Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1323099 (sympathomimetic)
 2,957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The model psychosis associated with amphetamine overdosage is known to bear a close resemblance to acute paranoid schizophrenia. Amphetamine is chemically similar to the endogenous sympathomimetic amine, phenylethylamine, which possess many of its pharmacological properties. It is suggested that some cases of schizophrenia may be associated with an abnormal phenylethylamine response, either from increased concentrations of the amine or from abnormal receptor sensitivity to it.
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PMID:Does phenylethylamine cause schizophrenia? 5 86

The use for hallucinogenic purposes of an indigenous mushroom, Psilocybe semilanceata indigenous to Britain is reported in three patients. Typical psychedelic, transient psychotic and more prolonged schizophrenia-like states were seen, with sympathomimetic signs noted in two cases, in one being prolonged. Enquiry about such mushroom abuse should be considered in individuals presenting to medical or psychiatric emergency clinics.
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PMID:Abuse of indigenous psilocybin mushrooms: a new fashion and some psychiatric complications. 56 44

13 psychotic patients developing various degrees of postural hypotension during neuroleptic or antidepressant treatment were additionally given either placebo or a mineralocorticoid or a sympathomimetic drug. As shown by Schellong tests during therapy the best effect on postural hypotension was achieved by the mineralocorticoid. The statistical evaluation of the randomised study was significant.
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PMID:[Double-blind study on the therapy of postural hypotension in psychotic patients under psychotropic medication (author's transl)]. 78 17

Ever since the introduction of the alkaloid ephedrine as an anti-asthmatic, the CNS stimulatory effects of this sympathomimetic have been a problem in therapy. Indeed, the use of ephedrine is not only limited by its cardiovascular effects, but also by the occurrence of insomnia, restlessness and anxiety. Exceptionally, ephedrine may even induce toxic psychosis, and the possibility of this side effect has recently received renewed attention. Besides ephedrine, the ephedra plant contains some norpseudoephedrine. This substance is also called cathine, because it is a major alkaloid of Catha edulis or khat, a plant that is widely used as a stimulant in certain countries of East Africa and of the Arab Peninsula. The effects of khat have been explained formerly by those of cathine; some time ago, however, the labile alkaloid cathinone was discovered in khat. This substance is the keto-analog of cathine; it is therefore more lipophilic and penetrates easily to its sites of action in the central nervous system. Indeed, cathinone has been found to be a highly potent CNS stimulant and it is now known to be the main psychoactive constituent of khat; the results of various in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that cathinone must be considered a natural amphetamine. In confirmation of this view, it has recently been demonstrated that cathinone has in humans marked euphorigenic and psychostimulant effects. As the case may be, these findings may lead, together with epidemiological data, to a reconsideration of the use of khat as a stimulant and social drug.
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PMID:The pharmacology of psychoactive alkaloids from ephedra and catha. 188 Nov 58

Dependence on mephentermine, a widely used sympathomimetic pressor agent, is so far unreported, although misuse of inhalers is recognised. A case of mephentermine dependence associated with chronic psychosis is reported here. Psychosis initially surfaced with chronic dexamphetamine abuse, but was sustained for 3 years by mephentermine. After a period of remission lasting for 4 years, the patient again developed psychosis on restarting abuse of mephentermine, which lasted for 5 years.
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PMID:Mephentermine dependence with psychosis. A case report. 316 21

The central effects of phencyclidine (PCP) were investigated using electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral techniques. PCP produced depressions of neuronal firing of several brain regions when applied locally or parenterally. At the cerebellar locus coeruleus Purkinje neuron pathway PCP produced depressions of spontaneous firing. Use of lesion techniques and receptor antagonists revealed that at this synapse PCP acted as an agonist, i.e., an indirect sympathomimetic in that it caused release and or blocked reuptake of norepinephrine. PCP also produce alterations in behavioral measures such as stereotypy and rotarod performance. In addition PCP, like norepinephrine, produced increases in cyclic AMP levels in cerebellar slices. Inhibition of central neuron firing, and alterations in behavior were correlated with brain and blood levels of PCP. Many effects of PCP were antagonized by neuroleptics. It can be concluded that PCP has profound effects on several indices of central neuron function and such changes can be related to the psychosis and other effects of this drug.
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PMID:Candidate mechanisms underlying phencyclidine-induced psychosis: an electrophysiological behavioral, and biochemical study. 612 73

Paranoid psychosis may result from intoxication with, or withdrawal from amphetamines. The authors describe two cases of paranoid confusional psychosis commencing 1 week after the patients' withdrawal from sympathomimetic amines. The pathophysiology for this unusual disorder may be agonist-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Confusional paranoid psychosis after withdrawal from sympathomimetic amines: two case reports. 711 16

Phencyclidine (PCP), a widely abused drug currently, has multiple pharmacological actions, including psychotomimetic [1], anesthetic [2], sympathomimetic [2], anticholinergic [3-7], and dopaminergic [8-10]. Similarly, PCP intoxication in man can present with diverse symptoms: schizophrenia-like delusions and hallucinations; mania; violence, dyskinetic, catatonic, or stereotyped movements; hypertension; and coma [11, 12]. There is general agreement that the treatment of PCP intoxication includes support of vital functions and acidification of the urine [13]. However, there is no known specific antidote for PCP toxicity. Although diazepam [13], haloperidol [14, 15], and chlorpromazine [16] have been reported to improve the agitation and psychotic symptoms caused by PCP, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents has rarely been documented with objective clinical measures. Recently we found that intramuscular physostigmine and haloperidol [17, 18] improved several symptoms of acute PCP intoxication as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [19].
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PMID:Phencyclidine intoxication: assessment of possible antidotes. 713 17

Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is an amphetamine-like substance that is found in 64 different over-the-counter preparations for colds and appetite suppression. It is also found in numerous prescription drugs. Recently, it has been reported to cause symptoms of sympathomimetic-like effects, such as severe hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and possible renal failure. Also, several cases of psychotic episodes while taking phenylpropanolamine have been reported. This is the report of seven patients who have experienced acute CNS effects. These effects range from stimulation of the medullary respiratory center to tremor, restlessness, increased motor activity, agitation, and hallucinations.
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PMID:Amphetamine-like reactions to phenylpropanolamine. 745 88

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic drug contained in numerous over-the-counter and prescription decongestants and appetite suppressants. A range of adverse effects have been reported, including neuropsychiatric reactions in patients known to be taking recommended doses. Given that psychiatric symptoms are not included in the manufacturer's lists of adverse drug reactions, the incidence may be significantly higher. We report a cae of paranoid psychosis following use of a decongestant containing PPA and summarize the case report literature of psychiatric adverse effects to PPA in which doses were known and stated to be within recommended guidelines. A pattern of possible risk factors emerges from these reports. These may include 1) symptoms or history of mood spectrum disorder, 2) history of psychosis, 3) female sex, 4) family history of psychiatric disorder. The possibility that a higher incidence of adverse events occurs in a vulnerable population has not been systematically addressed, and seems called for. We recommend that physicians specifically inquire about patients' use of decongestants and diet aids. In half of the above cases, symptoms resolved without the use of antipsychotics.
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PMID:Phenylpropanolamine-induced psychosis. Potential predisposing factors. 871 9


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