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Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We used the method of Rudolph et al. (Clin Chem 1988; 34:2031-8) to find information in the data from correlated determinations of acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.2; DuPont aca) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA, Hybritech). We described there how we assign medical decision limits for two or more correlated variables and convert the database to a binary coded message, allowing separation of a selected disease class with minimum error. The decision point, analogous to a percentile upper limit on the ordered values of each variable in the reference group, satisfies the maximum entropy constraints of reference, producing a minimum entropy for the binary coded patient database. We found maximum entropy decision points at PAP = 0.75 U/L and PSA = 22.8 micrograms/L. Patients with PSA values exceeding 22.8 micrograms/L had no benign prostatic disease except for five patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with adjacent colon carcinoma (95.3), BPH with infarction (27.6), BPH (23.4) 28.1), or acute prostatitis (34.6). We consider PSA exceeding 22.8 micrograms/L as indicative of carcinoma of the prostate, stage C or D, in the absence of disconfirming evidence. Another decision value for PSA is 11.3 micrograms/L. This bounds the region between 11.3 and 22.8 micrograms/L, where the frequency of BPH is 1.5 times that for adenocarcinoma. At PSA less than 11.3 micrograms/L there is a high frequency of BPH. PSA concentration is not correlated with prostatic size (mass) or with prostatitis. A metastatic carcinoma is as likely to be nonprostatic as prostatic when the PSA concentration is less than 11.3 micrograms/L.
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PMID:Medically significant concentrations of prostate-specific antigen in serum assessed. 169 92

A free screening consultation for carcinoma of the prostate was proposed to men over the age of 50 years working in different companies in the areas of Paris. This consultation included a digital rectal examination, a blood test for determination of serum acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen, and two dimensional trans-rectal ultrasonography of the prostate. 600 patients were seen. 575 were evaluable. Prostate biopsy was recommended in 152 men. Ninety-three prostate biopsies were performed. Eighteen prostatic cancers and 1 urothelial cancer invading the prostate were detected with an overall incidence of prostate cancer of 3.1%. Radical prostatectomies were performed in 10 of the 18 patients with a prostate cancer. Sensitivity of digital rectal examination ultrasonography and PSA were respectively 42.8%, 47.3% and 68.4% with an abnormal serum PSA level defined as being greater than 5 ng/ml. The predictive value of a positive ultrasonography (18.7%) contrasts with the predictive value of a positive digital rectal examination (30.7%) and serum PSA (30%). Digital rectal examination and determination of serum prostatic specific antigen seem to be the most useful tests for mass screening of prostate cancer. Transrectal ultrasonography is very useful for guided prostatic biopsy and for a better topographic evaluation of the tumor.
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PMID:[Detection of cancer of the prostate. A study of 600 cases]. 169 Sep 63

During the period of time from 1972 to 1987 a total of 104 radical prostatectomies were performed at the Ohio State University. From 1972 to 1985, standard radical retropubic prostatectomy was done in 60 patients and from 1986 to June 30, 1987, radical retropubic nerve-sparing prostatectomy was carried out in 44 patients. Transrectal ultrasound evaluation was available only for three quarters of the patients in the latter group. In the early part of the series, standard prostatectomy revealed 51 percent of the patients to have organ-confined disease and in the latter series 75 percent had organ-confined disease. In the earlier study only a retrospective analysis of the pathology reports was available, and in the latter study prospective evaluation was available with regard to pre- and postoperative staging, erectile function, blood loss and replacement, PSA data, and clinical and pathologic staging. It appears the radical nerve-sparing prostatectomy has several advantages including decreased blood loss, increased reservation of erectile function in 70 percent of the patients who were potent preoperatively, and a more accurate assessment of clinical stage prior to surgery through the use of transrectal ultrasonography.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy 1972-1987 single institutional experience: comparison of standard radical prostatectomy and nerve-sparing technique. 169 32

The introduction of new tumours markers poses the problem of assessing their real predictive power and of considering all their possible uses. The following questions have been examined: 1) is PSA able to offer early diagnosis of prostate Ca 2) is there a relationship between cancer grading and PSA levels? 3) is it possible to use PSA to monitor patients under treatment? 4) can PSA predict the existence of bone metastasis?
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PMID:[The role of PSA in prostatic adenocarcinoma]. 169 81

The authors report a series of 50 radical prostatectomies and analyse and discuss the elements of: early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma: 63% of patients did not have a strictly normal digital rectal examination, 70% had abnormal ultrasonography, 73% has a PSA assay greater than 10. Suspicious signs were absent in 17% of cases, but present in 83% of cases (one sign), 63% of cases (two signs) and 40% of cases (three signs). Ultrasound guided biopsy of suspicious zones (on rectal examination or on ultrasonography) and in adjacent zones by dividing the prostate into quadrants has an increasing diagnostic yield (77% of the last thirty cases, 100% of the last fifteen cases). Staging frequently underestimates the exact volume of the tumour and the state of the prostatic capsule. MRI using a high power magnetic field apparatus seems to improve the accuracy of preoperative staging. Operative results were excellent in terms of mortality (nil), morbidity (6% of cases) and functional results for continence (recovered within one month) and sexual activity (satisfactory in 73% of cases) when Walsh's technique was able to be applied.
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PMID:[Elements of the early diagnosis and staging of prostatic cancer. Functional results of radical surgery. Apropos of 50 complete prostatectomies]. 169 80

In conclusion, an effective new marker for prostatic tissue has been identified and is commonly known as PSA. A review of the literature indicates that although PSA is not tumor specific, its organ-site and cell-type specificity provide the basis for making PSA the marker of choice for use in patients with prostate cancer. The clinical utility of PSA includes monitoring therapeutic efficacy, screening and early diagnosis in high-risk patients, prognosis, staging, and tumor volume evaluation, prediction of disease progression, detection of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy, and the differential diagnosis and confirmation of tissue for prostatic origin. PSA is not a "magic bullet" for patients with prostate cancer. Many questions must still be answered. For example, with an increase in sensitivity for screening of high-risk populations, how does the urologist/oncologist determine which patients with latent curable early cancer will develop into clinically significant metastasis? Is PSA a more reliable method for detection of early prostate cancer than rectal examination? What procedure should be followed for an asymptomatic patient who presents a 35 ng/ml level of PSA during a routine physical examination? Clearly, further studies are required to answer these questions as well as to assess the malignant potential of the prostatic tumor cell. For now, the combination of PSA, rectal examination, and transrectal ultrasonography guided needle biopsy would appear to be the method of choice to decrease the yearly fatalities due to cancer of the prostate.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen: questions often asked. 169 41

A single pass ventricular lead with a dual chamber electrode system, designed for VDD pacing, was implanted in 17 patients (11 men, 6 women, aged 53 to 86 years, mean 74) for symptomatic bradycardia due to second-or third-degree AV block and normal sinus node function. Bipolar atrial electrodes, diagonally displaced along the lead axis and positioned within the right atrial cavity, are used to detect atrial activity that is then differentially processed within the pacemaker. P wave amplitude (amp) derived from a PSA-DAA device at implant was 1.38 +/- 0.28 mV. P wave signal amp derived from telemetered atrial electrograms was 1.29 +/- 0.22 mV at predischarge (n = 17), 1.31 +/- 0.24 mV at 3 months (n = 15), 1.30 +/- 0.24 mV at 6 months (n = 8), 1.51 +/- 0.34 mV at 9 months (n = 4), and 1.35 +/- 0.35 mV at 12 months (n = 2); and the far-field QRS signal measured at predischarge was of negligible voltage (0.17 +/- 0.07 mV). The susceptibility of the atrial sensor system to interference was noted with chest wall stimulation and only at higher sensitivities (0.1 to 0.3 mV) and not with isometric arm exercise. Intact VDD pacing function at rest and during exercise was established using Holter and periodic ECG monitoring. Postoperative complications included one lead displacement and one pocket hematoma. Three patients died postimplant of causes unrelated to pacemaker function. Advantages of the single-lead VDD pacing include: (1) elimination of second atrial sensing lead; (2) superior atrial sensing performance; (3) effective resistance to myopotential and far-field signal interference; and (4) stability of postimplant atrial signal amplitude.
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PMID:Single-lead VDD pacing system. 170 24

On the basis of 150 patients (16 controls with no disease of the prostate, 96 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 38 cases of carcinoma of the prostate (CP)), the authors intended to answer 3 questions: How can the borderline values of PSA in BPH be interpreted? Is there a correlation between the Gleason and PSA values in carcinomas? Should the simultaneous measurements of PSA and PAP be continued? All patients were examined with a rectal touch, transrectal echography (TRE) and PAS and PAP assays. All CP were examined with bone radionuclide scanning (BR). The correlation coefficient being 0.391 (p 0.001), the PSA value and prostatic weight can be regarded as linearly correlated in BPH (5 g BPH = 1 ng/ml PSA). This lower value of PSA is linked with the increase produced by TRE in the assessment of prostatic weight. On the other hand, the authors did no observe a correlation between the PSA and the Glisson grade in carcinomas with negative BR. Lastly, the sensitivity of PSA is noticeably higher than that of PAP (75% vs. 50%), and no false negative finding with PSA was corrected by PAP measurements.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic and biological correlations (PSA-PAP) in pathology of the prostate. Apropos of 150 cases]. 169 82

Six patients with localized prostatic carcinoma undergoing radical prostatectomy were studied by serial sample collection from the time of surgical removal of the prostate up to one week in the postoperative period. Of the three markers studied (PAP, PSA, LASA), half-life of specific prostatic markers were calculated. Half-life of PAP was found to be 7.25 hours +/- SE of 0.7 hours. For PSA the half-life could be obtained in 4 of 6 patients and was found to be 45.5 hours +/- SE 4.9 hours. In 2 patients PSA did not fall in a regular fashion and half-life could not be obtained. In both patients metastatic disease has developed within six months of surgery. LASA demonstrated progressive increase following surgery, most likely due to associated inflammatory reaction. These studies confirm previous observations that PSA is a more sensitive marker than PAP, and that the presence of an elevated PSA after radical prostatectomy denotes the presence of residual disease.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of disappearance rate of biologic markers following radical prostatectomy. 170 May 27

The biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase assay was used to evaluate the expression of several prostate carcinoma-associated markers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of three human prostate nude mouse heterotransplant lines PC-82, PC-EW, and PC-EG. In addition to monoclonal antibodies to PSA and PAP, monoclonal antibodies to five other potentially useful markers for prostate carcinomas (TURP-27, Leu-7, 7E11-C5, PSP-19, and PD41) were tested. Tissues from two or more transplant passages were evaluated. The human prostate target antigens were found to be expressed by one or more of the three heterotransplant lines. The PC-82 and PC-EW lines were the most efficient in terms of expression of multiple prostate carcinoma-associated markers and percentage of tumor cells positive for a given prostate antigen. The staining pattern of each marker, in terms of staining intensity, number of tumor cells stained, and staining location, i.e., membrane, cytoplasmic, or ductal secretions, was similar to what has been observed in tissue sections from human prostate carcinomas. The lack of an appropriate model for evaluating the preclinical potential of these Mabs (especially TURP-27, PSP-19, and PD41) makes the findings of this study of considerable importance, and suggests that these human prostate xenografts may be useful models for exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these anti-prostate carcinoma monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of prostate tumor-association markers in the nude mouse human prostate carcinoma heterotransplant lines PC-82, PC-EW, and PC-EG. 170 Dec 49


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