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Query: UMLS:C1522057 (Colitis)
 3,500 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1975, 375 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Oporto have been studied; 180 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 195 had Crohn's disease (CD). The steady rise in the number of patients observed suggests that the incidence of IBD is rising in the north of Portugal. At diagnosis UC was mild or moderate in 75.5% of patients, and 40.5% had rectal affection only. Colectomy was done only in two cases. The mortality was 1.1%. Clinical experience suggests that the behaviour of UC in this community may be milder than that reported at other centres. In CD patients ileitis was the commonest form (44.1%), and at diagnosis surgery was required for an acute condition of the abdomen in 22.5% of cases. The main complications were abdominal fistulae (22.1%) and perianal fistulae (21.5%). Colitis-related extraintestinal complications were present in 33.3% of IBD patients.
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PMID:Inflammatory bowel disease in Oporto. A prospective hospital study. 261 89

We examined fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to determine whether the reported deficit in pregnancies in their spouses was due to reduced reproductive capacity. The cases were 106 men with Crohn's disease and 62 with ulcerative colitis drawn from the rosters of North Carolina chapters of the National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis. The 140 normal controls were neighbors identified by the cases. There were 186 pregnancies among the spouses of men with Crohn's disease, 110 among the ulcerative colitis group, and 300 among the controls. The mean number of pregnancies among the Crohn's disease patients (1.75 +/- 0.12) was significantly lower than the number for controls (2.14 +/- 0.11), p less than 0.02. The reduction in the mean number of pregnancies among patients with ulcerative colitis (1.77 +/- 0.18) was not significantly different from controls (p less than 0.07). Analysis of waiting time to conception showed that fecundability (the probability of pregnancy in a menstrual cycle) was not different in spouses of IBD patients and controls. We conclude that the overall reproductive capacity of men with IBD is not markedly diminished.
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PMID:Male infertility in inflammatory bowel disease. 276 Apr 29

A team of lay counsellors was trained by the Nottingham Counselling Centre to provide advice to members of the East Midlands branch of the National Association for Colitis and Crohn's Disease. Initial contact was by telephone and the results of the first 25 client/counsellor discussions are presented. Twenty enquiries were made directly by the patient and 5 by a relative of the patient. All but two of the patients were women. The median age of the patients was 52 years with a median duration of symptoms of 3 years. A failure of communication between the patient and other people underlay most of the problems discussed. Eighteen people welcomed the opportunity simply to talk; in 10 cases there was little rapport with their own doctor and in 8 cases people felt too embarrassed to discuss their problems with friends or relatives. This sense of isolation had been anticipated by counsellors from their own experience and may be a substantial, but as yet unrecognized problem amongst many patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:A preliminary report on the role of lay counselling amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 318 11

The authors reviewed 49 double-contrast and 27 single-contrast barium-enema examinations (BE) in 71 children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease. The diagnosis was proved in 41 patients, of whom 36 underwent proctoscopy and 5 had advanced disease which was treated surgically within 3 to 30 days after BE; the other 30 children served as controls. BE and proctoscopy were compared with regard to sensitivity (detection of disease) and accuracy (categorization as ulcerative or granulomatous colitis). Sensitivity was 93% for double-contrast and 82% for single-contrast BE. Both detected all cases of advanced disease; in early disease, double-contrast BE detected 91% of cases and single-contrast BE 70%. Colitis was correctly categorized as ulcerative or granulomatous in 93% with double-contrast BE and 86% with single-contrast BE. Specificity within the control group was 100% with both techniques. The authors conclude that both types of BE exhibit similar sensitivity in advanced disease, but the double-contrast technique is more accurate in detecting early disease.
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PMID:Ulcerative and granulomatous colitis in children. Comparison of double- and single-contrast studies. 396 68

8 patients with normal sigmoidoscopic appearances and normal results by high-quality air contrast barium enema had substantial or total colitis diagnosed for the first time at colonoscopy performed within a month of the radiological examination. Colitis was confirmed in all 8 patients by histological examination of biopsy specimens. Barium enema radiographs were independently reviewed by three experienced observers who also reviewed other normal and abnormal radiographs. One observer regarded all 8 sets of radiographs from the patients with colitis as being of normal appearance, and 4 patients were reported as having normal radiographs by all three observers. All 7 of the rectal biopsy specimens taken showed histological features of inflammatory bowel disease. This emphasises the importance of performing a rectal biopsy in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause.
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PMID:Colonoscopic diagnosis of minimal change colitis in patients with a normal sigmoidoscopy and normal air-contrast barium enema. 612 66

Until recently the psychological and social factors related to inflammatory bowel disease have been studied as causes rather than as consequences of this condition. This study looks at the impact of these diseases by investigating correlates of psychological adjustment to inflammatory bowel disease. A curvilinear hypothesis predicted that patient adjustment to living with the disease would be related to the amount of information possessed about the disease, and that this relationship would be mediated by the patient's degree of private self-consciousness. Questionnaire returned by 143 members of the Houston Chapter of the National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis were analyzed. Results indicate that a patient's general level of self-esteem and social competence is the best predictor of disease-related adjustment. Information and adjustment were inversely related for patients with a high degree of private self-consciousness, and unrelated at lower levels of this variable. Perception of control through information predicted adjustment better than information per se.
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PMID:Psychological adjustment to inflammatory bowel disease: informational control and private self-consciousness. 708 50

That inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is just another possible facet of allergy is shown by the alleviation of IBD following allergy testing and treatment. This is further borne out by the findings in a survey (questionnaire) of local members of the National Foundation of Ileitis and Colitis (NFIC) in which 70% of individuals with IBD listed other symptoms which were judged to be "Possibly Allergic."
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PMID:Inflammatory bowel disease: another possible effect of the allergic diathesis. 725 45

Enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation by stimulated NO synthase (NOS) activity may, through its oxidative metabolism contribute to tissue injury in experimental colitis. In this study the possible amelioration of experimental colitis by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NOS activity, was evaluated. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNB) dissolved in 0.25 ml 50% ethanol or by flushing the colon of capsaicin pretreated rats with 2 ml of 5% acetic acid. In several experiments, L-NAME 0.1 mg/ml was added to the drinking water at the time of colitis induction with TNB or seven days before acetic acid treatment. Rats were killed at various time intervals after induction of colitis. A 10 cm distal colonic segment was isolated, weighed, lesion area measured, and explants organ cultured for 24 hours for determination of NO generation by the Greiss reaction. The rest of the mucosa was scraped for determination of myeloperoxidase and NOS activities and leukotriene generation. In TNB treated rats mean arterial pressure was also determined up to 72 hours after damage induction, with or without cotreatment with nitroprusside. L-NAME significantly decreased the extent of tissue injury in TNB treated rats. Seven days after TNB treatment lesion area was reduced by 55%, colonic weight by 37%, and myeloperoxidase and NOS activity by 59% and 42%, respectively. Acetic acid induced colitis in capsaicin pretreated rats was also significantly decreased by L-NAME. Twenty four hours after acetic acid treatment lesion area was reduced by 61%, colonic weight by 21% and NOS activity by 39%. Mean (SEM) arterial blood pressure in TNB+L-NAME treated rats was 37.6 (8.1) mm Hg higher than in TNB treated rats, an effect that was only partially abolished by nitroprusside. These results show that inhibition of NO synthesis by an L-arginine analogue significantly ameliorates the extent of tissue injury in two models of experimental colitis, an effect that is not due only to its vasoconstrictor properties. Modulation of NO generation may be a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Experimental colitis is ameliorated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. 867 8

The influx of monocytes and neutrophils into the inflamed tissue could be an important aspect in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A membrane protein involved in the monocyte/neutrophil adherence to endothelium is CD11b/CD18 or alpha M beta 2 (complement receptor type 3 = CR3). In the present study the role of CD11b/CD18 in experimental IBD was studied by treatment with ED7 and OX42, two MoAbs against CD11b/CD18. Colitis was induced in rats by a single, rectal administration of 30 mg 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) dissolved in ethanol 30%. Two hours before and 3 days after induction of colitis, the animals were given an i.v. dose of 0.5 mg of either ED7 or OX42 in 1 ml PBS. Controls received PBS or an irrelevant MoAb. Four days after the last treatment with the antibodies, the rats were killed, and macroscopic damage scores of the colon were determined. Macrophages and granulocytes were studied by immunohistochemistry and quantified by Interaktives Bild Analysen System (IBAS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue was measured. After treatment with ED7 and OX42 the mean damage score of the colon was reduced from 4.2 in IBD animals to 1.0 and 1.3, respectively. Smaller areas of ulcerations and a decrease in the number of ulcerations were observed compared with PBS-treated rats. Furthermore, the amount of infiltrating monocytes and leucocytes in the submucosa was enormously reduced, as well as MPO activity in the colonic tissue. These results show that treatment with MoAbs against CD11b/CD18 reduces clinical signs of experimental IBD in rats by a partial blockade of infiltrating macrophages and granulocytes.
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PMID:Anti-CD11b/CD18 antibodies reduce inflammation in acute colitis in rats. 764 20

In this article, the authors describe the steps in the development of a Crohn and colitis support group for teenagers age 11-18 years and their parents. The use of support groups has been described in the literature as a method of assisting families in dealing with the challenges of chronic illness. The Crohn's Disease and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) Self-Help Support Group design was modified to address the developmental needs of teens. Nine families agreed to attend six support group sessions (first hour: for education; second hour: for support). A survey at the end of the sessions indicated that the teens and their parents had more positive attitudes towards Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a result of their participation in the support group. The design for a support group for teens and families with Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a model applicable to other types of healthcare support groups.
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PMID:An inflammatory bowel disease support group for teens and their parents. 798 Dec 49


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