Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1323099 (sympathomimetic)
 2,957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Functional disorders and efficacy of treatment with a beta-2-agonist salbutamol (Ventolin), 0.225 mg/kg bodyweight, systemically given, were evaluated by infant whole-body plethysmography in 60 infants (64 data sets) with broncho-pulmonary disease belonging to three diagnostic groups: 24 survivors after respiratory distress syndrome, 21 patients with recurrent wheezing, and 15 infants with cystic fibrosis. The values of thoracic gas volume (IGV) and airway resistance (Raw) prior to the drug administration showed a scattered distribution, which was unrelated to the 3 diagnostic groups. Therefore, stratification into 4 functional groups was performed. In 25 tests (22 infants) normal lung function (TGV less than 130% pred., Raw less than 130% pred.); in 16 tests pulmonary hyperinflation (TGV greater than 130% pred., Raw less than 130% pred.); in 10 tests hyperinflation and bronchial obstruction (TGV and Raw greater than 130% pred.); and in 13 tests (12 patients) bronchial obstruction (TGV less than 130% pred; Raw greater than 130% pred.) were found. The response to beta-2-agonists was evaluated by vector analysis (circular statistics) revealing different response groups. With respect to the initial lung function abnormality and due to a stratification into different "response groups", beta adrenoreceptor agonists showed a volume-response (decrease in end-expiratory level) in 63% of infants with pulmonary hyperinflation, a flow response (improvement of airway resistance) in 54% of infants with predominantly bronchial obstruction and a mixed-response (decrease of TGV and Raw) in 70% of infants with mixed functional abnormalities, at least if the drug is given systemically. However, distinction into functional groups and its response to a sympathomimetic agent is only possible when both, changes in TGV and concomitant changes in Raw are accurately assessed.
 ...
PMID:Improvement from pulmonary hyperinflation and bronchial obstruction following sympathomimetics systemically given in infants with broncho-pulmonary diseases. 234 17

Patients with nocturnal asthma have their lowest pulmonary function and lowest serum epinephrine level at 4 to 6 AM. We studied a new long-acting beta-adrenergic agonist, procaterol, in ten patients with nocturnal asthma. The patients received 0.1 mg of procaterol one night and a placebo the other night in random order. Pulmonary function tests were performed every two hours from 10 PM to 8 AM. Pulmonary sounds were recorded using a modified stethoscope and were subsequently analyzed to estimate the proportion of time occupied by wheezing (est Tw/Ttot). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) while receiving the placebo and procaterol were similar at 10 PM (placebo, 1.35 +/- 0.18 L [mean +/- SE]; procaterol, 1.48 +/- 0.20 L); however, by 4 AM, the FEV1 had dropped significantly lower on the night with the placebo (1.01 +/- 0.14 L) than the night with procaterol (1.30 +/- 0.19 L; p less than 0.05). The est Tw/Ttot was similar at 12 AM for both nights, but at 4 AM, there was a significant increase in the est Tw/Ttot for the group with placebo but not the group with procaterol. The use of a long-acting beta-adrenergic sympathomimetic agent reversed the obstruction of the airways seen with nocturnal asthma.
 ...
PMID:The utility of a long-acting sympathomimetic agent, procaterol, for nocturnal asthma. 296 37

Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli. A widespread narrowing of the airways is manifested as recurrent epidoses of wheezing. Asthma in infancy can be confused with different airway diseases which produce similar symptoms and changes. The patient's history, chest x-ray, measurement of specific IgE and repeated pulmonary function testing help to establish the right diagnosis. Nebulized sympathomimetic agents, theophylline and oxygen are used in the management of acute dyspnea; environmental control, dinatrium cromoglycicum, ketotifen, corticosteroids and hyposensitization prevent recurrent epidoses of wheezing.
 ...
PMID:[Bronchial asthma in children]. 680 35

Since bronchiolitis has clinical and pathophysiologic similarities to asthma, the use of bronchodilator drugs has been suggested; however, their effectiveness remains unproven. We reviewed the outcome of treatment in 64 children less than 18 months of age hospitalized for the first time with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis or wheezing. Thirty one of the patients received theophylline therapy and sometimes steroids and/or inhaled sympathomimetic drugs, and 34 received no such therapy. Although the theophylline-treated children were older (9.4 vs 4.9 months of age), there were no other differences in the histories, clinical findings, laboratory assessments, or outcome between theophylline-treated and untreated groups. The results suggest that theophylline and steroid therapies had not beneficial effects on the resolution of acute bronchiolitis or wheezing in the majority of infants and small children.
 ...
PMID:Theophylline therapy in bronchiolitis. A retrospective study. 729 94

Anamnestic factors of importance are, in particular, acute attacks of shortness of breath, dry cough and symptoms of concomitant rhinoconjunctivitis. Wheezing and other rhonchi are the typical findings on auscultation. Of decisive importance for the diagnosis is spirometry showing reduced values for the one-second/forced vital capacity and the Tiffeneau index. After administration of a beta sympathomimetic, an obstruction can be at least partially reversed. An absent primary obstruction should be inducible by unspecific provocation. On the basis of symptoms and lung function, bronchial asthma is divided into four stages. For establishing the allergic genesis of the illness, additional anamnestic data, in particular concerning the nature of possible allergens, are needed before sensitization is proven by the prick test and the detection of specific IgE antibodies. An equivocal situation can be clarified with the aid of specific nasal--more rarely also bronchial--provocation.
 ...
PMID:[Basic diagnostic approach to suspected allergic asthma]. 1761 31