Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of endogenous lectins, visualized by labelled neoglycoproteins, and of defined oligosaccharide structures, reactive with plant lectins, during fetal development of the fingers was analyzed in sections of human 3- to 8-month-old fetal specimens. Chondrogenesis as well as ossification were correlated with characteristic modulations in the expression of both glycoligand-binding molecules and characteristic carbohydrate structures. Occurrence of xylose-specific receptors was judged to be an early sign of cartilage development. Similarly, alpha-mannosyl residues that had been attached to labelled carrier proteins were strongly bound by the extracellular matrix already during early stages of finger maturation. Staining intensity for heparin gradually increased during chondrogenesis, whereas affinity for mannose showed a stage-related decline. Binding of mannose-6-phosphate was confined to hypertrophied cartilage of primary ossification centers. Accessible binding sites for terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine moieties were detected only in osteoid. In addition to monitoring the sugar-binding capacity, presence and developmental regulation of distinct carbohydrate structures were also assessed. PSA and SBA enabled the demonstration of an abrupt loss of staining affinity in the zone of maturing hypertrophic cartilage. Succinylated WGA proved to be an apparently useful marker of evolving bone tissue. GSL-II binding was restricted to chondroclasts and osteoclasts. The findings of this investigation are consistent with the supposed role of glycoconjugate-lectin interactions in cartilage and bone development.
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PMID:Distribution patterns of neoglycoprotein-binding sites (endogenous lectins) and lectin-reactive glycoconjugates during cartilage and bone formation in human finger. 877 14

An inability or decreased ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) may be at the origin of many cases of poorly explained or idiopathic infertility. It would be clinically useful to be able to distinguish this condition from other causes of infertility. A major problem in testing the sperm-ZP binding ability is the paucity of biological ZP. Examination of whether sperm binding to PNA-, UEA-1-, WGA-, Con A-, or PSA-coated agarose microbeads reflected sperm binding to biological ZP and correlated with in vitro fertilization rates showed that only binding to WGA-coated microbeads showed significant positive and negative predictive values when compared to IVF rates in 2 x 2 contingency. Sperm binding to PNA, Con A, and PSA was indiscriminately high, irrespective of IVF rate. Human spermatozoa did not bind to UEA-1-coated agarose microbeads. Furthermore, sperm binding to WGA-coated microbeads correlated with sperm morphology ratings. These results implicate terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and/or sialic acid (specific saccharides for WGA) in sperm-ZP interaction and also suggest that the use of lectin-coated microbeads may represent an initial step in the development of a synthetic sperm binding assay.
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PMID:Binding of human spermatozoa to lectin-coated agarose microbeads. 904 34

Incubation of diluted ram spermatozoa at 39 degrees C results in a high percentage of acrosome reactions, but previously we have not been able to demonstrate the viability of these cells. Detection of the viability and stages of acrosomal exocytosis, either spontaneous or induced, was carried out using fluorescent probes. Propidium iodide (PI) was used to determine cell viability and, simultaneously, FITC-Pisum sativum lectin (FITC-PSA) was used to assess acrosomal status by staining glycoproteins in the acrosome of permeabilised spermatozoa. Diluted ram semen was incubated for 6 hours at 39 degrees C. At 2 hourly intervals, samples were taken and examined for evidence of a spontaneous acrosome reaction. In addition, calcium ionophore A23187 was used to induce the acrosome reaction and samples were examined at 10 minute intervals. PI was added and then washed out by filtration. Smears were made and air-dried, permeabilised with absolute ethanol and then stained with FITC-PSA. The slides were later viewed under the fluorescence microscope with a peak excitation wavelength of 488 nm. With this combination of two fluorescent probes using a single excitation wavelength, both the cell viability and the acrosomal status could be simultaneously and easily visualized. Results showed four categories of staining: PI-ve/PSA + ve (Live and acrosome-intact), PI + ve/PSA + ve (dead and acrosome-intact), PI - ve/PSA - ve (live and acrosome-reacted) and PI + ve/PSA - ve (dead and acrosome-degenerated). About 75% spermatozoa that were acrosome-reacted were still viable after 4 h incubation in the absence of ionophore, and approximately 90% spermatozoa were acrosome-reacted and still viable after 30 min incubation in the presence of ionophore.
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PMID:Simultaneous detection of the acrosomal status and viability of incubated ram spermatozoa using fluorescent markers. 923 Dec 50

Distinct glycoconjugate expression between dome enterocytes and villus enterocytes in ileum from twelve 3-week-old conventional pigs was examined by the use of twenty one biotinylated lectins with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Three patterns of staining were seen. First, lectins bind to dome enterocyte and villus enterocyte to approximately equal staining, i.e. DSL, WGA, s-WGA and ConA. Second, lectins display a markedly higher affinity for villus enterocyte than dome enterocyte, i.e. DBA, SBA, RCA I, SJA, VVA, BSL II, LEL, PNA, Jacalin, and ECL. Third, lectins exhibit negative staining to dome enterocyte only, i.e. PSA, LCA, UEA-I, and STL. Four lectins; PSA, LCA, UEA-I, STL may be useful negative marker to differentiate glycoconjugate expression between dome enterocyte and villus enterocyte. The staining patterns are slightly different among these negative markers. Three lectins, PSA, LCA, and UEA-1, are negative marker to differentiate dome enterocytes and villus enterocytes. But STL is also negative to dome epithelial surface and moderately positive to villus brush border. It is suggested that the present lectin-binding studies provide the marker of dome enterocyte as compared with villus enterocytes.
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PMID:Lectin histochemical characteristics of the epithelial surface of ileal Peyer's patches in 3-week-old pigs. 936 44

Prostate specific antigen (uPSA) was purified to homogeneity from human urine using SuperQ-Toyopearl, Sulfate-Cellulofine, Phenyl-Toyopearl, CM-Sepharose, anti-urokinase IgG Sepharose and Sephadex G-100. The purified uPSA gave a major band at 32.9 kDa on SDS-PAGE under the reduced condition. However, it shows multiple bands on native PAGE. Substrate specificity of purified uPSA is identical with that of PSA from human seminal plasma and uPSA shows the kallikrein and chymotrypsin-like activities. On the analysis of N-terminal amino acid, two amino acid residues at N-terminal position of uPSA were detected and other amino acid sequence of uPSA was identical with that of sPSA. In addition, we isolated the multiple components of uPSA using anion-exchange chromatography. They were almost the same in amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequences and showed differences in lectin-blotting pattern.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of prostate specific antigen from human urine. 936 70

Carbohydrates and protein glycoconjugates on the cell membranes of Cryptobia salmositica, C. bullocki and C. catostomi were analyzed using 13 highly purified lectins (unlabelled or digoxigenin/biotin labelled). No agglutinations were observed with C. salmositica, C. bullocki and C. catostomi using lectin TPA (Tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin, for alpha-L-fucose). C. salmositica was agglutinated by 3 of 12 lectins [Con A, for alpha-man and alpha-D-glc; PSA, for alpha-man; PWM, for (glcNAc)3], while C. bullocki was agglutinated by 8 lectins and C. catostomi was agglutinated by 10 lectins. Glycoconjugate analysis with digoxigenin or biotin labelled lectins showed a species-specific staining pattern in pathogenic and nonpathogenic Cryptobia spp. The nonpathogenic C. catostomi had the strongest reaction. These results indicate that the surface carbohydrate residues and glycoconjugate compositions on Cryptobia spp. are different between species they may be related to the virulence of the parasite.
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PMID:Identification of carbohydrates on the surface membrane of pathogenic and nonpathogenic piscine haemoflagellates, Cryptobia salmositica, C. bullocki and C. catostomi (Kinetoplastida). 969 30

Based on the observation that pathogen-derived lectins play an important role in cell adhesion and invasion, we examined the possible role of host carbohydrate-bearing molecules in inducing the secretion of IL-12, a crucial proinflammatory cytokine. The ability of 12 plant lectins to recognize and stimulate naive murine mononuclear cells in vitro has been characterized in this study. Mitogenic lectins (comprising Con A, PHA, PSA, and LCA) were found to induce the secretion of multiple cytokines in vitro, including IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-12. Of interest, WGA, a nonmitogenic lectin unable to promote IL-2 secretion, was found to induce IL-12 and IFN-gamma production in a T and B cell-independent fashion. The functional properties of WGA were inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. WGA therefore represents a potentially useful tool for the study of membrane glycoproteins involved in the early proinflammatory response characteristic of innate immunity.
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PMID:Carbohydrate-bearing cell surface receptors involved in innate immunity: interleukin-12 induction by mitogenic and nonmitogenic lectins. 991 81

In the present study, the expression of glycoconjugates in the guinea pig seminal vesicle was localized and partially characterized by lectin histochemistry using a battery of 30 different lectins specific for different carbohydrate residues. The results indicate that the glandular epithelium of the guinea pig seminal vesicle exhibits complex glycoconjugates rich in Man, beta-GlcNAc, beta-Gal, alpha/beta-GalNAc, Fuc and complex NeuAc(alpha2,6)Gal/GalNAc residues, as shown by its positive reactions to most lectins used. The Golgi region of the luminal secretory epithelial cells expresses a complex glycoconjugate pattern, as shown by its strong reactions to Man-(PSA, GNA), beta-GlcNAc-(S-WGA, PWA, DSA, UDA), beta-Gal-(RCA-I and -II), alpha/beta-GalNAc-(SBA, Jac, VVA, BPA) and complex NeuAc-(SNA) specific lectins, indicating that the secretory epithelial cells are active in glycosylation and secretion process. It was also shown in the present study that the basal and luminal epithelial cells are different in their glycoconjugates. The basal epithelial cells are rich in NeuAc(alpha2,3)Gal residues as they are stained specifically by MAA. The fibroblasts in the epithelial-smooth muscle interface and the smooth muscle cells close to the glandular epithelium are shown to express more glycoconjugates as they are stained intensely by GS-I-B4, GS-II and SBA. However, their role in the epithelial-stromal interaction in the seminal vesicle remains to be elucidated. In summary, the present study reports for the first time on the lectin binding patterns of the guinea pig seminal vesicle, and the results show that the seminal vesicle epithelium elaborates and secretes glycoconjugates in a complex pattern. Some of the lectins might be useful as histochemical markers for the secretory activity and specific structural components in the guinea pig seminal vesicle.
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PMID:Characterization of glycoconjugates of guinea pig seminal vesicle by lectin histochemistry. 1019 44

Glomeruli within the main olfactory bulb (MOB) are known as areas of synapse formation between axon terminals of olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and dendrites of the first relay neurons (mitral and tufted cells) in the MOB, so that they serve as functional units in olfaction. We examined expression patterns of glycoconjugates in the glomeruli of the hamster MOB by lectin histochemistry using 21 biotinylated lectins. Thirteen lectins, WGA, s-WGA, DSL, DBA, SBA, WA, SJA, RCA-I, PNA, ECL, UEA-I, PSA and LCA, showed differential binding patterns among the glomeruli. To evaluate these differential binding patterns of lectins, we analysed staining intensity of each of the 13 lectins on the level of individual glomeruli by image analysis, and classified staining intensity into five grades (negative, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+) on the basis of results obtained. This classification enables us to make detailed comparison among individual glomeruli. We further analysed the grade of staining intensity of each of the 13 lectins in the same glomerulus in adjacent serial sections by image analysis, and found that individual glomeruli varied in combination of grades of staining intensity and kinds of lectins. These results indicate that glycoconjugates are expressed heterogeneously in individual glomeruli, and that heterogeneous expression may contribute to the topographic organization of the primary olfactory pathway.
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PMID:Heterogeneous expression of glycoconjugates among individual glomeruli of the hamster main olfactory bulb. 1057 58

Lectins, high molecular weight glycoproteins with different sugar-binding specificity, are able to agglutinate different cell types. The recovery of high-quality spermatozoa can be facilitated by the agglutination induced by the lectin binding. The objective of this study was to combine sperm-lectin agglutination with a dextran/swim-up procedure for developing a new selection technique for ram spermatozoa. To study sperm quality, cell viability (plasma membrane integrity), the HOS-test response and progressive individual motility were assessed. Simultaneously, centrifugal countercurrent distribution (CCCD) in an aqueous two-phase system was carried out to analyze sperm surface heterogeneity. Semen from 3 mature Saltz rams was pooled, and 0.5-mL aliquots were incubated with 4 fluorescein-labelled lectins (ECL, JAC, PSA, RCA). Then, a dextran solution was gently added and overlaid with medium. The top layer of the medium containing the spermatozoa was collected and replaced by careful addition of fresh medium. The incubation sequence was repeated 3 times at 10-min intervals. The consecutive 4 top layers obtained were pooled to give the swim-up combined sample. The highest rate of improvement in sperm quality was obtained after incubation with RCA, with a 50% increase in progressive individual motility, 21.6% in HOS value and 39.5% in viability. Total cell recovery was 64% (1.56x10(9) cells), with a viable cell recovery rate of 86%. The obtained sample showed 82% motility, 80% HOS score and 77% viability, up from the pre-swim-up values of 51, 60 and 57 %, respectively. Comparative CCCD analysis revealed a very high heterogeneous population in the RCA/swim-up sample obtained, while a much more homogeneous population was obtained in the sample after the dextran/swim-up procedure previously developed byus With this simple method, a large proportion of highly-motile spermatozoa with preserved plasma membrane and high heterogeneity can be obtained. These results strongly suggest that this selection procedure could result in a high fertility rate.
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PMID:Sperm-lectin agglutination combined with swim-up leads to an efficient selection of highly motile, viable and heterogeneous ram spermatozoa. 1072 47


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