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Query: UMLS:C1275122 (TEM)
 21,810 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were evaluated by their responses to phytohemmagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavallin A (con-A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), both before and after treatment with an antiserum against human thymic lymphocyte antigens (HTLA) that had been made T-cell-specific by multiple absorptions with immunoglobulin EAC-positive lymphoblast cell lines (B cells). Cells treated with HTLA were examined for their ability to react in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and to form killer cells in a cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) system. Sensitized cells were also examined for their ability to respond to purified protein derivative (PPD) by blastogenesis, migration inhibitory factor release (MIP), and lymphotoxin (LT) production, both before and after treatment with HTLA and complement. The HTLA was in itself highly stimulatory to PBL. However, with the addition of complement and subsequent cell destruction, a marked decrease in its stimulatory response was noted. PBL treated with HTLA and complement exhibited marked inhibition of responsiveness to con-A with little decrease in PHA-P -OR PWM stimulation except at very high concentration of HTLA. MLC reaction was inhibited only when responder cells were treated with HTLA + C'. Treatment of stimulator cells with HTLA + C' did not significantly alter the MLC response. The HTLA + C'-treated cells failed to form killer cells in the CML reaction and inhibited PPD-induced blasto-genesis from PPD-sensitized individuals; however, treatment of sensitized cells with HTLA + C' had little effects on the release of MIF and LT. It is suggested that subpopulations of T-cells carry surface antigens that bind with this specific antisera, and that the con-A-responsive cells, the responder cells in the MLC, and killer T-cells comprise a separate subset from cells responding to PHA-P or PWM, OR THE MIF-and LT-producing cells.
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PMID:Human T-cell heterogeneity as delineated with a specific human thymus lymphocyte antiserum. In vitro effects on mitogen response mixed leukocyte culture, cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, and lymphokine production. 109 57

The ability of C fragments to induce IL-1 production in human monocytes was examined by using various approaches to carefully exclude the role of contaminating endotoxin. The presence of IL-1 activity in monocyte supernatants and lysates was assayed by the augmentation of PHA-induced proliferation of murine thymocytes. SRBC were opsonized with IgM rabbit antibodies and various human C components to prepare EAC reagents that contained less than 25 pg LPS/ml of EAC at 5 x 10(8) cells/ml. EAC1q, EAC4b, EAC4b2aoxy, EAC4b2aoxy C3b, EAC4b2aoxyC3bi, and EAC4b2aoxyC3d all failed to induce IL-1 production when incubated at 10- to 100-fold excess with adherent human monocytes. Similarly, LPS-free purified C3a, C5a, and C5a des Arg all showed no IL-1-inducing activities at concentrations up to 25 micrograms/ml. However, the same C5a preparations were active on human monocytes in the induction of chemotaxis, and C3a and C5a both induced skin-blueing in guinea pigs. Fragment Ba and Bb preparations purified by gel filtration chromatography contained approximately 100 pg LPS/micrograms Ba or Bb. These Ba and Bb preparations at 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively, induced IL-1 production in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml polymyxin B (PMB). However, Ba and Bb preparations purified by affinity chromatography and HPLC contained lower levels of endotoxin contamination and displayed IL-1-inducing activities at Ba and Bb concentrations of 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, that were almost completely inhibited by PMB. To explore further the role of contaminating endotoxin, a Bb preparation was adsorbed with PMB-4B in the presence of a dialyzable detergent to remove LPS bound to the Bb. This LPS-free Bb preparation failed to induce IL-1 production while maintaining intact enzymatic activities. These results indicate that various solid phase or soluble C fragments, including C3b, iC3b, C3d, C3a, C5a, Ba or Bb do not induce IL-1 production in human monocytes in the absence of contaminating endotoxin.
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PMID:Absence of induction of IL-1 production in human monocytes by complement fragments. 278 23

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) and lymphocytes from healthy persons were incubated in varying concentrations of erythromycin and RU 28965, a new macrolide antibiotic. Incubation in erythromycin - even in high dilutions - caused a significant increase in the percentage of PMNs bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma R) and for C3b (C3bR) as measured by rosette formation with EA (erythrocyte-antibody) and EAC (erythrocyte-antibody-complement) indicator cells. This effect could not be removed by extended washing of the cells. Incubation in RU 28965 had a similar effect, except for a decrease in EA and EAC rosetting cells at high concentrations (200 mg/l). Phagocytosis, as measured by chemiluminescence, and random migration of PMNs were unaffected by erythromycin. Chemotaxis under agarose was decreased after incubation in erythromycin or RU 28965. Erythromycin incubation increased the percentage of lymphocytes bearing receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E), but had no effect on the proportion of lymphocytes rosetting with EA or EAC, or on lymphocyte responses to mitogens PHA, conA, or PWM.
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PMID:Effects of two macrolide antibiotics on human leukocyte membrane receptors and functions. 339 77

Eight symptomatic individuals chronically exposed to indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) at low concentrations (0.07-0.55 ppm) were compared to 8 nonexposed subjects with respect to: (1) presence of IgG and IgE antibodies to HCHO conjugated to human serum albumin (F-HSA); (2) the percentage of venous blood T and B cells by E and EAC-rosetting; and (3) the ability of T and B cells to undergo mitogen (PHA, PWM) stimulated blastogenesis as measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Anti-F-HSA IgG, but no IgE, antibodies were detected in the sera of the 8 exposed subjects; none were found in 7 of the unexposed controls. T lymphocytes were decreased in the exposed (48 +/- 11.5%) compared to the control (65.9 +/- 4.97%) subjects (p greater than .001 less than .01). B cells were 12.6 +/- 1.6% (HCHO group) and 14.75 +/- 2.1% (controls) (p greater than .02 less than .05). The incorporation of labeled thymidine by T cells (PHA) was decreased: 17,882 +/- 2,293 cpm (HCHO group) and 28,576 +/- 3,807 cpm (p greater than .001 less than .01). T and B cell blastogenesis (PWM) was 9,698 +/- 1,441 cpm (HCHO group) and 11,279 +/- 1,711 (controls) (p greater than .05 less than .1). Exposure to HCHO appears to stimulate IgG antibodies to F-HSA and decrease the proportion of peripheral T cells.
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PMID:Evidence for formaldehyde antibodies and altered cellular immunity in subjects exposed to formaldehyde in mobile homes. 343 11

Fourteen clinical, pathologic, and pretreatment bioimmunologic variables were evaluated for their significance in predicting the survival or the length of disease-free interval of 55 patients with primary breast cancer. The variables studied were: patient age; clinical stage of disease according to the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification; number of involved nodes; sedimentation rate; peripheral lymphocyte, leucocyte, and monocyte counts; serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM; percentages of E-, "active" E-, and EAC-rosettes; and finally, the lymphoblastic transformation test value (PHA-LTT). A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model was carried out, in a stepwise manner, to identify those variables most highly related to survival or to the length of disease-free interval. The Cox analysis showed that clinical stage, number of involved nodes, percentage of EAC-rosettes, sedimentation rate, and T-lymphocyte reactivity, (i.e., the T-lymphocyte sensitivity to PHA, expressed as the ratio between the PHA-LTT in counts per minute and the percentage of E-rosettes) were the significant prognostic factors for survival, whereas the number of involved nodes and the sedimentation rate were independent of importance in predicting the length of disease-free interval. The results obtained from this analysis proved the importance of some immunologic parameters in the estimation of prognosis. In addition, a prognostic score for summarizing multiple factors with potential use in stratification was derived from the multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Competitive prognostic value of clinicopathologic and bioimmunologic factors in primary breast cancer. 348 57

We examined and evaluated the immunologic status of 15 patients suffering from neoplastic, not ematologic, diseases, who underwent external beam radiation therapy. We determined the total lymphocyte count, the percentage of E and EAC rosettes, surface membrane immunoglobulins, the lymphocyte reactivity to PWM and PHA, and T-lymphocyte subpopulations by means of monoclonal antibodies (OKT3-OKT4-OKT8). Besides we evaluated the percentage of LEU7 and OKM1 cells and lymphocytes response to MLR. Blastogenesis tests (PHA and MLR), after 18 months, were performed with and without monocytes. We found out that the amount of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, which was extremely variable during and after radiotherapy, gradually returned to initial value. After 30 months, the functional impairment seems to be almost completely recovered. At 18 months from the beginning of radiation treatment, the mixed lymphocyte reaction was normal. The presence of monocytes doesn't change either MLR or PHA responses. LEU7+ cells are normal, while OKM1+ cells increased.
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PMID:The evaluation of effect of radiotherapy on T and B lymphocytes with standard methods and monoclonal antibodies: results at 30 months. 349 92

Near-UV irradiation (280-365 nm) at non-lethal doses increased lymphocyte E and EAC rosette-forming capacity, reduced cell proliferation in response to mitogen (PHA), induced an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products in the cell culture medium. An antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol, 10(-7) M) administered before or immediately after near UV irradiation of lymphocytes reduced the above effects. The addition of an antioxidant to the culture medium 90 min after cell irradiation failed to reduce lymphocyte rosette-forming capacity. Near-UV irradiation of the blood reduced cell proliferative response to PHA. alpha-tocopherol (10(-7) M) administered before and immediately after the blood photomodification blocked the suppression of cell proliferation in response to mitogen.
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PMID:[Photomodification of human immunocompetent blood cells]. 349 27

There is ever increasing evidence that immune disturbances can play an essential role in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. However, there are still a great many controversial opinions and complex studies in this domain are few. Tests of lymphocyte blastic transformation and of leukocyte migration inhibition as well as E and EAC rosette tests were performed and the serum level of A, G and M immunoglobulins and complement were estimated in 13 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The increase of serum IgA, IgG and IgM and the decrease of early and delayed E rosette formation was observed in the patients as compared with the control group. The patients also presented increase spontaneous and PHA induced lymphocyte blastic transformation. The results support the hypothesis of the role played by immune disturbances in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in progressive systemic sclerosis. 350 Nov 50

The blood lymphocyte population was examined in 34 patients who were treated with 131I for toxic or atoxic nodular goiter. The patients received one to three doses of 300-550 MBq of 131I administered at 1 week intervals. Lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced both 1 and 6 weeks after treatment. This reduction was accompanied by a changed composition of the lymphocyte population. The frequency of lymphocytes expressing membrane receptors for C'3 (EAC-rosette forming) was significantly reduced 1 and 6 weeks after 131I-administration. At 6 weeks there was a slight but statistically significant increase of the frequency of T-cells as identified by Leu 1 monoclonal antibodies. This was largely caused by an increased proportion of helper/induced T-cells as identified by Leu 3a monoclonals. 131I-treatment also reduced the capacity of lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulins (Ig) upon PWM-stimulation. The most pronounced effect was observed for IgM. Secretion of IgG and IgA were less reduced. Mitogenic stimulations of lymphocytes with PHA and ConA were not significantly changed. We conclude that these changes observed, with the exception of mitogen reactivity, are essentially similar to those occurring after external radiation therapy for cancer. We speculate that blood lymphocytes passing through the continuously irradiated gland are damaged mainly by emitted beta-particles.
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PMID:Changes of the blood lymphocyte population following 131I treatment for nodular goiter. 381 87

The immune competence of 169 patients with solid malignant tumours was assessed before initiation of radiotherapy or chemotherapy and followed during the course of the disease. The data of years 1974-1984 were collected and subjected to an analysis in order to evaluate their prognostic significance. The number of leucocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, the percentage or absolute number of E-rosette forming cells or EAC-rosette forming cells or serum immunoglobulin levels did not show any association with the prognosis. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA, Con A and PPD as studied before initiation of the treatment did not correlate with recurrence or final prognosis of the disease, except that the responses to PPD were slightly lower in patients with recurrence of gynaecological cancer, melanoma or gastrointestinal cancer than in their respective control patients. In the values observed after the first treatment course a low response to PPD was associated with poor prognosis in patients with melanoma or gastrointestinal cancer. At the time of recurrent disease the PPD response showed an association with a poor final outcome in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. Of the responses assessed less than 3 months before death due to cancer, only in patients with breast cancer were low Con A responses seen; in all patient groups the PHA responses decreased in the terminal patients. The results do not support the idea that the methods currently available should be routinely used in the follow-up of cancer patients; rather, they indicate the need to seek new methods for this purpose.
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PMID:Immune functions and the prognosis of patients with solid tumours. 385 92


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