Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1510475 (diverticular disease)
 2,138 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six patients with possible esophageal disruption who were also at risk for aspiration or direct communication of the esophagus with the tracheobronchial tree were examined with iohexol esophagography. Fifteen patients had normal studies confirmed by findings at a barium examination performed immediately after. In 11 patients abnormalities were diagnosed on the basis of iohexol esophagograms; the abnormalities included extraluminal extravasation of contrast material (n = 7), aspiration (n = 1), esophageal stricture with intramural diverticulosis (n = 1), edema of the gastroesophageal junction (n = 1), and epiphrenic diverticulum (n = 1). Eight of these patients were immediately reexamined with barium esophagography, which yielded no additional information. Low-osmolality, water-soluble contrast agents are a safe alternative for patients in whom barium esophagography poses a risk of mediastinitis and esophagography with diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Gastrografin) poses a risk of pulmonary edema.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal disruption: evaluation with iohexol esophagography. 278 Oct 24

In emergency, the most commonly used examination, other than plain radiographs of the abdomen, is the water-soluble contrast enema (Gastrografin). It demonstrates three different pictures, which may be more or less associated one to the other: "peridiverticulitis", featuring serrate lesions, abnormal stiffness and fixity and, in some cases, a long narrowing or stricture of the colon; diverticula, mainly in the sigmoid colon, becoming sharp-pointed or spark-liked; spillage of contrast material out of the colic lumen or into a neighbouring organ (fistula). Ultrasonography may be a useful emergency procedure to secure a hesitating diagnosis in a patient with a febrile abdominal pain or with a abdominal-pelvic mass, especially in women. Colonoscopy and barium enema are both usually contra-indicated in the acute setting of diverticulitis because of their potential hazards. On the other hand, after resolution of the acute event, these tests may allow to rule out carcinoma or associated adenomas (which coexist in more than 15% of the patients). Endoscopic control appears more especially important as initial accurate diagnosis in sometimes impossible to assess between adenocarcinoma and diverticulitis. CT scan has found an increasing place in both diagnosis and evaluation of infectious complications of diverticular disease. It is most recommended to assess the diagnosis of severe episodes, failing to clearly improve after medical treatment, and most particularly when an abscess in suspected. CT scan may demonstrate a thickening of the colic wall, high densities of pericolic fat and a tissular mass which may enclose gas bubbles.
 ...
PMID:[Radiological and endoscopic diagnosis of sigmoid diverticulitis]. 776 82

Clinical leakage of the anastomosis follows low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma in 5-10 per cent of patients despite standard stapling techniques. A modification of this method has obviated the need for a distal purse string. A flexible transverse stapling instrument (Roticulator 55) is applied across the rectum below the tumour, and a double-staggered row of staples is inserted as a substitute for the distal purse string. End-to-end stapled anastomosis is then performed with peranal insertion of a Premium CEEA stapling instrument. In 111 patients the indications for operation were colorectal carcinoma (96 patients), diverticulosis (ten), megarectum (four) and ulcerative proctocolitis (one). Three patients had clinical evidence of anastomotic leakage; all survived. The incidence of radiological leakage on Gastrografin enema 10-12 days after operation was 9 per cent. The perioperative mortality rate was 2 per cent; all deaths were from cardiovascular causes. Local recurrence of tumour occurred in eight patients (7 per cent) after a mean follow-up of 40 months. In conclusion, double-stapled end-to-end anastomosis has made low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma a safe procedure with a low mortality rate, an acceptable local recurrence rate and minimal (clinical) anastomotic leakage.
 ...
PMID:Safety of double-stapled anastomosis in low anterior resection. 836 41

Diverticulosis of the colon is a disease that mainly affects the elderly, presenting in 10 to 20% of this age group. The most common complication--painful diverticular disease, is usually treated conservatively with a high-fiber diet, intermittent use of antispasmodics and possibly regulation of the stools. Diagnostic differentiation is best performed using ultrasonography of the bowel wall, supplemented where necessary by computer tomography and colonoscopy (sigmoidoscopy) or, where this latter is not possible, barium enema using Gastrografin. Conservative treatment of diverticulitis with antibiotics, bowel rest, possibly including parenteral alimentation, is usually applied for three to ten days. In the absence of a response to this treatment, frequent recurrence, immunosuppression or complications (perforation, peritonitis, enterovesicular fistula), surgery is indicated.
 ...
PMID:[Diverticulosis and diverticulitis in the elderly]. 957 71