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Query: UMLS:C1396851 (Epstein)
 24,119 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral lymphoid cells, from 12 cases of acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), were tested in a micro chromium-51 release assay for cytotoxic activity against a variety of cell lines that did or did not carry the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome. Unfractionated lymphocytes from these patients were cytotoxic to both types of cell lines, as were lymphocytes from healthy individuals. If, however, lymphocytes bearing complement receptors were removed, the residual IM lymphocyte fraction was specifically cytotoxic for EBV-genome-carrying cell lines. The residual lymphocyte fraction in normal donors had no such effect. Heterophile-positive IM is caused by EBV, and these results indicate that, during the acute phase of this disease, patients harbor killer cells, probably T cells, which specifically kill EBV-genome-carrying B cells in vitro. No such specificity for EBV-genome-psitive target cells was found in normal lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with autologous EBV-genome-positive lymphoblastoid cells. Such stimulated cells were highly cytotoxic to both genome-positive and negative lines after removal of complement receptor-positive lymphocytes.
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PMID:Cytotoxic effector cells specific for B Cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr virus are present in patients with infectious mononucleosis. 16 18

Several sources of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were tested for the ability to superinfect Raji cells or to transform human cord blood leukocytes. EBV prepared from P3HR-1 cells showed only the ability to superinfect Raji cells whereas EBV from QIMR-WIL cells from a cell line (CRU-L1) derived from an infectious mononucleosis (IM) patient or virus from throat washings from IM patients transformed human cord blood leukocytes, but did not superinfect Raji cells.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus: comparison of different strains for their biological activities in vitro. 16 22

In a study of a Caucasian population in Western Australia the prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was 41% in the 9- to 10-year age group, 80% in the 16 to 19-year age group and 92% in young adults. The age-specific annual seroconversion rates indicated two peaks of primary EBV infection in the population studied - one under 5 years of age and the other at adolescence. The geometric mean titre rose with age, from 23 at 5-6 years to 53 at 36-40 years. It was shown that in 73 families studied there was evidence of probable spread of EBV infection among siblings, particularly between those of the same sex. Serological study of patients with infectious mononucleosis indicated that 100% of those examined had antibody to EBV and the geometric mean titre was elevated to 210. Rising titres and seroconversion was demonstrated in these patients together with successful establishment of EBV-carrying cell lines from the peripheral blood in two-thirds of the cases.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies of Epstein-Barr herpesvirus infection in Western Australia. 16 49

Several lymphoid cell lines with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T-cell) characteristics have been established from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cell lines are considered to be leukemic T-cells on the basis of their abnormal chromosome constitution, growth in heterologous animals, ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells and the absence of immunoglobulin production, and destruction by antithymus cell sera. Sera from patients with leukemia did not react with these cultured cells but there was a strong reaction with infectious mononucleosis sera despite the fact that the cultured leukemia T-cells had no detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its genome.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 16 11

The successful demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin M (EBV IgM) antibody in human sera has been accomplished to date by at least four groups of workers. Many, however, including ourselves, have had difficulty in getting reproducible results with the techniques described. The three-coat technique described by H. Schmitz and M. Scherer (1972) on both fractionated and unfractioned sera was adopted with minor modifications. The Hyland antihuman IgM antiserum used in the second coat was made specific by absorption on Cohn fraction II. This step in the procedure was found to be the single most important factor in arriving at reproducible results in the IgM test. The EBV IgM antibodies from our results to date with this method in 14 cases of heterophil-positive cases of mononucleosis appear short lived, lasting 2 months or less. These antibodies were found in only 2 of 18 selected non-mononucleosis cases, in both associated with EBV-viral capsid antigen antibody rise or seroconversion. The successful elimination of nonspecific fluorescence by a simple, inexpensive procedure and the possibility of testing unabsorbed, unfractionated sera directly will facilitate the use oe the EBV IgM antibody test in the future.
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PMID:Improved Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin M antibody test. 17 Mar 5

Antibody levels to the Epstein-Barr virus, the etiological agent for heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis, have been demonstrated in high titer in a number of lymphomas as well as infectious mononucleosis. Recent reports have suggested that the elevated antibody levels to Epstein-Barr virus may be the nonspecific result of disordered cell-mediated immunity. This study of patients with cryptococcosis was therefore undertaken to examine another disorder of known etiology associated with a defect in cell-mediated immunity. In this study we found that antibody levels in cryptococcosis patients, including a group specifically demonstrated to be anergic to a series of skin test antigens, were no different than those in matched normal controls. At the present time, therefore, it is unlikely that elevated antibody levels can be explained solely on the basis of depressed cellular immunity.
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PMID:Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with cryptococcosis. 17 Mar 12

A rapid microradioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was adapted for quantitatively measuring antibody titers to antigens occurring in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoid cells. In these experiments two EBV-infected cell lines, HR1K and EB-3, were used as antigen-positive cells and Molt-4 was used as the negative control cells. The antibody titers of sera from suspected infectious mononucleosis patients were compared by RIA and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) methods. As determined by each of the methods, 14 of 19 sera had positive antibody titers and the remainder of the sera had negative antibody titers. Thus, the two methods agreed completely in differentiating sera with antibodies to EBV antigens. To further evaluate the antibody specificity of the RIA, the antibody titers of paired sera, pre- or early infection and postinfection, from five confirmed infectious mononucleosis patients were determined by RIA and IFA. Seroconversion was demonstrated by both RIA and IFA for each of the patients. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures are about the same.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in human infectious mononucleosis serum specimens. 17 Mar 14

Mature enveloped virions belonging to the herpes class were found in a concentrated, partially purified specimen of throat washings from a patient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of renal homograft rejection. This throat washing contained a high titer of biologically active Epstein-Barr virus and no other human herpesviruses. Epstein-Barr virions were not detected in throat washings from patients with mononucleosis that had only low titers of transforming activity.
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PMID:Direct visualization of enveloped Epstein-Barr Herpesvirus in throat washing with leukocyte-transforming activity. 17 19

Three heterophile antibody tests and a test specific for IgM antibody to Epstein-Barr virus were evaluated during prospective studies of infectious mononucleosis. Specificity was judged by the frequency of false-positive results in sera of known qualities taken before illness; except for two patients bled during early, unrecognized illnes,, titers of greater than or equal to 1:40 were detected in 12% by the absorbed sheep red cell test, in 6.7% by the absorbed horse red cell test, and in none by the beef cell hemolysin test. None had IgM antibody specific for Epstein-Barr virus in sera obtained before illness. In addition, no rises in titer of heterophile antibody were detected by the horse cell test in 38 patients with proved rubella and/or influenza infection. In terms of sensitivity (indicated by the percentage of cases with diagnostic titers during infectious mononucleosis), 97% were positive by the Epstein-Barr virus IgM test, 96% by the horse cell agglutination test, 85% by the beef hemolysin test, and 81% by the sheep cell agglutination test. Persistence of antibody was judged by serial bleedings up to three years after illness; titers of heterophile antibody by the sheep agglutination and beef hemolysin tests as well as titers of IgM antibody to Epstein-Barr virus returned to normal in two to three months, whereas the horse cell heterophile test remained positive for a year or more in 75%. Inapparent and mild infections with Epstein-Barr virus resulted in the production of horse cell heterophile antibody in 48.4% of 122 subjects.
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PMID:A prospective evaluation of heterophile and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM antibody tests in clinical and subclinical infectious mononucleosis: Specificity and sensitivity of the tests and persistence of antibody. 17 21

Mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with infectious mononucleosis and 16 healthy controls were tested in a 51Cr-release assay for cytotoxicity against two human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the same donor. One line contained the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the other did not. Acute-phase leukocytes were significantly more cytotoxic against the EBV-infected cell line than were control leukocytes. Mean (+/- S.E.) lysis at a leukocyte-target-cell ratio of 100:1 was 10.6 +/- 1.6 per cent for patients and 3.4 +/- 0.6 per cent for controls (P less than 0.0005). Cytotoxicity correlated with the percentage of atypical lymphocytes. Cells of three patients with acute mononucleosis-like illnesses failed to show killing activity above those of normal controls. Cytotoxicity against the EBV-negative line was not significantly different for each group. The finding of cytotoxic cells in infectious-mononucleosis patients with atypical lymphocytes suggests that these cells operate in vivo to limit the proliferation of altered EBV-transformed B lymphoblasts.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells in acute infectious mononucleosis. 17 68


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