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Query: UMLS:C1291077 (bloating)
 1,674 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An interpretation of many of the classical signs of ruminal dysfunction is possible by extrapolation from the results of research in rumen physiology. Correlation of motility and ruminal fluid characteristics will often provide a means of establishing the degree, the duration and the differential diagnosis of the dysfunction detected. In the case of disorders of ruminal motility, general anaesthesia and diseases at any sites which produce pain or fever can inhibit the hindbrain reflex centres responsible for evoking primary and secondary cycle contractions of the reticulorumen. Simple indigestion/rumen impaction, vagus indigestion and hypocalcaemic milk fever cause ruminal stasis, probably because they relax the reticuloruminal smooth muscle and hence decrease the reflexly excitable sensory inputs from tension receptors. Grain engorgement/ruminal acidosis and extreme bloat are likely to excite other sensory receptors (epithelial receptors), which reflexly inhibit cyclical motility. Bloat occurs when eructation is inadequate either because the oesophagus is obstructed or because cardiac opening is reflexly inhibited by the presence of ruminal fluid rather than gas at the cardia in conditions of subnormal motility or of leguminous frothing.
Vet Rec 1983 Jul 02
PMID:Clinical diseases of the rumen: a physiologist's view. 687 96

The effect of offering forage supplements of different compositions was examined in two experiments with cows grazing high clover swards. In the first experiment strawmix supplements of high or low energy content (11 and 9 MJ metabolisable energy/kg dry matter [DM]) and high or low crude protein content (17 and 4 g/kg DM) were offered for periods of three weeks. The energy and protein contents were varied by the content of molasses and soyabean meal, respectively. The high energy, high protein supplement increased the incidence of bloat, and the low energy, high protein supplement reduced it, compared with grazing alone. Bloat was most evident in the first two weeks of each feeding period, suggesting that the cows partially adapted to the diets within three weeks. In the second experiment silage supplements reduced the incidence of bloat among cows grazing both tall and short swards. The most suitable forages to feed when there is a risk of bloat are those that are slowly fermented in the rumen but are eaten in sufficient quantity to reduce periods of rapid herbage intake.
Vet Rec 1996 Aug 17
PMID:Effect of forage supplements on the incidence of bloat in dairy cows grazing high clover pastures. 887 Feb 1

Situs inversus is a rare congenital anomaly wherein the normal, left-right organ location is inverted. The anatomical inversion (heterotaxy) is usually detected in routine radiography or other medical interventions. A 5-month-old Holstein heifer calf was identified as a suspected situs inversus totalis during abdominal surgery. Following surgery the calf did not gain weight. On admission to the Ontario Veterinary Hospital, it was given a routine clinical examination and a detailed cardiovascular, Doppler ultrasound examination, which appeared normal. Because of declining health and chronic bloating in the heifer, euthanasia was performed. A detailed post-mortem dissection was carried out. No heart or lung anomalies were detected. Other thoracic organs were normal, except for a helical coil of the esophagus as it traversed the diaphragm. The rumen was located entirely on the right side of the abdomen and had a large area of adhesion to the parietal peritoneal wall. The left kidney was abnormally placed: retroperitoneal and cranial to the right. There were two spleens. The caudal vena cava was distended and twisted to the left. Thus the calf was situs inversus abdominalis. This suggests that the development of laterality in the early embryo may include both timing and positional regulation.
Anat Rec 2002 May 01
PMID:Abdominal situs inversus in a Holstein calf. 1198 91