Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1291077 (bloating)
 1,674 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric dysrhythmias, such as tachy- or bradygastria, have been reported in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), but their role in symptom production is uncertain. It is also not known whether gastric dysrhythmias in these patients can be elicited by physiological gastric distension with a meal. We investigated the relationships between symptoms after ingestion of different volumes of water following a test meal and gastric dysrhythmias in FD patients. Fourteen patients with dysmotility-like FD and 13 healthy volunteers underwent paired electrogastrography (EGG) studies. Fasted subjects ingested 150 ml of yoghurt with either 150 ml (low volume) or 300 ml (high volume) water in random order. Fasting and fed EGGs with monitoring of symptoms were performed in both studies. Ten FD patients (71.4%) reported upper abdominal discomfort and bloating after the low volume meal, but only one (7.1%) presented an abnormal EGG (dominant frequency in the 2-4-cpm range: 58%). Following the high volume meal, 7 patients (50%) had symptoms, but none had EGG abnormalities. No significant differences were found between FD patients and controls for any of the EGG variables, in any test. In FD patients with postprandial symptoms, the percentage of the EGG dominant frequency in the normal range (median, 84.6%; range, 76.0-100.0%) was similar (P>0.20) to that in those without symptoms (88.5%; 75.0-100.0%). We conclude that disturbances of gastric myoelectrical activity are unlikely to play a role in the origin of postprandial upper abdominal discomfort and bloating in dysmotility-like FD.
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PMID:Postprandial symptoms in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia are not related to disturbances of gastric myoelectrical activity. 1468 43

The present study investigated the effect of ingested fluid composition on the experience of exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP). Forty subjects, susceptible to ETAP, completed 4 treadmill exercise trials: a no-fluid trial and flavored water (FW, no carbohydrate, osmolality = 48 mosmol/L, pH = 3.3), sports drink (SD, freshly mixed Gatorade, 6% total carbohydrate, 295 mosmol/L, pH = 3.3), and reconstituted fruit juice (FJ, BERRI trade mark orange, 10.4 % total carbohydrate, 489 mosmol/L, pH= 3.2) trials. Measures of the experience of ETAP and gastrointestinal disturbances, particularly bloating, were quantified. The FJ was significantly (p =.01) more provocative of both ETAP and bloating than all other trials. There was no difference among the no-fluid, FW, and SD in the severity of ETAP experienced, although the difference between the no-fluid and SD approached significance at the.05 level (p =.056). There was a significant relationship between both the mean (r = 0.40, p =.01) and peak (r= 0.44, p=.01) levels of ETAP and bloating. When the level of bloating was controlled for, the FJ remained significantly (p =.01) more provocative of ETAP than the other conditions, with no difference between the FW and SD (p =.37). The results indicate that in order to avoid ETAP, susceptible individuals should refrain from consuming reconstituted fruit juices and beverages similarly high in carbohydrate content and osmolality, shortly before and during exercise. Further, the mechanism responsible for the heightened experience of ETAP in the FJ trial extends beyond a gastric mass explanation.
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PMID:Effect of ingested fluid composition on exercise-related transient abdominal pain. 1511 93

This work documents an investigation into the effect of water on the density and microstructure of carbonate hydroxyapatite in carbon dioxide sintering atmospheres. Carbonate apatites with carbonate contents of between 3.2 and 7.8 wt % were precipitated and the precipitates were formed into dry gels. Isothermal and isochronal sintering experiments were performed under dry carbon dioxide and wet carbon dioxide (containing 3 wt % water) atmospheres. The effect of carbonate content was studied by using two gels both with a green density of 37% and with carbonate contents of 5.8 and 7.8 wt %. Both isothermal and isochronal experiments demonstrated that bloating of the apatite occurred and this behavior was associated with the loss of carbonate from the apatite. It was found that only in wet carbon dioxide atmospheres fully dense translucent carbonate apatite could be formed. 93% dense carbonate apatite was formed after 4 h sintering at temperatures as low as 700 degrees C.
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PMID:Effect of sintering parameters on the density and microstructure of carbonate hydroxyapatite. 1534 78

Carbohydrate intolerance to lactose is widely accepted as a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms, but controversy persists on how important dietary fructose intolerance (DFI) is in causing gastrointestinal pain and suffering and if an elimination diet can control the presenting complaints. The objective of this study was to identify a group of well-defined DFI patients and explore whether dietary education followed by dietary compliance could control symptoms and improve quality of life. During a 5-year period, patients referred to a pancreato-biliary clinic were evaluated for dietary carbohydrate intolerances if they presented with gastrointestinal pain and/or gas and/or bloating and/or diarrhea. Patients were tested with a standardized mixture of glucose, fructose, and lactose diluted in sterile water. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for hydrogen and methane measurement. Symptoms were scored using a 9-point symptom questionnaire. The patients underwent in-depth education by a dietician, and were provided with access to a cookbook, a newsletter, and a support group. A dietary questionnaire was used to evaluate compliance with the fructose-restricted diet. DFI can cause significant gastrointestinal symptoms that may not respond to medications or surgical interventions. Symptoms can improve and self-rated health does improve in DFI patients willing to adhere to a low fructose diet.
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PMID:Dietary fructose intolerance: diet modification can impact self-rated health and symptom control. 1562 40

Lubiprostone [RU 0211, SPI 0211] is a bicyclic fatty acid that acts as a chloride channel opener, increasing intestinal water secretion. Lubiprostone, an orally-administered formulation, is one of a series of functional fatty acid compounds discovered by Dr Ryuji Ueno, and is currently undergoing development for the treatment of constipation, constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and postoperative ileus with Sucampo Pharmaceutical's. Lubiprostone activates a specific chloride channel (CLC2) on cells lining the gut, thereby naturally increasing intestinal fluid secretion. The increased fluid level softens the stool, promotes spontaneous bowel movements, and reduces abdominal discomfort/pain and bloating. The chloride channel is a protein that controls cell membrane transport of chloride ion. Lubiprostone acts on the ClC-2 chloride channel, which is located in the apical intestinal membrane. In November 2004, Takeda Pharmaceuticals entered into a collaboration and licensing agreement for Lubiprostone with Sucampo Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic constipation and constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (c-IBS). Under the terms of the agreement, Takeda received the right to market the product in the US and Canada, while Sucampo reserved the co-promotion rights for these countries. Takeda's wholly-owned US subsidiary, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America Inc., will sell lubiprostone once the product is approved by the US FDA. Takeda will also receive an option for marketing rights in other territories, including Japan and Europe. Takeda and Sucampo agreed on the exclusive manufacturing and supply of Lubiprostone by R-Tech Ueno, Ltd, a member of the Sucampo Group. Sucampo has the potential to receive up to dollar US 210 million in initial and milestone payments, some of which are contingent upon the successful achievement of several milestones. Takeda will fund a major part of development costs not only for chronic constipation and c-IBS, but also for other indications in the gastroenterology field. Takeda will make royalty payments to Sucampo after the product is launched. In May 2005, Sucampo received dollar US 20 million from Takeda Pharmaceutical as payment for achieving a development milestone of initiating a phase III clinical trial of lubiprostone to treat patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Sucampo Pharmaceuticals submitted a new drug application (NDA) for lubiprostone to the FDA on 31 March 2005 for approval in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and associated symptoms in adults. Sucampo completed three long-term, open-label safety studies, which will support the NDA for lubiprostone, in treating constipation. Results from its second open-label safety study with lubiprostone were announced in February 2004, with the first two studies demonstrating long-term safety and sustained effectiveness in constipated subjects. In the US, the final phase III study for chronic constipation was completed in the fourth quarter of 2004. In November 2004, Sucampo announced completing a phase II safety and efficacy study of lubiprostone for the treatment of IBS-C. This study, which was initiated in April 2003, randomised 195 patients with documented IBS into four treatment groups (three doses of SPI 0211 and placebo) from 19 locations throughout the US.
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PMID:Lubiprostone: RU 0211, SPI 0211. 1599 86

Drospirenone is a novel progestogen that possesses antimineralocorticoid activity. This activity is seen clinically in its effects on physiological parameters, body weight, general well-being and fluid-related symptoms. Clinical studies with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Yasmin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) and a new continuous combined oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and 2 mg drospirenone (Angeliq, Schering AG) were all designed specifically to evaluate treatment effects on body weight and cardiovascular function, both of which can be influenced by aldosterone receptor antagonism. Weight gain during traditional oral contraceptive and HRT use has been one of the main reasons for poor compliance and discontinuation. Women receiving hormone therapy with 1 mg 17beta-estradiol/2 mg drospirenone had either no weight change or a small decrease, while those receiving estradiol alone tended to increase in weight. Mean body weight after 1 year of treatment with 1 mg 17beta-estradiol/2 mg drospirenone decreased by 1.2 kg (p < 0.001). Studies using different drospirenone doses in combination with estradiol indicate that the effect on body weight is dependent on the dose of drospirenone, and that this is due to drospirenone's antimineralocorticoid activity. These data are in agreement with previous studies that compared the changes in body weight in young women receiving for 13 or 26 cycles the oral contraceptives 30 microg ethinylestradiol/3 mg drospirenone or 30 microg ethinylestradiol/150 microg desogestrel (Marvelon, Organon International); 30 microg ethinylestradiol/3 mg drospirenone had a more favorable effect on body weight, with the mean body weight remaining lower than baseline for the majority of women. A variety of physical and emotional changes have been linked to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Fluid retention-related symptoms, such as breast tenderness, swelling, abdominal bloating and skin changes, may affect well-being and quality of life. Improvements in these cycle-dependent disorders, together with some psychological symptoms, such as fatigue and depressive mood, are well documented with the use of 30 microg ethinylestradiol/3 mg drospirenone. Therefore, the effects of hormone therapy with 1 mg 17beta-estradiol/2 mg drospirenone on quality of life were assessed in the Women's Health Questionnaire. Significant improvements were observed in quality of life during treatment with 1 mg 17beta-estradiol/2 mg drospirenone, which also resulted in higher mean scores than estradiol alone. Improvements were mainly seen in somatic symptoms, anxiety/fears and cognitive difficulties.1 mg 17beta-estradiol/2 mg drospirenone has unique antimineralocorticoid properties, which can be attributed to drospirenone. This combination prevents salt and water retention elicited by estrogens, and thereby prevents increases in blood pressure and maintains a stable body weight. Its additional beneficial impact on premenstrual symptomatology and health-related quality of life may improve well-being and clinical tolerance.
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PMID:Added benefits of drospirenone for compliance. 1620 53

In contrast to most expectations, we showed previously that dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate intestinal colonization and translocation of invasive Salmonella enteritidis in rats. Even before infection, FOS increased the cytotoxicity of fecal water, mucin excretion, and intestinal permeability. In the present study, we tested whether FOS has these effects in humans. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 2 x 2 wk, with a washout period of 2 wk, was performed with 34 healthy men. Each day, subjects consumed lemonade containing either 20 g FOS or placebo and the intestinal permeability marker chromium EDTA (CrEDTA). On the last 2 d of each supplement period, subjects scored their gastrointestinal complaints on a visual analog scale and collected feces and urine for 24 h. Fecal lactic acid was measured using a colorimetric enzymatic kit. The cytotoxicity of fecal water was determined with an in vitro bioassay, fecal mucins were quantified fluorimetrically, and intestinal permeability was determined by measuring urinary CrEDTA excretion. In agreement with our animal studies, FOS fermentation increased fecal wet weight, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and lactic acid. Consumption of FOS increased flatulence and intestinal bloating. In addition, FOS consumption doubled fecal mucin excretion, indicating mucosal irritation. However, FOS did not affect the cytotoxicity of fecal water and intestinal permeability. The FOS-induced increase in mucin excretion in our human study suggests mucosal irritation in humans, but the overall effects are more moderate than those in rats.
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PMID:Dietary fructooligosaccharides affect intestinal barrier function in healthy men. 1685 52

The geographical limitations of Singapore, its restricted natural resources and voluminous municipal and industrial waste streams, make environmental management a major challenge for the island state. In an attempt to find ways to reduce importation of raw materials and the waste sent to landfill, light weight aggregates were produced from marine clay and a CaF(2)-rich semiconductor industry sludge. Aggregates were produced in a bench-scale rotary kiln with three clay/sludge loadings (90/10, 70/30 and 50/50%). All three mixtures showed good bloating behavior during firing and the ceramic pellets (1-1.5cm diameter) had densities well below that required for light-weight aggregates. In the initial tests, the pore sizes of the aggregates were in general too large resulting in high water absorption. Comparisons between the composition of the two waste products and the aggregates showed a significant loss of fluorine (40-60%) during processing; a problem which may require flue gas treatment. Leach testing showed that the formed aggregates would not pose a human or environmental hazard in terms of fluorine mobilization.
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PMID:Recycling of an industrial sludge and marine clay as light-weight aggregates. 1637 Dec 43

A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the lactose intolerance symptoms of lactose maldigesters after consuming lactose (as milk, lactose dissolved in water, milk products, or commercial product) with responses after a placebo under masked conditions. An English language MEDLINE search was conducted using the medical subject heading of "lactose intolerance" from 1966 to January 2002. From an initial 1,553 citations, 2 independent reviewers selected 21 studies based on study design (randomized, crossover, blind) and use of an amount of lactose likely to be found in a meal (7-25 g) and a placebo among subjects free of gastrointestinal problems and >4 years old. Mean severity of symptom responses were analyzed as standardized differences, and the presence or absence of a symptom was estimated as pooled incidence differences (ID). For severity of flatulence, the standardized difference was 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16 to +0.52). The CIs for abdominal bloating and pain, degree of diarrhea, frequency of bowel movements per day, and frequency of diarrhea per day also included 0. For abdominal bloating, the ID was 5.9 more people per 100 with symptoms after lactose than placebo (CI -0.07 to +0.19). This same nonsignificant relationship was found for abdominal pain. The ID for diarrhea or loose stools was 0.15 (CI 0.03 to 0.28). Although the incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher, the size of the effect was very small. The results indicate that lactose is not a major cause of symptoms for lactose maldigesters following usual intakes of dairy foods, that is, 1 cup.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance symptoms assessed by meta-analysis: a grain of truth that leads to exaggeration. 1654 89

Research was conducted to determine the effects of level of supplementation with quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on in vitro ruminal fluid gas production, in vivo ruminal fluid protein fractions, bloat dynamics, and ADG of steers grazing winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted to 1) enumerate the effect of ruminal fluid from steers fed quebracho CT (0, 1, and 2% CT/kg of DMI) on in vitro gas and methane production from minced fresh wheat forage; and 2) quantify the influence of CT supplementation on ruminal protein characteristics, biofilm complexes, bloat potential, and ADG of steers grazing wheat pasture. Eighteen ruminally cannulated steers (386 +/- 36 kg of BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments that included a control (water infusion) and 2 CT treatment levels (1 or 2% CT/kg of DMI). Treatments were administered daily (63 d) through the rumen cannula as pre-mixes with warm water (approximately 30 degrees C). Rumen contents were collected 2 h postinfusion (at 1030 to 1130) on d 0, 20, 40, 50, and 60. Bloat was visually scored daily for 5 d each wk. In Exp. 1, supplementation of CT decreased the rate of in vitro gas production in a dose-dependent response. In Exp. 2, ADG increased (P < 0.04) at both levels of CT supplementation. Mean bloat score across stage of growth and replicates decreased linearly with increasing CT supplementation; bloat scores were greater (P < 0.001) for the vegetative than for the reproductive stage of plant growth. Biofilm production and rumen fluid protein fractions varied among CT treatments and stage of growth. Addition of CT reduced the severity of bloat, principally through reducing microbial activities, biofilm production, and ruminal gas production. Quebracho CT is potentially a value-added supplement that can decrease the impacts of frothy bloat and increase BW gains in stocker cattle-wheat systems.
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PMID:Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat. 1690 60


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