Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1522057 (Colitis)
 3,500 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colitis associated with antibiotics, particularly with lincomycin and clindamycin, is a well established entity. The colitis may be clinically and radiologically very difficult to distinguish from inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A wide spectrum of pathological features is described with various antibiotics. However, the pathological picture in the pseudomembranous form is quite distinctive. The most important histological findings include a "mushroom-like" or "explosive" appearance of the pseudomembrane with a sudden transition to normal mucosa adjacent to the lesion. Rectal biopsy is both an accurate and a rapid method of establishing the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotics. 99 48

This paper reviews our five years' clinical experience (1987 to 1991) of 22 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There were 12 patients with Crohn's disease and 10 patients with ulcerative colitis. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.7 years (2 to 14 years). Clinical impressions before referral were chronic diarrhea in 11, irritable bowel syndrome in 5, colon polyp in 4, lymphoma in 3, intestinal tuberculosis in 2, amoebic colitis in 2, ulcerative colitis in 2 children and other diseases. The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of IBD was 18 months. Diagnosis of Crohn's disease was delayed for more than 13 months in 8 (67%), whereas that of ulcerative colitis was delayed for more than 13 months in 4 (40%). Diarrhea (50%), abdominal pain (36%) and rectal bleeding (36%) were the three most frequent presenting complaints of IBD. Moderately severe abdominal pain was a more common chief complaint in Crohn's disease (58%) than in ulcerative colitis (10%). Hematochezia (90% vs 17%) and moderately severe diarrhea (90% vs 75%) were more common gastrointestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease. The associated extraintestinal manifestations were oral ulcer in 7, arthralgia in 11 and arthritis in 4, skin lesions in 2, eye lesions in 2 and growth failure in 9 patients. Of 12 children with Crohn's disease, granuloma was found in 5, aphthous ulcerations in 8, cobble stone appearance in 8, skip area or asymmetric lesions in 6, transmural involvement in 7, and perianal fistula in 3. Among 10 children with ulcerative Colitis, there were crypt abscess in 8, granularity or friability in 10 and rectosigmoid ulcerations with purulent exudate in 8 children. The main sites of involvement in children with Crohn's disease were both the small and large bowels in 7 (58%), small bowel only in 2 (16%), and colon only in 3 (25%). Terminal ileum involvement was seen in 75% of Crohn's disease cases. The main sites of involvement in children with ulcerative colitis were total colon in 4 (40%), up to the splenic flexure in 2 (20%), rectosigmoid in 3 (30%) and rectum only in one (10%). Medical treatment including sulfasalazine, and systemic or topical steroid was administered initially in most patients. Seven of 12 patients with Crohn's disease and 2 of 10 patients with ulcerative colitis were operated on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Inflammatory bowel disease in children--clinical, endoscopic, radiologic and histopathologic investigation. 128 21

The mucosal protective prostaglandin analogs misoprostol, enisoprost, and SC-46275 (the 17E-18-cyclopentenyl analog of enisoprost) were tested in mouse and rat colitis induced by the intrarectal instillation of dilute acetic acid. Colitis was assessed by histology and colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (a neutrophil marker enzyme). When given as enemas 30 min ahead of colitis induction, 15(R)-15-methyl-PGE2 (arbaprostil) and 15(S)-15-methyl-PGE1 were inactive; however, misoprostol, enisoprost, and SC-46275 protected against colonic inflammation with ED50 values of 24, 12 and 1.3 micrograms/kg, respectively, in rats and 11, 5, and 1 micrograms/kg, respectively, in mice. These compounds may have utility in the medical management of human inflammatory bowel disease.
 ...
PMID:Mucosal protective activity of prostaglandin analogs in rodent colonic inflammation. 133 49

We report the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) Health Status Scales that improve on existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity measures by their added association with health status. We surveyed 991 members of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) and analyzed the half with greater disease activity (114 UC, 330 CD, ostomies excluded). Our analysis strategy involved (a) identification of items that discriminated active from inactive disease, (b) factor analysis to reduce the items to clusters sharing common symptom relationships, and (c) regression analysis to select those variables best associated with a composite measure of health status (health care use, daily function, psychologic distress). The factor analyses yielded two indexes for UC and CD: "Diarrhea," and "Other GI symptoms" (Cronbach's alpha 0.59-0.84). The regression analyses for both diseases showed that poorer well-being, the Diarrhea index, and dependence on medication for pain were associated with poorer health status. For UC, lower educational attainment and lower steroid dose, and for CD, the Other GI symptoms index and eye disease, also correlated with poorer health status. By design, the UC and CD Scales are better predictors of health status than the survey version of the CD Activity Index (CDAI), explaining 17 and 21% more of the variance of the health status measure. The final UC and CD Health Status Scales can be used in research and clinical care. They contain symptom items used to assess disease activity and also correlate with health status. Prospective assessment is needed to confirm their accuracy in assessing prognosis and treatment response.
 ...
PMID:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease health status scales for research and clinical practice. 140 20

Quality of life with inflammatory bowel disease has not been well examined. Recently, a questionnaire to determine subjective health status for patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been developed and verified. To examine the quality of life in a group of "well" outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease, we developed a self-administered form of this questionnaire containing 36 questions identifiable to five dimensions: systemic symptoms, bowel symptoms, functional impairment, social impairment, and emotional function. We identified outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease through the local chapter of the Ileitis and Colitis Foundation and distributed 396 questionnaires, by mail, with 182 being returned completed (46% response rate). Forty-eight age- and sex-matched controls filled out and returned an identical questionnaire. Response options for each question were framed on a seven-point scale in which 7 represented best function and 1 represented worst function. Male-to-female ratio and mean age were similar to those of controls for the inflammatory bowel disease group. In each dimension, as well as globally, the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease was significantly worse than that for their age- and sex-matched controls. In conclusion, this survey demonstrates that inflammatory bowel disease adversely affects quality of life in a highly motivated group of "well" outpatients when compared to an age- and sex-matched population.
 ...
PMID:Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease. 155 2

We used rosters of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America to identify potential cases and peer-nominated controls to explore the reported association between oral contraceptives and inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, women who used oral contraceptives were at increased risk of developing Crohn's disease (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-2.26). The findings persisted after adjustment for age at symptom onset, decade of onset, education, marital status, and location of disease. There was an interaction with cigarette smoking; the risk associated with oral contraceptives was elevated in current smokers (odds ratio = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.22-5.75), but not in former smokers or never-smokers. The risk was not elevated for ulcerative colitis (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.65-1.85).
 ...
PMID:Oral contraceptive use and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. 163 2

We randomly surveyed 997 members of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America with inflammatory bowel disease (320 ulcerative colitis and 671 Crohn's disease) in order to: (1) assess their health status, (2) compare members with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and (3) determine the correlates of health care use. Data collection included variables relating to physical and psychological symptoms, medication use, daily functional status, perceptions of health, and coping styles. The findings indicate that: (1) despite a number of symptoms and complications related to inflammatory bowel disease, the health status of this population is generally good and may be a result of effective coping styles; (2) those with Crohn's disease have more psychosocial difficulties, which appear related to greater symptom severity; (3) both psychosocial and physical health variables are related to number of physician visits, while primarily physical health variables are related to number of hospitalizations and surgeries. Further studies are needed to determine the representativeness of this self-selected sample with others having IBD. In this study, we have provided the basis for developing a more sensitive measure of health status than currently exists, and one which may have implications for future clinical studies.
 ...
PMID:Health status and health care use in persons with inflammatory bowel disease. A national sample. 174 45

The efficacy and safety of therapy with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine was studied in 78 patients with Crohn's disease. Mean duration of therapy was 1.6 years; 52 patients were treated greater than or equal to 6 months. All patients were also on other antiinflammatory medications. Evaluations included self-assessment and physician's assessment of well-being, functional capacity, general clinical response, clinical activities indices (National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis/International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Harvey-Bradshaw), and achievement of specific therapeutic goals. General clinical condition improved in 70% of the patients. Median response time was 3 months. The average Harvey-Bradshaw score decreased 37% with therapy, and a decrease of greater than or equal to 30% occurred in 66% of the subjects. An overall 72% achievement rate for specified therapeutic goals included controlling refractory disease, 73%; corticosteroid "sparing," 76%; and lessening fistulization, 63%. Nine patients got worse despite therapy. Adverse effects requiring discontinuation of therapy occurred in 10%, whereas dosages were briefly lowered for mild side effects in another 10%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine in the majority of selected patients with chronic, unremitting, or steroid-requiring Crohn's disease.
 ...
PMID:Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease. 172 77

Neutrophil (PMNL) infiltration of inflamed colonic tissue is a prominent feature of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colitis was established in New Zealand white rabbits by the intrarectal instillation of 1.5 mg/kg (in 10 ml 20% ethanol) phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and assessed by visual grading of colonic inflammation, levels of the neutrophil marker enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histological examination. After 24 h there was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in MPO levels in the PMA-treated colons compared to ethanol control. There was also increased inflammation based on visual scoring. Histologically, PMA-treated colons were necrotic with focal ulceration, heavy PMNL infiltration and edema at 24 h; by 96 h colitis was sustained with mild edema, crypt abscesses, and a staining pattern suggesting altered mucus quality. These results suggest that PMA-induced colitis in rabbits may be a new model of IBD in which to evaluate drugs known to mitigate the inflammatory process.
 ...
PMID:Colonic inflammation in the rabbit induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. 215 61

The epidemiological understanding of inflammatory bowel disease has been limited by the referral bases of most inflammatory bowel disease studies. The Colitis-Ileitis Study Group of Rochester, N.Y., developed a community-wide, computerized cumulative registry of all inflammatory bowel disease patients hospitalized at the 8 community hospitals for 1973-86. Clinical data were abstracted from each of the 1651 identified hospital charts. All of these patients resided in Monroe County (city and suburbs) and the 5 contiguous counties (Genesee/Finger Lakes Region, population 1,030,640). Of the 1651 hospital patients identified in the study, 1358 resided in Monroe County (Rochester and its immediate suburbs, population 702,238). Incidence, defined as time of onset of symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, rose from baseline rates in the 1930s to peak in 1980 (Crohn's disease = 50.29/10(5) per decade, ulcerative colitis = 35.12/10(5) per decade) and declined through 1986. For Crohn's disease, the age-specific incidence rates peaked in the 20-29-yr-old group in each of the 5 decades studied. Ulcerative colitis seems to occur at all ages and may have a bimodal distribution. There was a period effect, with the 1970s having the highest incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis for each age group. However, the age-specific incidence rate for Crohn's disease showed a 40% decrease in the 1980s compared with the 1970s in the 10-39-yr-old group (p less than 0.001). The age-specific incidence rate for ulcerative colitis showed a 50% decrease in the 1980s compared with the 1970s in the 10-49-yr-old group (p less than 0.001).
 ...
PMID:An epidemiologic study of inflammatory bowel disease in Rochester, New York. Hospital incidence. 229 67


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>