Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1323099 (sympathomimetic)
 2,957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight patients suffering from both asthma and migraine underwent a clinical trial for 3 months of indoramin, an alpha adrenoceptor antagonist with antihistamine and antiserotonin activity. Patients were told indoramin was prescribed for migraine prophylaxis. In three asthmatic patients there was a marked increase in airflow meter (AFM) readings which were recorded daily, the remaining five showing no significant change or a decrease in AFM readings. Indoramin did not appear to potentiate the action of the beta sympathomimetic aerosols. It is suggested that a small population of asthmatic patients may derive therapeutic benefit from an alpha adrenoceptor antagonist. Seven of the eight patients experienced a 50% decrease in the frequency of their migraine headaches.
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PMID:Long-term trial of an alpha adrenoceptor blocking drug (Indoramin) in asthma. A preliminary report. 37 90

The mydriatic action of sympathomimetic eyedrops after a therapeutic dose of ergotamine was measured in migraine patients with and without histories of long-term ergotamine abuse. Mydriasis induced by the postsynaptic alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine was similar in both groups of patients tested, whereas pupillary dilation caused by the release of noradrenaline tyramine was markedly greater in patients with histories of ergotamine abuse. The enhanced response to tyramine disappeared after drug withdrawal. These findings indicate that continuous ergotamine medication causes a reversible alterations in iris sympathetic transmission. This manifestation may reflect a central inhibition of pupillary sympathetic activity.
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PMID:Long-term ergotamine abuse: effect on adrenergically induced mydriasis. 131 4

Five beta-blocking agents are effective as long-term prophylactic treatment of migraine: propranolol, metoprolol, timolol, atenolol and nadolol. Propranolol has been most extensively studied and proved effective in 19 of 21 controlled trials. The optimal dose should be determined on a case-by-case basis, by increasing the daily dosage gradually. Among the properties of beta-blockers, the only one which appears to be correlated--albeit negatively--with effectiveness on migraine is intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA): drugs without ISA are effective against migraine whereas partial agonists are not. The mode of action of beta-blockers in migraine is still poorly understood; one of the most cogent current hypotheses involves reduction of brain catecholaminergic hyperactivity.
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PMID:[Beta-blockers and migraine]. 135 72

The records of 21 patients admitted to hospital from January 1985 to December 1988 for acute headache associated with cocaine intoxication were reviewed. Fifteen patients were identified who experienced headaches with migrainous features in the absence of neurological or systemic complications. None of them had a history of cocaine-unrelated headaches or a family history of migraine, and all had a favourable outcome. Three possible mechanisms of cocaine-related vascular headaches are discussed which depend on the interval between cocaine ingestion and development of the headache. We postulate that acute headaches following cocaine use may relate to the sympathomimetic or vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine, while headaches following cocaine withdrawal or exacerbated during a cocaine "binge" may relate to cocaine-induced alteration of the serotoninergic system.
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PMID:Cocaine-related vascular headaches. 195 99

Based on published reports of controlled double-blind studies, the efficacy of beta-receptor blockers and calcium antagonists in the prophylactic treatment of migraine is reviewed. Taking into consideration problems in trial design and evaluation of the effects of treatment, and the amount of documentation, it may be concluded that propranolol, metoprolol, timolol, nadolol and atenolol have been shown to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in patients with common as well as classical migraine. The effect on duration and intensity of migraine attacks is less clear. Treatment effect is generally seen within 4 weeks, but seems to increase with time. Nonselective beta-receptor blockers as well as drugs selective for beta1-receptors may be effective, and their efficacy is comparable to that of other active antimigraine drugs. Available studies do not exclude the fact that beta-receptor blockers with partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) have an effect, but suggest that their efficacy is inferior to that of blockers lacking this property. Among the calcium antagonists tested for prophylactic effect in migraine, the effects of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem seem promising, but available documentation does not allow any definitive statements of efficacy to be made, particularly not for nifedipine and diltiazem. The ability of flunarizine to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in patients with common and classical migraine is well documented; its effect on attack duration and intensity is less well established. The response rate is similar to that for beta-receptor blockers, and to that, for example, for pizotifen (pizotyline). Nimodipine also appears to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, but the efficacy of this drug, compared with other alternatives, remains to be definitely established.
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PMID:Beta-adrenoceptor blockers and calcium antagonists in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine. 197 Feb 89

Autonomic dysreflexia, a syndrome sometimes occurring in spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals, may be life-threatening. It involves, in varying degrees, hypertension, diaphoresis, headache, bradycardia, anxiety, and flushing and is believed due to unrestricted sympathetic activity below the level of the lesion in individuals with injuries above T4-6. The most frequent causes of the syndrome are urinary infections, rectal impaction, bladder distention, and decubitus ulcers. To our knowledge, medication has seldom been described as causal agent. We report here on an autonomic dysreflexic syndrome following use of an isometheptene combination (Midrin), to treat migraine. The individual involved is a C4-quadriplegic man with a long history of migraines. He was given a standard initial adult dose of the medication. Over a one-hour period, he was initially relieved of the headache, but then noted a new more severe headache, diaphoresis, and flushing. His vital signs showed progressive BP elevation to 210/130 and a relative bradycardia. Treatment over the next three hours was limited to elevation of the head of the bed and observation, during which his vital signs returned to baseline and he became asymptomatic. This experience reinforces the belief that sympathomimetic drugs in general, and isometheptene in particular, should be used in caution in patients with high-level SCI.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia due to medication: misadventure in the use of an isometheptene combination to treat migraine. 403 34

1 Previous investigations into the vascular actions of biogenic amines implicated in migraine have shown that the contractile effects of both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in the rabbit ear artery are mediated by a direct sympathomimetic action at alpha-adrenoceptors, while in the rabbit aorta, 5-HT and NA act on pharmacologically distinct receptors. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the absence of 5-HT receptors in rabbit ear arteries is characteristic of distributing arteries in general, or is confined to particular regional circulations.2 Agonist-antagonist interactions were studied in various rabbit vascular preparations (common carotid, external carotid and femoral arterial strips, and perfused ear arteries) by determining pA(2) values for pizotifen and phentolamine against 5-HT- and NA-induced contractile responses.3 In common carotid and femoral arteries, pizotifen was a potent competitive antagonist of 5-HT, but weak against NA. The converse applied to phentolamine. In external carotid and ear arteries, pizotifen was a weak competitive antagonist of both 5-HT and NA, whereas phentolamine was a potent competitive antagonist of both. Cocaine did not influence pA(2) values against NA.4 5-HT and NA were of similar potency in common carotid and femoral arteries, but 5-HT was much less potent than NA in external carotid and ear arteries.5 The results indicate that rabbit common carotid and femoral arteries contain both D-type 5-HT receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors, as does the aorta. However, external carotid arteries, like ear arteries, do not contain specific 5-HT receptors. The action of 5-HT in the external carotid artery is mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors; this is a direct sympathomimetic action since it was not inhibited by cocaine or reserpine-pretreatment.6 The absence of 5-HT receptors in the rabbit extracranial circulation may limit the usefulness of this species as a model for research relating to migraine.
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PMID:Receptor mechanisms for 5-hydroxytryptamine in rabbit arteries. 627 21

Oxprenolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent that also possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and membrane stabilizing effects. Oxprenolol undergoes first pass metabolism with only 30% of an oral dose reaching the systemic circulation. The drug is approximately 80% protein bound and is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. Less than 4% of oxprenolol is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oxprenolol may reduce the heart rate and prolong the effective and functional atrioventricular nodal refractory period. Oxprenolol has less negative inotropic and chronotropic effects than propranolol. Plasma renin activity is reduced; however, changes in plasma aldosterone level are not significant. Long term metabolic effects require further study. Oxprenolol appears to be comparable to other beta blockers in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris with no additional adverse reactions. If its partial agonist effect proves useful, it may have an advantage over other agents in treating patients with borderline cardiac reserve. Because of limited data, the use of oxprenolol for the treatment of arrhythmias, migraine, thyrotoxicosis, anxiety, and glaucoma cannot be recommended at this time.
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PMID:Oxprenolol hydrochloride: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinical efficacy. 634 36

We report the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of a severe hypertensive patient with recurrent migraine-induced hypotension. The patient died of migraine-induced vasomotor paralysis despite prompt institutions of fluid and sympathomimetic and parasympatholytic agents. Postmortem study revealed autonomic ganglionitis and neuritis.
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PMID:Autonomic ganglionitis with severe hypertension, migraine, and episodic but fatal hypotension. 933 30

Between 3.7% and 8.5% of all strokes occur before the age of 45 years old. In the population under 15 years of age, the annual incidence of strokes is 2.7 per 100,000 children, with ischaemic strokes making up 1.2 and haemorrhagic strokes 1.5 of this total. The main characteristic of ischaemic strokes in childhood is the wide variety of diagnoses involved. Some of these, such as congenital cardiopathy, are rare in adults, as are dissections and arterial dysplasias, arteritis, hereditary connective tissue disorders and disorders of metabolism. Similarly, the aetiology of haemorrhagic stroke is also very varied, with bursting of a vascular malformation or aneurysm being the commonest. Other aetiologies are disorders of haemostasis, arteritis, migraine, retarded post-traumatic phenomena and the use of drugs and sympathomimetic agents. The personal, family and social repercussions are considerable, since both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes have an appreciable mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:[Stroke in teenagers]. 924 29


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