Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1332347 (ADH)
 2,230 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic microsomes catalyze the oxidation of ethanol and other drugs. The mechanisms through which ethanol alters mixed function oxidation are still debated. There is evidence that ethanol and drugs interact at a microsomal level, but there are also claims that ethanol may interfere with drug metabolism indirectly by affecting the supply of NADPH through NADH production in the ADH pathway. To investigate the role of chronic ethanol consumption, deermice with normal liver ADH (ADH+) or genetically lacking ADH (ADH-) were pair-fed liquid diets containing ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate for 23 days. The acute effects of ethanol were studied in deermice fed standard laboratory chow and tap water ad lib. In vivo and in vitro, the effects of an acute dose of ethanol and chronic ethanol feeding on mixed function oxidation as measured by the demethylation of aminopyrine were similar in both animal strains. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between ADH+ and ADH- animals under all experimental conditions studied. We conclude that induction and inhibition of mixed function oxidation by ethanol may be related to the interaction of ethanol with hepatic microsomes rather than to redox changes produced by ADH mediated ethanol metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of acute ethanol administration and chronic ethanol feeding on mixed function oxidation in deermice lacking ADH. 316 Mar 66

Injections of 0.2 M LiCl i. p. (1 ml/100 g/day) induced polydipsia in rats drinking tap water. The plasma lithium concentration and its content in the erythrocytes, skeletal muscles, renal tissue were significantly higher in the rats drinking tap water as compared with rats drinking saline. No significant differences in the body volume of extracellular fluid, muscle water, Na, K content and their muscle intracellular concentrations were noted between the "lithium" and the control rats. Na content in the plasma and the renal cortex--medullar Na gradient were decreased in the "lithium" rats drinking tap water. The hyaluronic acid content in renal papilla was increased in all rats receiving lithium injections. After an injection of ADH the papillary hyaluronic acid content markedly decreased in control rats while it decreased only insignificantly in "lithium" rats. The impairment of the ability of urine concentrating and polyuria in "lithium" rats seems to be partly connected with an enhancement of the polymerization degree of renal papillar hyaluronic acid.
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PMID:[The effect of lithium on the tissue levels of electrolytes and hyaluronic acid levels in the kidney papilla in the rat]. 687 79

Pekin ducks were implanted with devices allowing intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinfusions at rates of 0.1--0.4 mul/min during 15 min in the conscious animals. When hydrated by intragastric infusion of 1 ml/min tap water, i.c.v. infusion of hypertonic NaCl solutions reduced urine flow and increased osmolality, presumably due to increased ADH release. Osmotically equivalent Li+ salts (Cl-, Br-, So24-) caused a slightly prolonged antidiuresis, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ salts caused a more protracted antidiuresis. Urea solution osmotically equivalent to 4.8% NaCl had no effect on diuresis, while osmotically equivalent mannitol solution slightly enhanced diuresis. Angiotensin II (0.5--2.5 pmol in 15 min) and Carbachol (3.0 pmol in 15 min) infused in 0.9% saline caused antidiuresis. The results suggest that the central control of ADH release in birds is similarly organized as in mammals, with receptive elements reacting to ionic rather than osmotic changes and with Na+ as the naturally involved cation. In ducks with their salt glands activated by i.v. infusion of 800 mosmol NaCl/kg H2O at 0.2 ml/min, salt gland secretion was not augmented by i.c.v. microinfusion of hypertonic NaCl but inhibited by i.c.v. infusion of osmotically equivalent mannitol solution. The supraorbital salt glands, when activated appear to be little stimulated further by a rise but may be inhibited by a fall of i.c.v. Na+ concentration.
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PMID:Intracerebroventricular osmosensitivity in the Pekin Duck. Properties and functions in salt and water balance. 719 Nov 1