Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of patients with carcinoma of the prostate undergoing therapeutic regimes with curative intent, 15-23% will ultimately relapse and 16-35% will need some sort of salvage therapy within 5 years. Of relapsing patients, 50% will have local recurrence and 50% systemic disease with or without local recurrence. Therefore, localization of recurrent prostate cancer is critical for selecting a local or systemic therapeutic strategy. Modern fusion imaging with PET/CT and 11C/18F-choline or 11C-acetate has augmented the diagnostic imaging spectrum for assessment of relapsing prostate cancer. In 60-70% of patients with biochemical relapse, recurrent tumor can be detected and anatomically precisely localized. Detection sensitivity is probably negatively correlated with serum PSA concentration. Below a PSA level of 1 ng/ml, mean detection sensitivity is probably 50-66%. Fusion imaging with 11C-choline PET/CT and MRI possesses a high potential for early localization of recurrent prostate carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:[PET and PET/CT in relapsing prostate carcinoma]. 1700 98

Amotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis is based on clinical and electrophysiological findings. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and MRI can show abnormalities which are not specific, but which can confirm upper motor neuron involvement. The other tests are performed to exclude differential diagnosis. Tests which should be performed in every cases are: medullar MRI, blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, serum protein electrophoresis, calcium, phosphore, serological tests for HIV, siphylis, Lyme disease. Other tests are made in some clinical circonstances to exclude genetical disease or metabolic disorders (SMN gene, Kennedy gene, Hexosaminidase A, very long chaine fatty acids), haematological or paraneoplasic disorders (anti-neurons antibodies, PSA, CT of chest and abdomen, mammography, bone marrow biopsy) or inclusion myositis (muscle biopsy).
 ...
PMID:[What is the role of other complementary examination in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?]. 1712 90

Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and bone. The incidence of dissemination has been reduced over the last years mainly due to the compost use of PSA. For this reason, the indication of complementary diagnostic tests has evolved with the aim of improving the diagnostic yield. Some of these techniques are currently under evaluation and may contribute in the close future to change the study of dissemination in the clinical practice. CT scan or MRI are the standard imaging studies for lymph node dissemination, whereas bone scan continues to be the routine test for bone dissemination.
 ...
PMID:[The diagnosis of prostate cancer dissemination]. 1728 14

MRI has shown its potential in prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. MRI is able to demonstrate zonal anatomy with excellent contrast resolution. Furthermore it can detect PCa dependent not only on tumor-size, histological grading, PSA levels, but also on technical equipment and reader's experience. Non-palpable PCas in the inner and outer gland can be detected by this technique. Another potential is that MRI is helpful for tumor staging and treatment planning as well as response evaluation. Besides the morphological information, MRI can give functional information based on metabolic evaluation with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and of tumor angiogenesis based on dynamic contrast-material enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. In addition MRI can be used for targeted prostate biopsies; however, the clinical practicability is questionable. Furthermore many data about the value of MRI for PCa diagnosis are based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy findings. Since there is lack of accuracy in fusing MRI images with TRUS images these limit the results of MRI for cancer diagnosis. However, in the future MRI may play an additional role in planning and monitoring minimally invasive PCa therapies. Although, MRI of the prostate seems to be useful, nevertheless this method remains expensive and lacks availability regarding the oncoming requirements.
 ...
PMID:Value of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis. 1756 54

A 79-year-old man was referred to our hospital with urinary retention in August 2004. Because the serum PSA was 2,9 39 ng/mL,we performed transabdominal prostatic needle biopsy. Pathological examination of the prostate revealed conventional adenocarcinoma. CT scans and MRI showed a huge mass and lymph node metastasis. He was treated with diethyl stilbestrol diphosphate,followed by maximal androgen blockade therapy,and the serum PSA level decreased favorably. Follow-up CT revealed prostate and lymph node metastasis were reduced, but liver metastases, measuring 45 x 34 mm and 28 x 24 mm, respectively, were newly recognized in February 2006. The NSE level was high at 88.5 ng/mL, so a percutaneous liver biopsy was performed,and pathological examination of the liver revealed metastatic prostate cancer which showed neuroendocrine differentiation. The treatment was changed to chemotherapy comprising cisplatin and irinotecan. After three courses of the chemotherapy,liver metastasis was reduced in CT scans.
 ...
PMID:[Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate effectively treated by cisplatin and irinotecan--a case report]. 1768 24

According to d'Amico's criteria, high-risk localized prostate cancer are defined either by an extracapsular extension (T3 or T4), either by a high Gleason score (> 7) or a PSA rate higher than 20 ng/ml. Pelvic lymph node involvement also corresponds to locally advanced prostate cancer. Statistical models called nomograms have been developed to predict the probability of prostate cancer recurrence and are also used to define locally advanced patients. Prostate MRI may help to detect an extracapsular extension or a seminal vesicles involvement but remains still discussed. A bone scan, an abdominal and pelvic CT scan have to be performed in order to detect metastases. A pelvic lymph node dissection is recommended in order to adapt the treatment of these patients. Standard treatment for high-risk localized prostate cancer without lymph node involvement is now well defined. The association of both local radiation and a long androgen deprivation (GnHR agonist) showed an overall survival benefit (more than 10%). The radiation dose of 74 Gy is recommended. Other questions are still debating : the optimal duration of the hormonotherapy , the use of the bicalutamide 150 mg instead of GnRH agonists, the optimal radiation dose. Radical prostatectomy is no more considered as a standard treatment for these patients. Since the use of chemotherapy for metastatic patients showed a benefit in overall survival, the place of chemotherapy as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatment is questionned in several randomized phase III studies. Sometimes high-risk disease is diagnosed after performance of a radical prostatectomy. A postoperative radiation may be performed in order to decrease clinical and biochemical progression. The use of bicalutamide 150 mg in this situation may have a positive impact too on progression free survival. In case of lymph node involvement, androgen deprivation is the standard treatment with an overall survival benefit. The place of local radiation therapy is still debating.
 ...
PMID:[Locally advanced prostate cancer: definition, prognosis and treatment]. 1784 94

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in Europe, North America, and in some African states. Early diagnosis in an asymptomatic stage is possible through the combination of digitorectal examination, PSA serum testing, and systematic biopsy. However, general screening is so far not recommended by the Urologic Societies, because the efficiency is not yet proved. Imaging is also not recommended for first-line screening. Novel functional methods of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and endorectal MRI can improve accuracy of tumor detection to more than 90% and can be used for TRUS- and now also MRI-guided biopsy leading to two- to threefold higher tumor detection rates. There is general agreement that all men over 50 years of age should be informed about the possibilities, benefits, and risks of the available methods for early tumor detection.
 ...
PMID:[Prostate carcinoma]. 1790 38

MRI spectroscopy is a non invasive method for detecting active metabolites used as markers. Chorine and citrate are used for analyzing prostate cancer. MRI spectroscopy combines morphologic imaging and metabolic cartography. This combination allows a new approach for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with negative biopsy and high Levels of PSA. With MRI spectroscopy the Local staging of prostate cancer has a better accuracy than with MRI alone. It can also be used for the diagnosis of residual disease and recurrence in patients treated with conservative therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Prostate MRI spectroscopy]. 1826 Jun 5

During the last ASCO meeting in Chicago, multiple presentations focused on prostate cancer. Several prognostic factors have been developed, either at the initial stage or early during treatment. At the localized stage, the change in prostate volume, evaluated using MRI after 2 months of hormone therapy, is a strong predictor of recurrence following the combination of radiotherapy with hormone therapy. At the metastatic hormone-refractory stage, the initial number of circulating tumour cells is of interest. Early change during chemotherapy is a strong predictor of efficacy and survival. In these patients, survival is predicted by the initial level of PSA and the time in which it doubles. The biological response is not associated with the overall survival, and therefore should not be considered as a reliable surrogate marker, leading to a new definition of response criteria for phase II trials. The EORTC trial 22961 clearly demonstrated that prolonged hormone therapy combined with radiotherapy is better than a few months of hormone therapy in locally advanced disease. This was also shown in a reanalysis of the RTOG 8531 trial. Results from prospective randomized trials on intermittent hormone treatment are growing, with a randomized trial in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease and with a median follow up of more than 50 months. The definition of hormone-refractory status should be reconsidered with the development of new hormonal blockers. The use of Docetaxel is changing, with increasing experimental use at earlier stages. Although Atrasentan did not achieve its objectives, Satraplatin (an oral platinum salt) seems to be of interest in second line chemotherapy in a large phase 3 trial of more than 900 patients with hormone-refractory metastases.
 ...
PMID:Prostate cancer at the 2007 ASCO meeting: an urologist's perspective. 1854 May 66

The purpose of the study was to relate morphometric features of prostate cancers in the anterior compartment of the prostate by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to subsequent histopathologic findings. We prospectively performed DCE-MRI before biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer and selected those showing both a suspicious lesion at MRI and positive biopsies in the anterior compartment of the gland. Tumor contours, margins, largest surface areas and volumes were assessed at MRI and histopathology, when available. Anterior compartment tumors were classified according to transition zone (TZ) boundaries with the peripheral zone (PZ) or with the anterior fibromuscular stroma (SFMA). Forty-three patients were included in this study [median PSA 12.7 ng/ml (3.6-72)]. Whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens were available in 27 cases. Of the anterior cancers, 89% had ill-defined margins at T2-weighted MRI. Cancer location and contour established at MRI agreed well with histopathology in the 27 cases. Median largest surface area and volume were 1.38 cm(2) (0.35-5.82) and 1.01 cc (0.15-7.4) for MRI versus 1.86 cm(2) (0.2-14) and 2.84 cc (0.33-28.92) for histopathology with respective correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.73 and 0.69. The site of origin could be accurately determined for the 15 tumors of less than 3 cc. We found a good relationship between DCE-MRI and histopathology for localization, morphologic description and volume assessment of anterior prostate cancers.
 ...
PMID:Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of anterior prostate cancer: morphometric assessment and correlation with radical prostatectomy findings. 1875 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>