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Query: UMLS:C1332347 (ADH)
 2,230 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Study of AMPc phosphodiesterase shows presence of JH in diapausing chrysalids and antogonistic action of FH and pterines. Study of farnesoldeshydrogenase and farnesal deshydrogenase in Dm shows that FH4 and pterines inhibite FDH, active ADH. Conclusion is JH in diapause chrysalides is active factor with FH4 provoking genesis of pigmentary mutation, cellular proliferation or growth deficiencies. Comparison with JH+FH4+ teromes incubated in Bar (Muller 5) mutants of Dm in place of diapausing chrysalids reproduce larval deficiences, mosaics and mutations observed in precedent experiments.
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PMID:[Juvenile hormone in diapausing Pieris brassicae and mutations. Tetrahydrofolic acid and pterins incubated in chrysalids, provoking ontogenic and mutagenic genetic information alterations in Drosophila melanogaster]. 17 4

Three different dehydrogenases able to oxidize formaldehyde were found in the Gram-positive methylotroph, Nocardia sp. 239: an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (NA-ADH), and NAD- and factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FD-FDH), and a dye-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase (DL-ADH). The ratio of the activities observed for the two NAD-linked enzymes varied with growth conditions: batch-wise grown cells had nearly the same activities for both enzymes; in fed batch-wise grown cells (methanol limitation) only FD-FDH was detected. The latter is clearly involved in formaldehyde oxidation, since the enzyme and the factor were found only in methanol-grown cells and the enzyme is specific for formaldehyde. In contrast, the two aldehyde dehydrogenases may have significance for aldehyde dissimilation in general, since both activities could also be demonstrated in ethanol-grown cells (but not in glucose-grown cells) and higher aldehydes are even better substrates than formaldehyde. NA-ADH was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme seems to be a homotetramer since it showed a relative molecular mass of 200,000 and the denaturated form of 55,000. Other characteristics are as follows: the enzyme showed substrate inhibition for the aldehydes tested; optimal activity was found at pH 9.2; the reverse reaction was not observed; the enzyme was specific for NAD; GSH, K+, or NH4+ addition did not stimulate formaldehyde oxidation; the order of NAD and substrate addition to the enzyme was not important; several compounds able to block SH groups were inhibitory. Comparison with NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenases from Gram-negative bacteria showed that the Nocardia enzyme is distinct from the enzyme of Pseudomonas putida (EC 1.2.1.46) and of Hyphomicrobium X.
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PMID:Different types of formaldehyde-oxidizing dehydrogenases in Nocardia species 239: purification and characterization of an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase. 224 Nov 49

Modification of class III alcohol dehydrogenase (chi chi-ADH) with phenylglyoxal eliminates fatty acid activation by pentanoate and octanoate and concomitantly increases specific activity toward ethanol and 3-methylcrotyl alcohol 2-3-fold. In contrast, chemical modification decreases activity toward S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (FDH activity) and 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid by increasing Km, pointing to a role for arginine in binding anionic substrates. Modification with [7-14C]phenylglyoxal indicates that only one arginine residue per subunit is modified. Sequence analysis of tryptic peptides indicates that Arg-115 is modified. Site-directed mutation of this residue to alanine eliminates both fatty acid activation and FDH activity, thus confirming the identity of the modified residue and its function. These results account in part for the unique specificity of chi chi-ADH relative to other human ADH isozymes.
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PMID:Role of arginine 115 in fatty acid activation and formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity of human class III alcohol dehydrogenase. 849 91

Electrophoretic spectra of GOT, GDH, DIA, MDH, SOD, FDH, ADH, ACP, IDH enzymes in the megagametophytes of seeds of 69 mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) trees from natural populations of the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains have been described. 19 loci products had efficient electrophoretic separation. The analysis of alleles segregation of the heterozygous trees on the whole confirms monogenic inheritance of the discovered variants.
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PMID:[Genetic diversity of isoenzymes in mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) in natural populations in the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains]. 1121 32

Genetic control of GOT, GDH, DIA, MDH, SOD, FDH, ADH, ACP, and LAP enzymes was studied in the seed megagametophytes of cembra pine (Pinus cembra L.) from the natural population of the Ukrainian Carpa-thian mountains. Efficient electrophoretic separation was obtained for 21 loci products. The analysis of allele segregation in heterozygous trees confirms monogenic inheritance of the revealed variants.
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PMID:[Genetic control of the isoenzymes in Cembra pine (Pinus cembra L.) in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains]. 1183 36

The genetic control of 9 enzymous systems in 46 trees of Pinus pityusa Stev. of two isolated Crimean populations was studied using electrophoretic separation of izsozymes in vertical plates of polyacrylamide gel. The detailed description of electrophoretic spectra of ADH, ACP, DIA, GOT, GDH, LAP, MDH, FDH, and SOD encoded by 20 loci is presented. The comparative analysis of the results published data on these allozymous loci in closely related pine species of genus Pinus L. was made.
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PMID:[Genetic control of allozymes of Pinus pityusa Stev. in natural Crimean populations]. 1201 92

Genetic control of GOT, GDH, DIA, MDH, ME, SOD, FDH, ADH, ACP, LAP enzymes has been studied in the seed megagametophytes of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from four natural populations of the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains. The distinct electrophoretic division has been obtained for the 21 loci products. The analysis of allele segregation in the heterozygous trees confirms monogenic inheritance of the revealed variants.
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PMID:[Genetic control of Silver fir isozymes (Abies alba Mill.) of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains]. 1294 81

Swiss stone pine Pinus cembra L. is a species with fragmented range, occurring in the Alpine-East Carpathian mountain system. Seeds of P. cembra are dispersed by nutcrackers, which offers potential possibilities for gene exchange among populations. Using isozyme analysis, we have examined five samples from two parts of the Swiss stone pine range: the Alps (Switzerland and Austria) and the Carpathians (two samples from the northern macroslope of the Gorgany Ridge, Eastern Carpathians, Ivano-Frankovsk oblast and one sample from Trans-Carpathian oblast of Ukraine). The allele frequencies of 30 isozyme loci, coding for enzymes ADH, FDH, FEST, GDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MNR, MDH, PEPCA, 6PGD, PGI, PGM, SDH, SKDH, SOD, were analyzed using cluster analysis and methods of principal components. Two clusters, corresponding to the isolated Alpine and Carpathian parts of the range, were found. The main contribution to these differences were made by loci Adh-1, Adh-2, Fest-2, Lap-3, Mdh-4, and Sod-4. The interpopulation differentiation proved to be somewhat higher than that typical for pines (F(ST) = 7.4%), but within the limits characteristic for taxonomically close species. Thus, isolation of the populations did not lead to their marked differentiation, which may be explained by gene flow and balancing selection, which equalizes gene frequencies across the fragmented species area. Interlocus F(ST) heterogeneity (from 0.003 to 0.173) suggests adaptive significance of some of the allozyme polymorphisms or linkage of some loci with adaptive genes. The Carpathian populations were shown to have higher gene diversity than the Alpine ones (expected heterozygosities 0.095-0.114 and 0.060-0.080, respectively). A deficit of heterozygotes (as compared to the Hardy-Weinberg proportions), observed in the embryo sample, was probably explained by inbreeding. The reduction in the area of Carpathian pine forests in Holocene, caused by the global climatic changes and the anthropogenic impact, is hazardous for the gene pool of the species. The maintenance of genetic uniqueness of both Carpathian populations of P. cembra in general, and individual stands in particular, requires special measures for protection of Swiss stone pine in the Eastern Carpathians.
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PMID:[Allozyme polymorphism of Swiss stone pine Pinus cembra L. in mountainous populations of the Alps and the Eastern Carpathians]. 1635 21

Genetical control of the enzymes GOT, GDH, DIA, MDH, SOD, FDH, ADH, ACP and LAP has been studied in nine natural Carpathian populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis and analysis of isozyme variability in 346 trees. Seventy one allel products of 20 gene loci have been clearly established. Segregation analysis of the revealed allele variants confirms their monogenic inheritance.
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PMID:[Genetic control of isozymes in European spruces (Picea abies (L) Karst) of the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains]. 1686 84

Siberian dwarf pine, or Japanese stone pine, Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel is widespread in eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East; the species is bird-dispersed and has a unique spreading or shrub living form. A mixed mating system (predominant outcrossing with self-pollination and matings of close relatives) leads to the formation of partly inbred progenies in P. pumila, as in the majority of other conifers. The question arises as to whether inbred individuals persist in the reproductive part of a population, which can have negative genetic consequences. The ADH, FDH, FEST, GDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MNR, MDH, PEPCA, 6-PGD, PGI, PGM, SKDH, and SOD isozyme systems were analyzed to study the dynamics of heterozygosity in four P. pumila natural populations from the Pacific region, optimal for the species. Samples were collected in northern Koryakia, southern Kamchatka (two samples), and the Kunashir Island (Kurils). Wright's fixation index was used to estimate the level of inbreeding in embryos from dormant seeds resulting from free pollination and in maternal plants. A substantial level of inbreeding (F(IS) = 0.124-0.342) was observed in the embryo samples but not in three out of the four adult samples. The inbreeding level at the reproductive age was high only in the sample from Koryakia, which was explained by a relatively young age of plants in the population frequently affected by fires. A general increase in heterozygosity, characteristic of other conifers as well, was attributed to elimination of inbred progenies and by balancing selection for heterozygotes, which is a key factor maintaining allozyme polymorphism in populations.
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PMID:[Dynamics of allozyme heterozygosity in Siberian dwarf pine Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel populations of the Russian Far East: comparison of embryos and maternal plants]. 1715 5


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