Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1332347 (ADH)
 2,230 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, it was demonstrated that 4-methylpyrazole was not only an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase but also caused competitive inhibition of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, the enzyme which activates fatty acids (B. U. Bradford, D. T. Forman, and R. G. Thurman, 1993, Mol. Pharmacol. 43, 115-119). Rates of catalase-dependent alcohol metabolism were decreased in alcohol dehydrogenase-negative (ADH-) deer mice because the H2O2 supply for catalase via peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation was inhibited due to substrate limitation. In light of these findings it became necessary to reevaluate the role of catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase in alcohol metabolism. In this study, methanol, a selective substrate for catalase in rodents, was compared with ethanol. Rates of ethanol and methanol metabolism were studied in vivo at blood alcohol levels ranging from 50 to 500 mg/dl. In the ADH- deer mouse, rates of methanol and ethanol metabolism increased when alcohol was elevated from 0 to 100 mg/dl and were maximal at values around 6-8 mmol/kg/h (half-maximal rates were observed at blood alcohol levels around 50 mg/dl). In the ADH+ deer mouse, rates of ethanol metabolism increased to values around 9 mmol/kg/h at 100 mg/dl and remained constant at blood levels up to 500 mg/dl. In contrast, rates of methanol metabolism increased to values of only 5 mmol/kg/h at levels of 100 mg/dl (the half-maximal rate was about 2.5 mmol/kg/h at 50 mg/dl) followed by a steady increase to 9 mmol/kg/h as the blood level was increased from 100 to 500 mg/dl (the half-maximal rate for this second component was around 6 mmol/kg/h at 300 mg/dl). Rates of methanol uptake were 50 +/- 4 nmol/min/mg protein in 10,000g pellets from ADH- deer mouse livers; however, methanol was not metabolized by isolated microsomes. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole decreased ethanol and methanol metabolism 75% in ADH- deer mice. Further, olive oil, which is rich in oleate, increased methanol metabolism from 7 to 11.5 mmol/kg/h. This stimulation was blocked by fructose, which diminishes ATP and decreases H2O2 supply. In the ADH+ deer mouse, fructose (2 g/kg) stimulated ethanol metabolism as expected; however, inhibition of both ethanol and methanol metabolism was observed with higher doses of fructose (10 g/kg). Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that catalase is the predominant pathway for alcohol metabolism in the ADH- deer mouse. The contribution of catalase was about 50% in the ADH+ mutant at low doses of ethanol and approached 100% as the alcohol concentration was elevated.
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PMID:Evidence that catalase is a major pathway of ethanol oxidation in vivo: dose-response studies in deer mice using methanol as a selective substrate. 848 62

The fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters are known as biodiesels which are considered to be renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable biofuels. However, the conventional biodiesels show a high crystallization temperature which is one of the most critical obstacles against the widespread biodiesel usage. The high crystallization temperature of biodiesel can be reduced by replacing the methyl or ethyl ester with an isopropyl moiety. Here we report on a strategy to establish biosynthesis of the fatty acid isopropyl esters(FAIPEs) from the simple substrate glucose in Escherichia coli with heterologous coexpression of atoB encoded acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and atoAD encode acetoacetyl-CoA transferase from E. coli, ADC encode acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum, ADH encoded NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii, 'TesA encoded a truncated fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase and FadD encoded fatty acyl-CoA synthetase from E. coli, and the WS/DGAT encoded acyltransferase from Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1. It was found that the yield of FAIPEs was up to 203.4mg/L and accounted for around 6.4% (wt/wt) of the dry cell weight. Our results indicates that it is a feasible strategy to improve the yield of FAIPEs by increasing fatty acyl-CoA availability in biosynthetic pathway and exhibit a promising method for production of biodiesels with good low-temperature flow properties.
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PMID:Biosynthesis of the fatty acid isopropyl esters by engineered Escherichia coli. 2846 60