Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1396851 (Epstein)
 24,119 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anti-complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test was modified to detect non-complement-fixing antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus nuclear antigen (IBNA). These EBNA antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin classes IgA and IgG. In our method anti-human gamma-globulin (AHG) was bound to the EBNA antibodies before the complement was added. If only non-complement-fixing antibodies are present the complement can be fixed to the AHG. Within only a few weeks of the onset of infectious mononucleosis (IM) the non-complement-fixing EBNA antibodies reach high titers while the complement-fixing antibodies (detected by the ACIF test) are not yet present. Anti-EBNA-IgM antibodies were not found in the IgM fractions of sera taken at different stages of IM.
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PMID:Sensitive method to detect non-complement-fixing antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigne. 17 58

Lymphocytes from normal adults, with or without serological signs of previous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, could be stimulated to proliferate and produce killer cells by incubation with autologous EBV-genome-positive lymphoid cell lines (LCLs). The stimulated cells were most probably of T-cell origin, although at the peak of stimulation many of them lacked the sheep erythrocyte marker. Direct effector-target cell contact was necessary for lysis to occur. The cytotoxicity of autologously stimulated (AS) lymphocytes was not restricted to EBV-genome-positive LCLs, nor to cell lines of hematopoietic origin. It was equally broad if cells carrying complement receptor had been removed before stimulation. Fresh lymphocytes, blasts induced by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, and Burkitt's lymphoma biopsy cells were resistant or considerably less sensitive. Mouse cells--even cell lines--were resistant. The sensitivity of target cells to lysis correlated positively with their capacity to block AS lymphocyte lysis of autologous LCLs in competition experiments. The cytotoxicity of AS lymphocytes was blocked by EBV-genome-positive and -negative cell lines, whereas the EBV-related cytotoxicity of T cells from acute cases of infectious mononucleosis was blocked by EBV-genome-positive LCL only.
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PMID:Stimulation of normal lymphocytes with autologous lymphoid cell lines: properties of derived killer cells. 17 17

Studies by others have demonstrated a leukocyte-transforming agent(s) (LTA) in the oropharyngeal secretions of a significant number of individuals with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis, cancer, and, to a lesser extent, an outpatient population. This present study determines by systematic sampling the prevalence of LTA in 27 families of a semirural community. Throat swab inoculums from three of 54 adults and none of 44 children induced transformation of umbilical cord lymphocytes. Complement-dependent Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen was detected in two of the three transformed cell cultures. The three LTA-positive individuals were characterized by the absence of serologic evidence of a recent Epstein-Barr virus infection and the lack of elevated antibodies against the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Epidemiologic study of a leukocyte-transforming agent in a general population. 17 38

Stimulated by a report on elevated IgA levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we tested a total of 372 sera from patients with NPC, other carcinomas of head and neck or elsewhere, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), infectious mononucleosis (IM) or healthy controls. The sera were titrated in indirect immunofluorescence tests for IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and to the diffuse (D) or restricted (R) components of the EBV-induced early antigen (EA) complex. The results proved NPC to be outstanding in that prior to therapy 93% of the patients tested revealed IgA antibodies to VCA and 73% to D, often at high titers which occasionally matched the corresponding IgG antibody levels. The EBV-specific IgA titers increased from stages I or II to stages III or IV; i.e. with the total tumor burden. Conversely, many of the NPC patients examined 2-6 years after initial therapy had only low levels of EBV-specific IgA or none at all, and the majority of those with high titers were known to have residual or recurrent disease. In contrast to untreated NPC patients, less than 5% of 73 patients with other carcinomas or of 76 healthy donors revealed VCA-specific IgA and even fewer EA-specific IgA; only 28% and 4% of 54 BL patients tested at admission had IgA antibodies to VCA and R, respectively, and 38% and 3% of 37 IM patients showed transient VCA- or D-specific IgA responses, all at generally low titers. While sera from untreated NPC patients often contained IgA antibodies also to herpes simplex type 1 virus, their incidence and range of low titers were similar to those obtained with sera from patients with other carcinomas or from healthy donors. It thus appears that the elevated IgA levels in NPC might be due to EBV-specific antibodies. Possible reasons for this unique response in NPC have been discussed.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgA serum antibodies as an outstanding feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 17 20

A high incidence of oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been observed in African children with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (48%) and matched controls (45%). This compares with an incidence of 77% in American patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 13% in age-matched controls. Cross-neutralization tests between EBV strains derived from BL and IM patients and their sera failed to detect differences in the major neutralizing antigenic components. Cord-blood lymphocytes transformed by American EBV expressed only early viral functions (EBV nuclear and soluble complement-fixing antigens) and produced no detectable transforming activity. By contrast, cord-blood lymphocytes transformed by African EBV strains contained 0.2-0.3% of cells with EBV capsid and early antigen and produced EBV with transforming activity. These cells contained twice as many copies of EBV homologous DNA as the cells transformed by American EBV strains.
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PMID:Comparative studies of Epstein-Barr virus strains from Ghana and the United States. 17 23

Positive serum tests for infectious mononucleosis (IM) unaccompanied by the clinical syndrome or blood changes characteristic of the disease were detected in 39/177 (22%) mentally subnormal patients investigated with three different commercially available IM slide tests. Slide positively was still detectable six months later in 27/35 (77%) positive reactors. Positive IM slide tests were significantly associated with anticonvulsant, primarily phenobarbitone therapy and with concomitant elevations of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Epstein Barr virus antibodies were not detectable in the sera of 8/38 (21%) positive slide reactors. The implications of these observations are discussed and attention is drawn to the variations in sensitivity, specificity, and comparability of different IM slide tests.
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PMID:False positive infectious mononucleosis serology in epilepsy. 17 96

A thirteen-year-old girl died of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) which occurred as part of a complex encephalitic illness related to acute infectious mononucleosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) fluorescent antibody (FA) titer was 1:64. Electron microscopic examination revealed 17 nanometer (nm) diameter paramyxovirus-like nucleocapsids in brain sections and 90 nm diameter herpes virus-like enveloped particles in negatively stained brain tissue extracts. Indirect FA staining of cerebral cortex sections demonstrated both measles and EBV antigenic material. EBV antigenic material has not previously been demonstrated in brain tissue. The proportion of B lymphocytes among the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly increased as compared to normal controls, while the T lymphocyte percentage was normal. It is suggested that defects in cellular immunity associated with infectious mononucleosis may have been responsible for activation of latent measles-like virus. This is the tenth reported case in which two viruses have been associated with SSPE. This is the third instance in the authors' experience in which acute EBV infection has occurred coincident with the development of SSPE.
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PMID:Mononucleosis-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 17 32

The role of immune complex formation was investigated in a patient with infectious mononucleosis complicated by an urticarial rash. Circulating cryoprotein immune complexes were identified during the urticarial phase of the illness, and disappeared during recovery. These complexes were composed of immunoglobulins G (IgG), M (IgM) and A (IgA), complement components C3, C4 and C5, Epstein-Barr (EB) virus capsid antibody and particles resembling EB virus. The IgG subtypes identified in the immune complexes were the complement fixing IgG-1, IgG-2 and IgG-3. The C3 activator of the properdin complex was detected in serum obtained during that acute phase but not after recovery. Thus, the transient appearance of circulating complement-fixing immune complexes was associated in this patient with activation of both classic and alternate complement pathways. The findings suggest that these complexes may be involved in the rash associated with infectious mononucleosis.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes and complement sequence activation in infectious mononucleosis. 17 55

Reasons are given for considering that there is sufficiently substantial indirect and circumstantial evidence linking Epstein-Barr (EB) virus to African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma to call for a dynamic new approach to establish a causal role for the virus in these human cancers. It would seem that the only way to do this would be to develop a vaccine, vaccinate a population at risk in a high-tumor-incidence area, and subsequently follow the population for a consequential decrease in tumor incidence. Recent developments in the control of animal herpesvirus-induced malignant tumors by vaccines free of viral nucleic acid make it possible to envisage that a similar vaccine could be developed against EB virus without undue difficulty. Experiments showing the tumor-inducing ability of EB virus in South American subhuman primates have provided an in vivo laboratory system in which to test the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Trial of the vaccine in human populations could be carried out by testing its ability to protect those at risk from primary EB virus infection accompanied by infectious mononucleosis. Although in world terms BL is not a major health problem, nevertheless African BL provides uniquely favorable conditions in which to test for a causative role for EB virus: high incidence areas are known, the peak tumor incidence is at the age of 5 or 6, and the effects of vaccination on tumor incidence could be assessed within a decade. Should a carcinogenic role for EB virus be demonstrated in African BL, a much longer term program would be called for to extend the vaccine control of infection to areas where EB virus is implicated in the induction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although a high incidence of this tumor is confined to populations of Southern Chinese origin, the very large numbers of such people and the frequency of the tumor among them make this a substantial world health problem and, therefore, worth the cost and effort necessary to develop a vaccine giving life-long immunity and to conduct a program that will take more than a generation to give positive results.
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PMID:Implications of a vaccine for the prevention of Epstein-Barr virus infection: ethical and logistic considerations. 17 31

The case is presented of a patient, treated for Hodgkin's disease, who contracted infectious mononucleosis more than 3 years later. While Epstein-Barr virus has been considered a possible etiologic factor in Hodgkin's disease, the sequence of events reported in this case has to be interpreted as evidence against a causal relationship between the virus and Hodgkin's disease in this patient.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. 17 58


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