Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1291077 (bloating)
 1,674 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present conditions of development of the medical sciences the wide and varied use of pre- and postoperative antibiotherapy, to which is added the complex therapy carried out in the intensive-care unit, have changed the course of the dramatic postoperative peritonitis that at present do not develop any more according to the classical symptomatology. The key to success in these cases is the discovery as rapidly as possible of the moment when peritoneal infection has started to develop in view of applying the only correct treatment--reintervention. The present study makes an analysis of 32 cases and stresses the atypical evolution of postoperative peritonitis: contracture, pain, high fever and hyperleukocytosis cannot be considered any more as constant and certain signs. Meteorism and gastric stasis that is prolonged or that developes after 4-8 days following surgery are the most frequently encountered of the signs and are considered to be the most important. Exploratory laparotomy is the most correct attitude in dubious cases.
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PMID:[Atypical postoperative peritonitis]. 12 27

Patients with functional bowel disease commonly complain of abdominal pain, bloating, and excessive flatulence and eructation. Pain and bloating may be primarily caused by abnormal intestinal motility rather than by excessive intestinal gas. As yet there are no data available that prove excessive flatulence is actually caused by the presence of excessive intestinal gas. A study of the composition of intestinal gas provides insight into whether it is derived from swallowed air or from intraluminal metabolism. Therapy aims primarily at excluding the presence of organic disease as a cause and reassuring the patient that the disorder is functional in nature. Dietary manipulation, changing the habit of aerophagia, exercise, and pressure and heat applied to be abdominal area are all possibilities to be tried.
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PMID:Intestinal gas. 110 99

A washout technic with intestinal infusion of an inert gas mixture was used to study the relation of gas to functional abdominal symptoms. The volume of gas in the intestinal tract (176 plus or minus 28 ml S.E.M.) of 12 fasting patients with chronic complaints of excess gas did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.10) from that of 10 controls (199 plus or minus 31 ml). Similarly, there was no difference in the composition or accumulation rate of intestinal gas. However, more gas tended to reflux back into the stomach in patients who complained of abdominal pain during infusion of volumes of gas well tolerated by controls. Six patients with severe pain during the study had intestinal transit times of gas (40 plus or minus 6 minutes S.E.M.) that were significantly (P less than 0.05) longer than those of the control group (22 plus or minus 3 minutes). Thus, complaints of bloating, pain and gas may result from disordered intestinal motility in combination with an abnormal pain response to gut distention rather than from increased volumes of gas.
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PMID:The role of intestinal gas in functional abdominal pain. 115 77

Aiming at the establishment of the type and incidence of morphological and tonometric large intestine changes post cholecystectomy--64 patients were examined, 36 aged up to 50 and 28 over 50 by means of rectoromanoscopy, transrectoscopic biopsy, X-ray examination (passage and irigoscopy), balloon signography and anal tonometry. Morphological changes--catarrhal type (34.38%) were established to originate often in large intestine post cholecystectomy. Tonometric changes were observed in 56.25%. They are: hypertonic hypokinesia (45.32%) and hyperkinesia (10.93%). All patients with morphological changes are also and with tonometric disturbances. Ergo, 21.87% of the patients are with tonometric disturbances without pathomorphological changes. In the correlation of the morphological with tonometric changes, the catarrhal changes with hypertonic hypokinesia were established to be the most frequently met morbid combination and considerably more rarely--"catarrhal changes with hyperkinesia". Normotonia and normokinesia are most often found in cases with normal mucosa and considerably less rarely--hypertonic hypokinesia. The morphological as well as the tonometric changes are more frequent with age advancing of the patients and the growth of the time post cholecystectomy. Subjective complaints are reported from 56.25% of the patients. The most frequently met are feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, more rarely meteorism and rumble of the intestines and most rarely--pains along the large intestine. Objectively pain findings in the physical examination of abdomen and large intestines are established in 56.25% of the patients. Meteorism is most frequently established and relatively more rarely spastic large intestine and pain with its palpation (almost with equal frequency). Defecation is normal in 29.69% of the patients. The rest complain more often of diarrhea (45.32%) and more rarely of constipation (25%).
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PMID:[Changes in the large intestine after cholecystectomy]. 122 18

Octylonium bromide (OB) is a drug with spasmolytic properties acting selectively on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract by interfering with calcium mobilization from extra- and intra-cellular deposits. The etiopathogenetic implications of a psychosomatic nature of the irritable bowel syndrome amply justify the use of a spasmolytic (OB) with a benzodiazepine. In our study, we compared the combination OB + DZ (20 mg + 2 mg) T.I.D. versus OB alone (20 mg) in 30 patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The double-blind study lasting 3 weeks was aimed at evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms (bowel motions, aspect of faeces, abdominal pain, pre-evacuation pain, bloating) during the three days preceding the study and during the last five days of treatment, as well as the anxiogenic situation as assessed by the STAI scale (State Tract Anxiety Inventory) before and at the end of the treatment period. The results obtained showed that both treatments considerably reduced gastrointestinal symptoms even though OB alone did not appear to be equally effective and the anxiety component was significantly reduced only by treatment with the combination. The absence of side effects and the perfect tolerability of both treatments showed the OB + D combination T.I.D. to be the treatment of choice for patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:[Otilonium bromide-diazepam in the treatment of the irritable colon. A controlled study versus otilonium bromide]. 139 55

We investigated the effect of octylonium bromide on a number of symptoms and functional aspects of the irritable bowel syndrome. Seventy-two patients complaining mainly of abdominal pain were studied in a double-blind trial (octylonium bromide 40 mg tid for 4 weeks or placebo). Clinical parameters were: abdominal pain, bloating and bowel frequency. Sigmoid manometry with simultaneous recording of the thresholds for distension and/or pain upon graded inflation of an endoluminal balloon was performed before and at the end of treatment. In contrast to placebo, octylonium bromide significantly reduced pain and bloating, and significantly increased (p < 0.02) the pain threshold throughout the treatment period. However, comparison with the placebo group failed to show any relevant differences. Neither treatment influenced the frequency of bowel movement. Sigmoid motility during distension was significantly reduced after octylonium bromide (p < 0.05), but it did not change after placebo. In conclusion, octylonium bromide is capable of reducing symptoms and motor reactivity of the sigmoid in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Octylonium bromide in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical-functional study. 145 16

The most certain symptomatic manifestation of gallstones is episodic upper abdominal pain. Characteristically, this pain is severe and located in the epigastrium and/or the right upper quadrant. The onset is relatively abrupt and often awakens the patient from sleep. The pain is steady in intensity, may radiate to the upper back, be associated with nausea and lasts for hours to up to a day. Dyspeptic symptoms of indigestion, belching, bloating, abdominal discomfort, heartburn and specific food intolerance are common in persons with gallstones, but are probably unrelated to the stones themselves and frequently persist after surgery. Many, if not most, persons with gallstones have no history of pain attacks. Persons discovered to have gallstones in the absence of typical symptoms appear to have an annual incidence of biliary pain of 2-5% during the initial years of follow-up, with perhaps a declining rate thereafter. Gallstone-related complications occur at a rate of less than 1% annually. Those whose stones are symptomatic at discovery have a more severe course, with approximately 6-10% suffering recurrent symptoms each year and 2% biliary complications. The far higher rates of symptom development reported in a few studies raise the possibility that these incidence estimates may be too low. The best predictors of future biliary pain are a history of pain at the time of diagnosis, female gender and possibly obesity. The risk of acute cholecystitis appears to be greater in those with large solitary stones, that of biliary pancreatitis in those with multiple small stones, and that of gallbladder cancer in those with large stones of any number. Drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins may now be the treatment of choice in patients with gallstones who are suffering acute pain attacks. Persistent dyspeptic symptoms occur frequently following cholecystectomy. A prolonged history of such symptoms prior to surgery and evidence of significant psychological distress appear to be the best predictors of unsatisfactory outcome.
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PMID:Symptoms of gallstone disease. 148 6

Some constipated women have difficulty relaxing the striated muscles of the anal sphincters, sometimes called anismus. This study was developed to provide a biofeedback-based relaxation treatment to teach these patients to relax the "voluntary" anal sphincter muscle in order to assess whether this treatment would be effective in reducing symptomatology. Seven constipated patients who were unresponsive to a high-fiber diet and required persistent laxative dosing to achieve regular bowel frequency were studied. A dual-therapy approach, in which patients were taught to relax the anal sphincter muscles via biofeedback from a manometric anal sphincter probe, was used. Concurrently, patients were instructed in general biofeedback-relaxation techniques. All were treated as outpatients. Complete data were collected on five patients, one patient discontinued therapy, and one patient moved after treatment was completed. Stool frequency improved from a mean of 1.9 per week to a mean of 4.9 per week in six patients (P less than 0.05). In the five patients who completed the entire protocol, pain and bloating symptom levels were compared before and after treatment. Abdominal pain grade was reduced from 12.8 per week to a mean of 4.4 per week (P less than 0.05), and bloating was reduced from a mean of 14.3 per week to a mean of 6.0 per week (P less than 0.06). Follow-up of 2 to 4.5 years posttherapy showed continued improvement in bowel function and abdominal symptomatology. This treatment appears to be effective in improving stool frequency and in reducing the associated abdominal pain and bloating symptoms in constipated women with anismus.
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PMID:Anal sphincter biofeedback relaxation treatment for women with intractable constipation symptoms. 158 69

Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. Twenty-four patients who had hepatic resections for giant symptomatic hepatic hemangiomas during a six year period at a single institute were retrospectively reviewed to analyze indications for surgical treatment and evaluate operative mortality and morbidity. There were 18 women and six men varying in age from 41 to 69 years with an average age of 52.5 years. Moderate to severe pain, discomfort, feeling of fullness, bloating and sensation of an abdominal mass were the most commonly reported symptoms. Ten patients had moderate anemia and two had severe anemia. Tumors were visualized by ultrasonography in all patients and by computed tomography in 18. Angiography was performed in all patients with diagnostic confirmation of a benign hemangioma in all but one patient in whom an angiosarcoma was suspected. The resection was feasible in each patient: 20 minor hepatic resections (three wedge, 11 segmentectomies, six bisegmentectomies) and four right hepatic lobectomies were carried out. There were no surgical deaths. Two patients had postoperative complications: one patient had a pneumonia on the right side and one had wound infection. The benign nature of the tumors was confirmed in all. The lesions varied in size from 5.6 to 26 centimeters in diameter. Symptoms and hematologic disorders were relieved in all patients in the follow-up. The results of our experience confirm that resection for giant symptomatic hepatic hemangioma represents a safe radical curative procedure. Medical treatment is justified in smaller lesions or in asymptomatic patients.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of symptomatic giant hemangiomas of the liver. 159 24

The major aims of medical therapy in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are: a) to ameliorate symptoms (pain, bowel movement abnormalities, bloating) and b) to improve psychological problems of the patients. The first step of IBS therapy is the diet. In fact some forms of IBS can be ascribed to food intolerance. When abdominal pain, meteorism and constipation are the main symptoms, treatment with high-fiber diet, antispastic and antimuscarinic drugs is indicated. Sometimes amitriptyline, an antidepressant which also shows anticholinergic and analgesic properties, can be helpful. When diarrhoea is prevalent, the most effective drug is represented by loperamide. If diarrhoea is related to meal ingestion, antispastic or antimuscarinic drugs can be successfully used. In the case of diarrhoea related to documented cholorrhoea, cholestyramine can be of benefit. Furthermore, there are some resistant cases, secondary to striking psychological problems that require sedatives and antidepressant drugs and sometimes, psycho and/or hypnotherapy.
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PMID:Therapeutic strategy for the irritable bowel syndrome. 166 28


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