Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evaluation of results obtained in 70 hormone-treated patients with disseminated prostate cancer. Thirty-six of them were treated via orchiectomy and 34 received also flutamide. Initial objective response rates were 47% in the monotherapy group versus 58% for those undergoing complete blockade. Decrease of PSA and PAP was also higher in the group given flutamide. Nonetheless, no significant changes were observed with regard to biological and clinical progression or patients survival.
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PMID:[Complete hormonal blockade vs. monotherapy in the management of metastasizing prostatic cancer]. 150 13

Correlation between findings on bone gammagraphy and PSA levels in 144 patients with untreated prostate cancer are analyzed. With prevalence of metastatic disease in 57.6% cases and considering the predictive cut value of metastasis to be 20 ng/ml, there were positive and negative predictive values of 64.9% and 73.9%, with a diagnostic confidence of 66.6%. We conclude that bone gammagraphy is essential for staging prostate cancer even in patients with PSA below 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Can we do without bone gammagraphy in the staging of prostatic cancer?]. 150 19

The use of fluorescein-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) was evaluated for its ability to distinguish acrosome-intact from acrosome-damaged stallion spermatozoa. Incubation of fresh (acrosome-intact) and frozen-thawed (acrosome-damaged) spermatozoa with FITC-PSA resulted in acrosome-intact spermatozoa that exhibited no fluorescence, while acrosome-damaged spermatozoa exhibited fluorescent staining over the rostral portion of the head and equatorial segment. Experiments using mixtures of various ratios of acrosome-intact and acrosome-damaged spermatozoa determined the precision (intrasample coefficient of variation), and linearity (increased percentage of spermatozoa with PSA binding, with increased percentage of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in a sample) of FITC-PSA binding. The binding of FITC-PSA increased in samples as the portion of frozen-thawed (acrosome-damaged) to fresh (acrosome-intact) spermatozoa increased. A positive correlation existed (r = 0.98, P less than 0.05) between the percentage of FITC-PSA bound sperm and the proportion of damaged spermatozoa added to a sample. Location of PSA lectin binding on acrosome-damaged spermatozoa, determined by electron microscopy using gold-conjugated PSA, was to components of the outer acrosomal membrane and acrosomal matrix. These results demonstrate that FITC-PSA binding may be useful in determining acrosomal integrity of fresh and frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa.
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PMID:Assessment of Pisum sativum agglutinin in identifying acrosomal damage in stallion spermatozoa. 151 46

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a pulmonary vasodilator in the unventilated fetal lamb. The site and mechanism of this vasodilator response were investigated in isolated blood-perfused lungs from nine fetal lambs delivered at 127-140 days gestation. The vascular occlusion technique was used to partition the total pulmonary pressure gradient into pressure gradients across large and small arteries (delta PLA and delta PSA, respectively) and veins (delta PV). Injection of ET-1 (74 ng/kg) into the pulmonary artery significantly decreased delta PLA from 12.4 +/- 2.1 to 5.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg and delta PSA from 49.2 +/- 2.7 to 31.3 +/- 4.9 mmHg. The pressure measured by double occlusion, an estimate of pulmonary capillary pressure, was not altered by ET-1 (15.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 14.8 +/- 1.0 mmHg), indicating that ET-1 had no effect on pulmonary veins. Addition of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (estimated perfusate concentration 2-6 mM), an analogue of L-arginine that inhibits the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), significantly attenuated the dilator responses to acetylcholine (10 micrograms) and ET-1 (74 ng/kg) by 35 and 56%, respectively. These results in unventilated fetal lungs indicate that 1) ET-1 dilates both large and small pulmonary arteries with no effect on pulmonary veins, and 2) this effect is mediated in part through the action of the EDRF pathway.
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PMID:Endothelin-1-induced pulmonary arterial dilation is reduced by N omega-nitro-L-arginine in fetal lambs. 160 79

Zona induced acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa was examined by FITC labelled PSA staining. When human spermatozoa were incubated with salt stored human eggs for 6 hours, the percentage of acrosome reacted spermatozoa was 35.7 +/- 17.7%. The zona induced acrosome reaction rate was significantly higher than that of the spontaneous acrosome reaction (2.8 +/- 1.9%). These date indicate that the zona pellucida of the human egg have the ability to induce the acrosome reaction as in other mammalian zona. Additionally the effect of cervical mucus on the acrosome reaction was examined. Spermatozoa which passed through the cervical mucus were collected and examined for the rate of spontaneous and zona induced acrosome reaction. The rate of spontaneous acrosome reaction was almost the same as the control, but the rate of zona induced acrosome reaction (51.6 +/- 6.8%) was significantly higher than that of the control (25.6 +/- 9.4%). These data suggest that spermatozoa appear to complete capacitation by passing through cervical mucus.
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PMID:[Effect of cervical mucus on zona induced acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa]. 160 53

Between 1977 and 1991, 20 patients with radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate and palpable, biopsy-proven local recurrence without evidence of metastases underwent radiotherapy. Of these patients 16 were treated with orchiectomy combined with irradiation and four patients underwent irradiation alone. Local control, as determined by rectal palpation was achieved in 19/20 patients. Eleven patients are still alive without disease. Disease-free survival (determined since 1987 including PSA) was 68% for five years and 41% for ten years. 6/9 patients have died with cancer, three patients died intercurrent free of disease. Overall survival remained 51% for five years and 31% for ten years. Prevention of local recurrence is of great importance and these data support the adjuvant post-operative irradiation in defined patients at risk.
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PMID:Radiotherapy of local recurrence following radical prostatectomy. 162 Dec 11

The distribution of N-linked glycans in rat testis has been probed using a panel of lectins derived from Galanthus nivalis (snowdrop, GNA), Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean, Con A), Lens culinaris (lentil, LCA), Pisum sativum (garden pea, PSA) and Phaseolus vulgaris, erythro- and leucoagglutinins (kidney bean, ePHA and lPHA). Several classes of N-linked glycan were identified in the spermatogenic series, and during differentiation into spermatozoa they altered in both their pattern of distribution and relative abundance. A population of tetra-antennary, non-bisected, complex glycans, detected by lPHA, was lost during the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes, while high-mannose structures were acquired; these were most abundant in spermatocytes, as were bi- and tri-antennary complex, non-bisected glycans, the latter becoming increasingly abundant on acrosomes and spermatozoa. Their bisected counterparts were more generally expressed throughout spermatogenic cells, although marked localization onto acrosomes and nuclear caps was again seen. Transition from spermatocytes to spermatids involved mainly changes of the acrosomal granule and nuclear cap, which were carried through to the final stages of differentiation. Sertoli cell surfaces and cytoplasmic granules showed a high level of N-glycan expression.
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PMID:Histochemical analysis of rat testicular glycoconjugates. 1. Subsets of N-linked saccharides in seminiferous tubules. 163 71

Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of complete androgenic blockade started by Labrie et al. using therapy with leuprolide acetate in monthly dosage of 7.5 mg i.m. associated to flutamide at the usual dosage in 35 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma in C-D1-D2 stages, who had not been given prior anti-neoplastic therapy. Clinical and analytical control studies were carried out during therapy follow-up for a maximum time of 36 months. The objective response of adverse events that can be superimposed to previous studies carried out with analogs on daily administration was assessed. Castration levels achieved were maintained for the length of the study below 50 ng/dl. Correlation between tissue type, rated according to the Mostofi classification, evolution or degree of response obtained and preserved increase of tumour markers (PSA, PAP, LDH, Prolactin) was evaluated; the evolution observed in patients who maintained high values of markers was worse with the referred treatment.
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PMID:[Complete androgenic blockade: myth or reality. Study and follow-up of 35 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate]. 163 54

The seminal vesicles originate in embryos of about 58 mm crown-rump-length from the Wolffian duct under the influence of testosterone. Along with the ampulla of the vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct, they form a functional unit that develops slowly until the onset of puberty. Developmental malformations occur as uni- or bilateral agenesis, aplasia, cysts, or ureterovesicular fistules. After puberty, the glands form sac-like structures which have a capacity of about 3.4-4.5 ccm and contribute about 70% of the seminal fluid. In addition to secretion, they are capable of reabsorption of fluids or dissolved substances, and of spermatophagy (ingestion and degradation of damaged spermatozoa by epithelial cells). Secretory activity of the glands is a measure of testosterone supplementation to the epithelium. Nervous regulation of secretion is realized by cholinergic post-ganglionic, sympathetic (and perhaps parasympathetic) fibres, derived from pelvic plexus. Contraction of the muscular wall occurs under the influence of excitatory adrenergic and modulatory NPY-encephalin-peptidergic nerve fibres. The secretory products of the seminal vesicles encompass (1) ions (K+: 1.1 mM ml-1) (2) low molecular weight substances (fructose: above 1.2 mg ml-1; prostaglandins above 250 microliters ml-1, (3) peptides (endorphin: 330 pg ml-1), and (4) proteins. In addition to plasma protein related forms such as transferrin, lactoferrin, and fibronectin, specific proteins such as semenogelin (52 kDa) are synthesized, the scaffold protein of semen coagulate forming the substrate for PSA (prostate specific antigen), sperm motility inhibitor (ca. 18 kDa), and others (placental protein 5, protein kinase inhibitor, carboanhydrase, 5'-nucleotidase), some of which are immunosuppressive. Therefore, functions of the seminal vesicles concern (a) formation of seminal coagulum, (b) modification of sperm functions (motility, capacitation), and (c) immunosuppression. Additional functions within the female genital system, perhaps during pre-implantation period, are likely, but remain to be proven experimentally.
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PMID:Morphology and functions of the human seminal vesicle. 164 33

Simultaneous hourly changes in serum PSA and PAP levels per twenty-four-hour period was studied in 19 urologic patients with no prostatic disease. Serum PSA was determined using Hybritech PSA-R Kits, and PAP was determined using EIA method. PSA and PAP serum levels varied independently from each other. PSA level showed no diurnal variations. The level remained stable with minor variations around a low mean of 0.907 ng/mL, SD 0.09, and CV 9.9% in 16 of 19 (84%) patients, while PAP showed changes consistent with diurnal variations in 5 of those patients. Random variations with no discernible pattern in 7 and remained more or less constant in 4 other patients. Marked random variations in PSA serum level occurred in only 3 patients in the older age group and were accompanied by diurnal variations in PAP level in 2 patients and a constant high level of PAP in 1 patient. The highest PSA level obtained was 6.9 ng/mL which is important when selecting the cut-off level. PSA did not increase appreciably after prostatic massage, and on follow-up PSA returned to premassage level after twenty-four hours (except in 1 patient).
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PMID:Serum prostate-specific antigen: hourly change/24 hours compared with prostatic acid phosphatase. 168 77


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