factor-beta 1 had the most uniform binding affinity to the osteosarcomas examined and was more specific in binding than mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1. Specific mRNA encoding for the transforming growth factor-beta s, c-fos, and metalloproteinases are detectable in patterns within osteosarcoma cells, and collectively, their expression parallels the different histopathologic subtypes. The less differentiated subtypes (telangiectatic and post-radiation osteosarcomas) expressed the fewest molecular markers. Osteosarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor. Differential expression of matrilysin in osteosarcoma is the first reported detection of metalloproteinase activity in human skeletal sarcoma.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma oncogene expression detected by in situ hybridization. 747 45

Osteosarcoma of the jaw differs from that in other sites because it is less aggressive, rarely metastasizes and appears later in life. The literature lacking a systematic treatise on the radiologic features of this disease, the authors decided to collect the case histories of 9 patients, 5 men and 4 women, 24 to 48 years old, suffering from osteosarcoma of the jaw. Both conventional radiography and CT were used to examine all patients. The accurate study of radiologic findings made it possible to establish 3 basic lesion patterns. The first and very rare one, is characterized by the total absence of neoplastic tissue ossification processes; in this case, the radiologic diagnosis is extremely difficult, even with CT support. The second and more common pattern exhibits evident tumor neo-ossification, the most representative cases present several bone lamellae radiating from the lesion, with a sunburst-like appearance. The disease can be diagnosed with conventional radiography alone, especially in the most advanced cases; CT permits the identification of early forms, missed with conventional methods. The third pattern is characterized by amorphous lesion ossification: there are small areas of structureless ossification and a patchy appearance, separated by non-ossified neoplastic tissue. CT shows tumor ossification missed at conventional radiography. Finally, the authors observed an extremely rare case of parosteal sarcoma of the jaw, considered a variety of osteosarcoma by some pathologists. The lesion presented uniform neo-ossification which was highly sclerotic and separated from cortical bone by a thin layer of radiolucent tissue: both findings were clearly visible with CT. In conclusion, the systemic use of CT has led to a marked improvement in the radiologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the jaw.
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PMID:[Radiologic features of osteosarcoma of the jaw]. 761 94

Head and neck bone sarcomas are very uncommon tumors. Therefore, treatment modalities are not clearly established. The medical record of 12 patients with bone sarcoma of the jaw were reviewed. Six patients with osteosarcoma underwent primary chemotherapy followed by wide surgical resection, radiation therapy or combined radiosurgical treatment. The 2 and 5 years survivals were 66% and 40% respectively. Five patients with chondrosarcoma were treated by wide surgical resection alone or combined with postoperative radiotherapy and possibly chemotherapy. All patients were alive; the mean follow-up was 9 years. One patient had Ewing's tumor. Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma in head and neck patients have a high rate of local recurrences. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Patients with voluminous tumors and high-grade lesions should receive postoperative radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy has not been defined.
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PMID:[Treatment of primary bone sarcoma of the jaws]. 793 61

Multidisciplinary care and advances in chemotherapy have dramatically improved the prognosis of paediatric sarcoma patients, but much work remains. There are new techniques for molecular diagnosis of Ewing's sarcomas and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, with molecular techniques of staging and subclassification under development. Osteosarcoma is a clinically heterogeneous disease which continues to resist biologic diagnosis, classification, or staging. In chemotherapy, the roles of ifosfamide and doxorubicin in rhabdomyosarcoma treatment remain unclear. While many children with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas undergo massive therapy with peripheral stem cell or autologous marrow rescue, the efficacy of these manoeuvres is debatable. Osteosarcoma appears to respond best to regimens containing doxorubicin and cisplatin, while the roles of alkylating agents, high-dose methotrexate, and carboplatin remain unclear. Ewing's sarcoma treatment increasingly includes surgery because of the risk of secondary osteosarcoma after radiation. Most osteosarcoma patients now have limb-sparing excisions, though amputation may provide better function and cosmesis with less risk of complications in some patients. The role of multimodal treatment including chemotherapy for the miscellaneous soft tissue sarcomas remains uncertain.
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PMID:Problems and controversies in the management of childhood sarcomas. 903 35

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent second primary cancer occurring during the first 20 years following treatment for a solid cancer in childhood. Using a cohort study of children treated for a solid cancer, we investigated the incidence and etiology of osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm after childhood cancer in a cohort and a case-control study. We analysed the relationship between the local dose of radiation and the risk of osteosarcoma, taking into account chemotherapy received. A cohort study of 4,400 3-year survivors of a first solid cancer during childhood diagnosed in France or the United Kingdom, between 1942 and 1986, revealed 32 subsequent osteosarcomas. In a nested case-control study, we matched 32 cases and 160 controls for sex, type of first cancer, age at first cancer and the duration of follow-up. Parameters studied were the incidence of osteosarcoma, the cumulative local dose of irradiation and the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received by cases and controls. The risk of a osteosarcoma was found to be a linear function of the local dose of radiation (excess relative risk per gray=1.8), and was found to increase with the number of moles of electrophilic agents per square meter but not with other drugs. No interaction was noted between radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Bilateral retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma were found to render patients susceptible to a higher risk of developing an osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm. We recommend long-term surveillance of patients who were treated during childhood for bilateral retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, as well as other first cancer treated with radiotherapy plus high doses of chemotherapy, without focusing exclusively on the radiation field.
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PMID:Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of osteosarcoma after solid tumours during childhood. 966 98

CD40, a membrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is expressed by several tumor types, including B-cell lymphomas, carcinomas, and melanoma, but little is known concerning its expression by sarcoma. We used flow cytometry to analyze the expression of CD40 in human cell lines derived from 12 osteosarcomas, 6 Ewing's sarcomas, and 5 rhabdomyosarcomas. Detectable CD40 levels ranging from low to very high were found in one-third of osteosarcomas, whereas five of six Ewing's sarcomas expressed intermediate levels of CD40; all rhabdomyosarcomas were CD40-negative. At the tissue level, two of eight primary high-grade osteosarcomas showed CD40-positive immunostaining. Osteosarcoma cells and Ewing's sarcoma cells expressing CD40 were treated with recombinant soluble CD40 ligand to analyze CD40 function. Treatment with soluble CD40 ligand increased the level of apoptotic cells and stimulated the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene, enhancing matrix metalloproteinase 9 enzyme secretion. The results indicate that in human osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, CD40 is a functional receptor whose engagement can have opposite effects on tumor cell survival and malignancy.
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PMID:Expression of functional CD40 on human osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma cells. 971 10

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor, mainly occurring in the second and third decade of life. Diagnosis is limited to clinical symptoms, radiology and histology, but so far no diagnostic laboratory tests are available. Heat shock proteins (hsp), highly conserved proteins performing vital intracellular chaperoning functions and preventing cells from death, have been shown to be involved in tumor immunity. We analyzed 75 sera from 23 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma, 8 patients with chondrosarcoma, 10 patients with Ewing's sarcoma, 5 patients with soft tissue sarcoma, 11 patients with benign bone tumors at the time of diagnosis and from 18 healthy controls with an indirect one-site enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of anti-hsp60 and 70 antibodies. In these assays 10/23 osteosarcoma patients (43%) had anti-hsp60 antibodies with a mean +/- S.D. titer of 0.382 +/- 0.243 U/ml. Only one of the 18 healthy controls (1/18, 5.6%; titer 0.22 U/ml), two of the Ewing's sarcoma patients (2/10, 20%; titer 0.2 +/- 0.09 U/ml), two of the patients with a benign bone tumor (2/11, 18%; titer 0.22 +/- 0.16 U/ml) and one of the chondrosarcoma patients (1/8, 12.5%; titer 0.14 U/ml) were positive, whereas all others, including all soft tissue sarcomas were negative throughout. Anti-hsp60 antibodies in patients with osteosarcoma are therefore significantly increased (p < 0.05). 19/23 (83%) of osteosarcoma biopsy specimens expressed hsp60 immunohistochemically and all specimens from patients with a positive anti-hsp60 serum titer expressed hsp60. The level of the anti-hsp60 antibodies did not correlate with clinical parameters such as response to preoperative chemotherapy, duration of symptoms, age, gender, tumor size, serum alkaline-phosphatase levels and metastases. Although no difference in anti-hsp70 antibodies could be observed between sera from patients and healthy controls, a positive correlation was found for the presence of anti-hsp70 serum antibodies and lung metastases at the time of diagnosis in osteosarcoma patients. These data suggest an increase of anti-hsp60 antibodies at the time of first diagnosis of osteosarcoma. These findings should therefore give rise to further investigations on a group of new markers for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Serum antibodies against the heat shock protein 60 are elevated in patients with osteosarcoma. 1077 93

The treatment of osteosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the family physician, orthopedic oncologist, medical oncologist, radiologist and pathologist. Osteosarcoma is a mesenchymally derived, high-grade bone sarcoma. It is the third most common malignancy in children and adolescents. The most frequent sites of origin are the distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus. Patients typically present with pain, swelling, localized enlargement of the extremity and, occasionally, pathologic fracture. Most patients present with localized disease. Radiographs commonly demonstrate a mixed sclerotic and lytic lesion arising in the metaphyseal region of the involved bone. Computed tomography and bone scanning are recommended to detect pulmonary and bone metastases, respectively. Before 1970, osteosarcomas were treated with amputation. Survival was poor: 80 percent of patients died from metastatic disease. With the development of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy protocols, advances in surgical techniques and improvements in radiologic staging studies, 90 to 95 percent of patients with osteosarcoma can now be treated with limb-sparing resection and reconstruction. Long-term survival and cure rates have increased to between 60 and 80 percent in patients with localized disease.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. 1192 89


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