Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

Spontaneous development of osteoblastic lesions of prostate cancer (PCa) in mice is modeled by orthotopic (intraprostatic) deposition of neoplastic cells followed by an extremely long latency associated with low incidence of spontaneous bone metastasis. Intracardial injection results in overt bone metastases only with osteoclastic PCa cells (i.e., PC-3). Herein, we report that androgen independent osteoblastic PCa cells readily colonize bone when in a high remodeling state. SCID/Beige mice were subjected to periods of intermittent human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (hPTH) exposure, followed by an intracardiac infusion of osteoblastic C4-2 PCa cells. At the time of PCa infusion, analysis of bone turnover markers from mice treated with hPTH revealed significant increases in osteocalcin (55.06 +/- 7.5 vs. 74.01 +/- 18.5 ng/ml) and TRAcP-5b (3.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 4.81 +/- 0.8 U/l), but no change in type I collagen C-terminal teleopeptide levels relative to control mice. Analysis of femoral cancellous bone architecture revealed significant increases in bone mineral density, trabecular thickness (0.056 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.062 +/- 0.001 mm) and porosity, but significant decreases in connectivity density and trabecular number in hPTH treated mice relative to controls. By 8 weeks post-infusion, 70% of mice pre-treated with hPTH demonstrated detectable serum prostate specific antigen (PSAs) ranging between 2 and 18.8 ng/ml. Immuno-histochemical labeling of femurs for PSA and pan-Cytokeratin revealed the presence of significant tumor cell nests in marrow and trabecular spaces. These results suggest that: (1) local bone physiology is an important factor for developing osteoblastic/sclerotic PCa bone metastases in murine hosts; (2) the establishment of osteosclerotic PCa bone metastases in mice is enhanced by alterations that drive bone formation.
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PMID:Osteosclerotic prostate cancer metastasis to murine bone are enhanced with increased bone formation. 1942 79