Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1323099 (sympathomimetic)
 2,957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aminophylline (250 mg., over five minutes) was infused intravenously to 10 patients with oxytocin-induced contractions. The uterine activity decreased to 87 per cent because of the effect on contraction intensity; contraction frequency was unaffected. The maximum maternal pulse rate increased to 33 beats per minute. Blood pressure was unaffected. The fetal heart rate and beat-to-beat variability increased. An increased dosage of aminophylline produced unacceptably high maternal tachycardia. Comparing the results to those produced by the beta-sympathomimetic drugs in the same experimental model, it is concluded that aminophylline exhibits poor uterine selectivity with an unfavorable cardiovascular/tocolytic ratio.
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PMID:Uterine and cardiovascular effects of aminophylline. 68 63

The action potential duration (APD) of isolated guinea pig papillary muscle is directly related to the medium glucose concentration regardless of the gas mixture with which it is in equilibrium. The APD can be maintained at control value for many hours by a glucose concentration of 50 mM in the complete absence of oxygen. Following reduction of the APD by incubation of the muscle in medium containing 5 mM glucose, adjustment of the glucose concentration to 50 mM will cause restoration of normal APD. Phlorizin has been shown to competitively interfere with the effect of glucose on the APD and insulin to prevent or reverse the effect of phlorizin. Nonmetabolizable sugars cannot produce glucose-like effects on the APD. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isopropylnoradrenaline increased the reduced APD of papillary muscles incubated in the absence of oxygen in a medium containing 5 mM glucose coincident with an increase in contractile force. The effect of isopropylnoradrenaline was blocked by acetylcholine and propranolol. In the presence of iodoacetate and 2-deoxyglucose, isopropylnoradrenaline increased contractile force but not the reduced APD. Aminophylline was found to produce changes in the reduced APD similar to those caused by the sympathomimetic amines. The findings clearly support the hypothesis that anaerobic metabolism utilizing either glycogen or exogenous glucose is capable of maintaining normal transmembrane electrical activity in guinea pig papillary muscle.
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PMID:Influence of glucose on the transmembrane action potential of papillary muscle. Effects of concentration, phlorizin and insulin, nonmetabolizable sugars, and stimulators of glycolysis. 578 11

We report the results of a double blind controlled trial on 12 children with clinical asthma. Each child received three different treatment regimens; terbutaline sulphate 0.5 mg (Bricanyl) via a metered aerosol; orally administered theophylline 5 mg/kg (Somophyllin); or a combination of both. As expected, the metered aerosol therapy produced significantly greater early bronchodilatation than therapy with theophylline alone. In addition, the combined therapy produced a significantly greater bronchodilatation after three hours than the metered aerosol alone (P less than 0.05). This trend was also observed after one and two hours, but did not reach significance (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). We conclude that there is value in combining a B2 sympathomimetic metered aerosol and oral theophylline in children with asthma.
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PMID:Value of combining B2 sympathomimetic metered aerosol and oral theophylline in children with asthma. 701 41

Management of patients with acute, severe asthma mandates the use of comprehensive monitoring and aggressive therapeutic drug regimens. Global clinical and objective assessment criteria can help determine the severity of the acute episode and will also help determine optimal management protocols. The response to aggressive therapy, rather than the initial severity of the attack, predicts outcome. Beta 2 sympathomimetic agents are the treatment of choice for acute asthmatic episodes. Aminophylline and parasympatholytic agents may be useful adjuvants, but more data are needed before firm conclusions can be reached regarding risk-benefit ratios. The optimal timing of steroid therapy is not yet known, but even this form of treatment is slow in producing results.
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PMID:Management of patients with acute asthma: what do we know? What do we need to know? 815 39