Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1519176 (PSA)
 5,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Spain most prostate cancers are detected once they have already disseminated. The tumor, however, is localized to the prostate gland for a period of time before spreading to other structures. It is therefore important to underscore the value of early diagnosis. And if we take into account that the complications of radical prostatectomy have diminished and life expectancy of the general population has increased, undoubtedly an increased number of patients can benefit from surgery. Radical prostatectomy combined with pre and postoperative hormone therapy may enhance the quality of life of some patients with tumors extending beyond the capsule (clinical stage B2-C), including those with microscopic dissemination to the regional lymph nodes. Surgery should aim at complete removal of the pelvic tumor. Although a statistical relationship exists between blood PSA levels and tumor grade and size, elevation of PSA levels is not sufficient to predict malignancy or tumor spread and is of little value in predicting response to hormone therapy.
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PMID:[Controversy regarding the therapeutic management of stage B2, C and D1 adenocarcinoma]. 128 71

Correlations between the serum levels of PAP and PSA before and 1, 3 and 6 months after orchidectomy in 27 prostatic cancer patients (advanced clinical stages C and D according to Whitemore scale) were studied. The PSA values correlated more distinctly than PAP with the general clinical condition. PSA is a reliable tumour marker when used at regular intervals, especially for monitoring therapeutic results. A high preoperative PSA level correlates with a high postoperative level and progression of the disease.
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PMID:The prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serum of patients with prostate cancer after orchidectomy. 128 Nov 45

Analysis of the clinical progression of 61 patients with prostate cancer undergoing hormone therapy. PSA allowed early detection in 86.9% cases. In 25 patients no rescue treatment was instituted, and 36 patients were treated with estramustine phosphate resulting in decreased PSA levels in 58% and objective response in 36%. Of these, 82% showed decreased PSA levels for over six months. Survival rate was higher in respondent, treated patients and comparable in non-respondents, treated versus non treated patients.
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PMID:[Clinical course of hormone refractory cancer of the prostate]. 128 86

A silver colloid technique for the staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was applied to paraffin sections of 52 clinical prostate cancers, 5 incidental carcinomas of the prostate, 12 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) specimens and 7 normal prostates. The mean numbers of silver-stained NORs (AgNORs) in these lesions were 3.12 +/- 0.52 in clinical cancer, 2.65 +/- 0.64 in incidental cancer, 1.66 +/- 0.16 in BPH, and 1.76 +/- 0.22 in normal prostate. There was a statistically significant difference in agNORs numbers between cancer and benign prostatic tissues (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in AgNORs numbers between incidental and clinical carcinoma of the prostate. In clinical cancer, only poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a statistically larger number of AgNORs than the well or moderately differentiated group (p < 0.02). Correlation between AgNORs numbers and clinical stage was not obvious. There was no relationship between the number of AgNORs and serum values of tumor markers such as PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm. Moreover, the AgNORs numbers did not show a relation to decreasing rates of serum marker levels during successful anti-androgen therapy. If the patients with prostate cancer were divided into two groups by 2.9 of AgNORs number, the group with the smaller number of AgNORs (n = 14) was found to have a tendency towards a longer disease-stabilizing period than the larger group (n = 17).
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in prostate cancer. 128 98

The diagnostic value of the tumour markers: PSA, PAP and AcP was studied before treatment in 379 men (47 with prostatic cancer--PC, 306 with benign hyperplasia--PBH, and 26 healthy subjects--control group CG). PSA was determined by the enzymoimmune method, and the phosphatases were evaluated by the spectrophotometric method. Raised level of PSA was found in PBH--the highest value--23.3 ng/ml. After accepting the cutting off values (1.9 ng/ml and 23.3 ng/ml), even in 93% of patients with PC, the level of PSA exceeded the second of those values. A significant growing tendency was found of PSA together with the degree of clinical progression of PC (in stages C and D--in 100% of patients). PSA, as compared with the phosphatases, is a much more sensitive biochemical marker, exceeding them many times in sensitivity.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in comparison to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in prostatic cancer and adenoma]. 128 61

Progression after radical prostatectomy, evaluated by a rise in plasma PSA and/or the appearance of a pelvic nodule positive on biopsy and/or the presence of bone metastases confirmed by bone scan, was studied in a series of patients with prostatic cancer with a follow-up of between 6 months and 5 years. The progression-free survival rate was 86% at 1 year and 60% at 5 years. A progression-free survival rate and the relative risk of progression were established on the basis of the morphological characteristics (anatomical stage, tumour volume, seminal vesicle invasion, condition of the prostatic capsule and lymph nodes, positive resection margins at the apex) and histological features (Gleason's score) of the cancer, allowing determination of the influence of prognostic criteria on the outcome. The positive resection margins at the apex were due to preservation of the nervi erigentes. The preservation of the neurovascular pedicles may not be justified in the case of a tumour confined to the prostatic apex.
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PMID:[Progression after radical prostatectomy of cancer of the prostate: prognostic criteria and the role of PSA in monitoring]. 128 86

The proposal of an early diagnosis of prostate cancer through mass screening with digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and serum tumor markers remains controversial: there is no high risk population. No study has proven that mass screening reduces the mortality from prostate cancer. However, when clinical and biological data give arguments for the presence of a cancer, every patient requires a prostate biopsy. We have studied the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of each test in a selected population: 200 men over 50 years of age in which rectal examination or PSA assay was suspicious were investigated. Without any reference to the prostate volume, we considered that the PSA level was "suspicious" when it reached 3 times the upper reference value, or 12 ng/ml. DRE was suspicious in 73%, comprising 50% with prostate carcinoma. PSA assay was suspicious in 65%, comprising 61% with prostate carcinoma. 88% of cancers had a suspicious DRE or PSA assay. TRUS was suspicious in 89%, comprising 45% with prostate carcinoma. Ultrasound guided core biopsies were performed in each case, and allowed a positive diagnosis in 42% of cases, whereas bilateral fine-needle cyto-aspirates were positive in 87% of histologically proven carcinomas. Cytology alone was positive in 3 patients with negative biopsies. Both results show that the PPV of a suspicious DRE associated with an elevated PSA level is 84%. An increased PSA level is correlated with a cancer in 61%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of prostatic cancer with digital rectal examination, PSA determination, and endorectal echography. Correlations with the morphologic diagnosis in 200 consecutive cases]. 128 56

The distribution of binding sites for 13 lectins with different specificities was studied in adult and new-born rat kidney tissue by staining paraffin sections with the ABC method. Various segments of the uriniferous tubule in both rats showed differential affinity for lectins. None of these lectins showed any reactivity with the immature developmental components of kidney like S-shaped bodies and mesonephric blastema. In the new-born rat kidney, the reactivity of 4 lectins (DBA, PNA, SBA and WGA) on the proximal tubules was very weak compared with the adult rat. Seven lectins (RCA-I, BSL-I, WGA, UEA-I, PHA-E, PSA, LCA), which stained the glomerulus of adult rats, failed to react with glomerular turf in new-born rat kidneys. On the contrary, 4 lectins (RCA-I, WGA, UEA-I and PHA-E) out of these 7 lectins stained the surface of podocyte in the new-born kidney. Colloidal iron stained glomerular turf in adult rats also showed less reactivity in immature glomerulus. These results suggested that changes in lectin binding reactivity are associated with the development and the differentiation of the rat kidney.
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PMID:[Lectin reactivity in the kidney of newborn rat compared to adult rat]. 128 87

The presence and distribution of glycoconjugates within the human amnion, chorion, and decidual tissues was examined histochemically following incubation with HRP-labelled lectins. Glycoconjugates within the cytoplasm of cells as well as the extracellular matrix of the maternal decidual layer and fetal chorio-amniotic membranes reacted selectively with OFA, LTA, WGA, PSA, UEA-I, GSAI-B4, RCA-I, LFA, VVA, PHA-E, and GSA-II. Conjugated lectins specific for L-fucose-stained components of amnion, chorion laeve, and decidua while other lectins bound glycoconjugates within decidua and at the junction between maternal decidua and fetal chorionic tissue. These observations suggest that the amnio-chorionic membrane complex may include several histochemically distinct and specialized subpopulations of glycoconjugates distributed within cells and the extracellular matrix. Although specific functions for these glycoconjugates have not been elucidated, they may mediate transport of amniotic fluid and/or facilitate maternal recognition of the developing fetus.
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PMID:Lectin histochemistry of the human amnio-chorionic membrane complex. 129 3

Carcinoma in situ, dysplasia, prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, duct-acinar dysplasia and large-acinar hyperplasia are various terms describing more or less identical forms of prostatic epithelial atypia. The precancerous nature of these lesions can be demonstrated by: morphological and functional similarities with carcinoma, a younger age than that of carcinoma, a higher incidence in cancerous prostates, an identical zonal distribution and a significant progression of high-grade lesions towards carcinoma. These hypoechoic lesions can be detected or monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. They also secrete PSA at levels intermediate between those of benign prostate and adenocarcinoma. Because of the occasional risk of malignant transformation and a frequent association with carcinoma, these lesions should be regularly monitored by digital rectal examination, PSA assays and possibly by ultrasound-guided biopsies.
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PMID:[Precancerous conditions of the prostate]. 130 11


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