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Query: UMLS:C1275122 (TEM)
 21,810 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacillus subtilis has been considered a promising host for the production of foreign proteins. However, proteases released by the host organism can often cause rapid breakdown of secreted heterologous proteins. Here we report that the addition of 6% glucose and 100 mM potassium phosphate to the growth medium significantly reduces the degradation of E. coli TEM beta-lactamase secreted from B. subtilis, when applying an expression system based on B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. The yield of beta-lactamase was increased 10-20-fold when compared to the yield in Luria medium. The promoter of B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene is repressed by glucose. However, here we show that the repression does not take place in a multicopy plasmid, thus enabling our approach to efficiently reduce the protease action by catabolite repression. We have also studied the role of pH and temperature on the beta-lactamase production in laboratory scale bioreactors. Low temperature and low pH are both favorable for a high level beta-lactamase production by the high copy plasmid construction.
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PMID:Improving the production of E. coli beta-lactamase in Bacillus subtilis: the effect of glucose, pH and temperature on the production level. 136 53

Post-meal energy expenditure (TEM) was compared for 14 healthy obese (body fat = 45.3%, body mass index, BMI = 35.9 kg m-2) and 9 healthy nonobese (body fat = 20.7%, BMI = 17.8 kg m-2) adolescent girls. The test meal for both groups was a standard 3348.8-kJ, 0.473-1 chocolate milkshake of 15% protein (casein), 40% fat (polyunsaturated/saturated ratio = 0.05; 75 mg cholesterol) and 45% carbohydrate (lactose and sucrose). Glucose, insulin and resting energy expenditure (RMR) were measured at rest prior to meal consumption and 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal. Cumulative net TEM was calculated as the integrated area under the TEM curve with RMR as baseline. Reliability was assessed by retesting 4 subjects, and a placebo effect was tested by administering a flavored energy-free drink. Results indicated high reliability and no placebo effect. The meal resulted in a greater rise in insulin and glucose for the obese compared to the nonobese subjects (P < or = 0.05), and a significant TEM for both groups (P < or = 0.05). The cumulative TEM (W kg-1) was 61.9% greater for the nonobese (P < 0.01) when expressed relative to body mass, and 33.2% greater for the nonobese (P < or = 0.01) when expressed relative to the fat-free body mass. Expressed relative to the meal, the TEM was 25.5% less for the obese (P < 0.01). The data support an energy conservation hypothesis for obese female adolescents.
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PMID:Reduced short-term thermic effects of a meal in obese adolescent girls. 148 42

The study has been aimed at comparison of the number of peripheral blood mononuclear white cells in the E. SRBC, EA, EAC, SIg markers in patients with insulin dependent (type 1) and non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes and healthy donors. There was no marked difference in the numbers of surface markers E SRBC and SIg among the 3 groups. Significant increase in the number of cells with markers: FcIg and C3 fragment of complement was noted in patients with diabetes type 1 and type 2. No relation between the number of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and the blood glucose level was observed.
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PMID:[Effect of metabolically uncompensated diabetes mellitus on mononuclear cell populations in peripheral blood]. 152 56

Two studies dealing with the contribution of the genotype in individual differences for resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of a 4.2 MJ carbohydrate meal (TEM), and energy cost of submaximal exercise are reported. The genetic effect for RMR and TEM was studied in 31 pairs of parent-child, 21 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 37 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, whereas the heritability of the energy cost of submaximal exercise was determined from data on 22 pairs of DZ twins and 31 pairs of MZ twins. The heritability of RMR reached approximately 40% of the variance remaining after adjustment for age, gender, and fat-free mass, (FFM). The genetic effect for TEM was equivalent to at least 40% to 50% of the variation in the energy expended during four hours after the meal test. A highly significant genetic effect was found for fasting plasma glucose (greater than .72), but the results for fasting plasma insulin are unclear. No significant genetic variance was seen for the glucose and insulin response to the carbohydrate meal. Finally, heritability for the metabolic rate during cycle exercise was high (greater than or equal to .46) at low power output, but it became nonsignificant when the energy cost reached about 6 times the RMR.
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PMID:Genetic effect in resting and exercise metabolic rates. 265 22

Attachment, an energy-independent step, of sensitized sheep erythrocytes EA and EAC to Fc and C3b receptors, respectively, on granulocytes and monocytes from poorly controlled diabetic patients was investigated. The results show similar percentages of EA and EAC rosette-forming cells for normal and diabetic human neutrophils. The expression of Fc receptors on normal and diabetic monocytes were also similar in that the former contained 74.5 +/- 9.3% and the latter contained 66.0 +/- 9.4% rosette-forming cells. However, a significantly lower percentage (48.3 +/- 15.2%) of EAC rosette positive cells was found in diabetic monocytes as compared to that (68.1 +/- 8.2%) found in normal controls (p less than 0.001). Incubation of diabetic monocytes with insulin or serum obtained from normal individuals one hour prior to assay corrected the impaired expression of C3b receptors in diabetic monocytes. In addition, we also found that diabetic serum itself is noxious to C3b receptor expression by normal human monocytes and that high concentrations of glucose play no apparent role in the regulation of the receptor function.
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PMID:Fc and C3b receptor expression of phagocytes in poorly controlled diabetic patients. 295 59

As a pilot trial, a semen sample was diluted with a glucose-citrate-egg yolk diluent and frozen in 0.5 ml PVC paillettes in liquid nitrogen vapor. Motility and acrosome integrity of the sample were evaluated before and after freezing, and longevity was monitored up to 6 h postthaw. Acrosome integrity was assessed by comparing Spermac-stained thin smears with TEM. Acrosome damage was found to be progressive, and four main types of acrosome state were identified and illustrated.
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PMID:Ultrastructural changes in the acrosome of human sperm during freezing and thawing: a pilot trial. 382 89

Sporozoites of Eimeria tenella were incubated for 10, 20, or 30 min with parasite-specific monoclonal IgG antibody 3D3II from mice and then rinsed in a Tris-buffered glucose saline solution (TBGS). Some sporozoites were then incubated for 10, 20, or 30 min with ferritin- or colloidal gold-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody and then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and prepared for transmission (TEM) or scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Other sporozoites that had been previously exposed to monoclonal antibody were prefixed with 0.25% glutaraldehyde, incubated with ferritin- or colloidal gold-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody and then fixed and prepared for TEM or SEM. Control preparations consisted of sporozoites exposed only to TBGS, monoclonal antibody 3D3II or to ferritin- or colloidal gold-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody. Capping of immune complexes occurred only on the surface of those sporozoites exposed to monoclonal antibody 3D3II followed by ferritin- or gold-conjugated antibody. Immune complexes moved laterally and posteriorly on the outer surface of the parasite plasma membrane to form a cap at the posterior end of the sporozoite. Capping did not occur in TBGS controls nor in sporozoites treated with monoclonal antibody 3D3II and prefixed in 0.25% glutaraldehyde before exposure to ferritin- or gold-conjugated antibody. Thus, capping of surface antigens did not occur in the presence of monoclonal 3D3II antibody only, whereas specimens exposed to both monoclonal and ferritin- or colloidal gold-conjugated antibodies were able to cap immune complexes.
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PMID:Capping of immune complexes by sporozoites of Eimeria tenella. 398 46

Cell respiration (CR) and glycolysis (GL) are the main sources cell energy, since along their metabolic pathways ATP is produced. Expressed as microM/100 mg/h, normal cells produce 63 by CR, 0.2 by aerobic GL, and 9.37 by anaerobic GL, while cancer cells produce 35 by CR, 18 by aerobic GL, and 29 by anaerobic GL. The ascites fluid from EAC increases the anaerobic GL to 38, while it does not change the aerobic GL to 7 and diminishes the CR to 26. Insulin produces a lowering of CR to 26, aerobic GL to 26 and anaerobic GL to 22. Glucose inhibits CR and stimulates GL. Ribose does not modify CR and inhibits GL. Mannose inhibits both CR and GL. Ribonuclease increases GL in the presence of glucose but not of ribose. Glucose-phosphate and ribose-phosphate have no action because they do not enter into the cell. Expressed as QLN2/100 mg, the main localization of GL is the cytosol (480), but it is significant in the nucleus (170), and diminishes in microsomes (100) and mitochondria (52). Mitochondria inhibit the cytosol glycolytic activity when they are either in the usual proportion they have in the cell or in a higher proportion. It is curious the observation that a diminution of the relative concentration of mitochondria with regard to cytosol (1/100 to 1/1000) produces a marked increase of GL. The addition of nuclear fraction stabilizes the cytosol-mitochondria complex and modifies the metabolic pathway of the CO2 that is produced during the GL.
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PMID:[Energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells]. 640 Jun 22

The surface structure of the hydrocarbon-utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM respectively). The sample preparation technique was based on a rapid cryofixation without any addition of cryoprotectants. In subsequently freeze-dried samples the surface structure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Thin sections were prepared from freeze substituted samples. Both techniques revealed hair-like structures at the surface of hydrocarbon-grown cells. The hairy surface structure of the cells was less expressed in glucose-grown cells and it was absent completely after proteolytic digestion of the cells. When cells were incubated with hexadecane prior to cryofixation a contrast-rich region occurred in the hair fringe of thin sections as revealed by TEM. Since these structures were characteristic for hexadecane-grown cells and could not be detected in glucose-grown or protease-treated cells it was concluded that they originate from hexadecane adhering to the cell surface and are functionally related to hexadecane transport. The structure of the surface and its relation to hydrocarbon transport are discussed in view of earlier results on the chemical composition of the surface layer of the cell wall.
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PMID:Structure of the cell surface of the yeast Candida tropicalis and its relation to hydrocarbon transport. 647 32

The respiratory effects of low levels of SO2 alone or associated with NO or NO2 were studied in rats exposed for periods of one day to thirteen weeks. Control rats were exposed to ambient air. Both control and treated rats appeared similarly active and grew uniformly. Erythrocytic variables (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell counts, 2,3-DPG, glucose, lactate, methemoglobin) and oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves were determined at different times throughout exposure to the gaseous mixture. Blood variables of the exposed rats were not significantly different from those of controls, and hemoglobin affinity was not modified. Bronchiolar and tracheal epithelia were studied by scanning (TEM) to detect a possible loss of cilia. The alveolar walls were investigated by Light Microscopy and TEM after each period of exposure. No striking changes were observed in rat lung structures under Light Microscopy or TEM. Bronchiolar and tracheal epithelia were normally ciliated. No synergistic effects were produced by either SO2 + NO or SO2 + NO2.
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PMID:Effects of low-concentration NOxSO2 gas mixtures on lung structure and blood-oxygen affinity in rats. 744 Nov 22


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