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 21,810 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus were evaluated prior to irradiation and thymosin fraction 5 therapy. Immunity prior to treatment, as measured by total lymphocyte count, E and EAC rosettes, lymphocyte stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) with allogeneic cells, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and quantitative serum immunoglobulins, was comparable and normal in the 40 control patients and in the 15 thymosin-treated patients. After irradiation, significant depression (P less than 0.01) was demonstrated in cellular immunity in both groups of patients with decreased T- and B-cell numbers and depressed phytohemagglutinin and MLC stimulation. Six months after irradiation, our preliminary results suggest that the thymosin-treated patients may be reversing their immunosuppression by a return of MLC function and positivity of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests. The ultimate effect of thymosin on disease control and survival remains uncertain.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Nov
PMID:Effect of thymosin and irradiation on immune modulation in head and neck and esophageal cancer patients. 72 96

Cells from spleens and lymph nodes infiltrated with neoplastic well-differentiated lymphocytes (WDLT) were investigated for the presence of receptors for unsensitized sheep red blood cells, complement (IgM EAC), and antigen-antibody complexes, as well as for the presence of surface immunoglobulins. In addition, the cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface markers and ultrastructure of WDLT cells were compared with those of cells obtained from peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Like the CLL populations, most WDLT samples showed a low percentage of unsensitized sheep red blood cell-binding cells and a concomitantly high percentage of IgM EAC-binding cells. Furthermore, a substantial number of WDLT cells in several instances showed a lower binding affinity for IgM EAC than normal lymphocytes, as demonstrated by the poor attachment of the IgM EAC reagent to the WDLT cells in suspension and to frozen tissue sections. Weak IgM EAC binding capacity was demonstrated in the CLL cells as well. WDLT and CLL cells bound the IgG EA complex only when certain sensitive techniques were applied (pelleting). A variable percentage of cells with surface immunoglobulins was found among WDLT and DLL populations. However, accurate counting of surface immunoglobulin-bearing neoplastic cells was very difficult in most cases due to the extremely faint surface fluorescence as compared to normal. SEM did not reveal specific changes in WDLT or CLL cells that would permit their identification as neoplastic lymphocytes. No major differences were found between WDLT and CLL cells and no correlation could be established between SEM appearances and surface markers. As previously observed with other cell populations, the conditions under which the cells were manipulated before fixation (in particular the environmental temperature) seemed to play a major role in the final SEM appearance of both WDLT and CLL cells. The results of our studies indicate that WDLT cells represent a population of B-cells whose surface properties are very similar to those of circulating CLL cells. The poor capacity of WDLT cells and CLL cells to bind IGM EAC or to stain with fluorescein-conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin suggests low density or poor affinity of the surface receptors. In this regard, these neoplastic cells are different from those of follicular lymphomas, also of B-cell origin.
Cancer Res 1976 May
PMID:Similarities of surface characteristics of neoplastic well-differentiated lymphocytes from solid tissues and from peripheral blood. 77 29

The patients registered in the first two years of the Scottish Dermatological Society's Malignant Lymphoid Neoplasm Register are described. Criteria for inclusion in the Register and laboratory tests carried out in the staging of these patients is listed. Significant abnormalities detected to date include low levels of circulating E and EAC rosette forming cells and an elevated IgE level in a proportion of patients. It is hoped that continued monitoring of these patient will clarify the relationship of these abnormalities to the natural progression of the disease.
Bull Cancer 1977
PMID:Evaluation and staging in the Scottish Dermatological Society mycosis fungoides register. 91 31

There has been increasing interest regarding the use of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) with other modalities in the management of primary cancer. Due to the paucity of specific information available relative to CP toxicity, a Phase I study was carried out in patients with advanced disease. The purpose of the investigation was not to evaluate the effect of CP on tumor growth. from 273 injections of CP in 40 patients it was observed that following intravenous (i.v.) infusion of CP: a) a febrile response and chills of considerable severity occured in almost all patients and did not appreciably diminish in intensity following repetitive administrations; b) nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion were not infrequent; c) a "flu-like" syndrome lasting 24 to 48 hours occurred following almost all courses of CP; d) blood pressure elevations occurred on occasion and were related to the severity of other-side-effects; hyper- or hypo- tension was not a problem; e) ther were no anaphalactic reactions. Pretreatment with a single administration of 100 mg of hydrocortisone prior to CP infusion markedly and in some instances dramatically diminished the toxicity and made acceptable the use of i.v. CP on an outpatient basis. The use of i.v. CP in patients with cerebral metasteses may be hazardous. Subcutaneously administered CP resulted in a significant number of undesirable local reactions. Evaluation of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response, immunoglobulins, complement, and E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells during CP administration failed to demonstrate significant change from injection values. Results were similar whether hydrocortisone pretreatment was or was not employed. From the standpoint of toxicity it now seems appropriate to use i.v. CP, particularly following pretreatment with hydrocortisone, in a controlled clinical trial to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in the management of primary cancer.
Cancer 1976 Jul
PMID:Observations following Corynebacterium parvum administration to patients with advanced malignancy. a phase I study. 94 9

We have studied peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, defined in terms of their E and EAC' rosette-forming capacity in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and controls. Total lymphocyte counts were reduced in patients compared to controls (p less than 0.005), and correlated with clinical stage and disease status. Presenting patients with Stage D tumours had the lowest levels, while patients in remission for at least 18 months had total lymphocyte counts similar to those of controls. Absolute numbers of both E and EAC' rosette-forming cells (RFC) were reduced, compared to controls, in tumour-bearing patients (p less than 0.0005 for both E and EAC' RFC) and also, to a lesser extent, in patients in remission (p less than 0.025 and less than 0.05 for E and EAC' RFC respectively). In the case of E RFC a significant reduction was present even when patients in remission for over 18 months were considered alone (p less than 0.05). Non-RFC were present in similar numbers in patients and controls, so that the reduction in total lymphocyte count can be accounted for entirely by the reduced numbers of RFC. As anticipated by this, percentages of RFC were also reduced in patients compared to controls, EAC' RFC to a lesser extent than E RFC. Non-RFC percentages were correspondingly increased. Tumour-bearing patients had significantly impaired PHA responses and cutaneous reactivity, which correlated significantly with very low levels of RFC. One possible explanation for these results is that immunoreactive lymphocytes are sequestered within the tumour. This is consistent with the immunosuppression observed in tumour-bearing patients, and would also result in difficulty in detecting even a powerful tumour-specific immune reaction by means of an assay dependent upon the participation of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Int J Cancer 1976 Oct 15
PMID:Immunosuppression in Burkitt's lymphoma. II. Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations related to clinical status. 97 86

The neoplastic cells from seven patients with childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma were studied for cell surface markers and surface morphology in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cells were studied for surface immunoglobulin (Slg), complement receptors (EAC), receptors for cytophilic antibody (IgGEA), and nonimmune rosette formation with sheep red blood cells (E). In one patient the cells exclusively bound E, suggesting a T-lymphocytic origin. In two patients the cells bound EAC, but demonstrated no other B-lymphocytic markers. In two patients no markers were detected, and in two patients receptors for both E and EAC were demonstrated. Additional studies in one of these patients permitted simultaneous demonstration of both markers on the same neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells were also examined by SEM after fixation and critical point dehydration. No consistent surface morphology was observed. In four patients the cells were predominately smooth, whereas in two patients variable numbers of surface microvilli were present. A correlation of the surface features with membrane markers could not be established. A comparison of the surface markers with clinical and cytologic features revealed clinical homogeneity in spite of the heterogeneous immunologic markers. This heterogeneity was most likely a reflection of neoplastic alteration and disordered differentiation of the cells. The observation of complement receptors on the cells of four cases is a feature not previously reported in this disease and should be investigated in other presumed T-cell malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Heterogeneity of immunologic markers and surface morphology in childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma. 98 42

In parallel studies the effects of FHL1 and PNL on plated melanoma cells from cell lines and short-term cultures were compared. FHL showed more frequent and also stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than PNL. On melanoma target cells from cell lines both FHL and PNL showed more frequent and stronger cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than on melanoma target cells from short-term cultures. In the individual donors the percentage of monocytes and EAC-rosette-forming cells in FHL was significantly higher than in PNL. A significant correlation was found between multiplication of the melanoma target cells during the period and an increased susceptibility towards lymphocytes from healthy donors. Melanoma target cells from cell lines were not more fragile, or more susceptible to unfavourable culture conditions than cells from short-term cultures, since non-lymphocytic "effector" cells showed much weaker cytotoxic and/or growth-inhibiting effects than lymphocytes from healthy donors. Cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors were also registered on target cells from a mammary carcinoma and an osteosarcoma cell line. No significant differences in the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donor were observed when tested on mycoplasma-contaminated melanoma cells and the same cells made mycoplasma-free. Mitomycin-C-treated lymphocytes retained their cytotoxic effects. Lymphocytes from a healthy donor tested on different occasions on the same melanoma cells from a short-term culture showed an incidental cytotoxic reaction.
Int J Cancer 1975 Mar 15
PMID:The influence of different isolation procedures and the use of target cells from melanoma cell lines and short-term cultures on the non-specific cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes from healthy donors. 105 13

Normal mature macrophages and granulocytes have surface membrane receptors for specific immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin complement, which can be detected by rosette formation with erythrocytes coated with antibody (EA) or with antibody and complement (EAC). There are three types of myeloid leukemia cells, IR-+D-+, IR-+D-minus and IR-minus D-minus. IR-+D-+ cells were induced to form receptors for EAC but not- for EA by the steroid hormones prednisolone, dexamethasone and estradiol. Induction required protein synthesis and was not inhibited by cordycepin or vinblastine. Optimum induction required the continued presence of the hormones. IR-+D-+ cells were also induced by these hormones to migrate in agar, attach to the surface of a Petri dish and form macrophages. IR-+D-minus cells showed a lower inducibility by these hormones and no formation of macrophages. There was no induction of any of these changes with IR-minusD-minus cells. The steroid hormones progesterone, testosterone and cortisone did not induce these changes in any of the leukemic cells and inhibited induction by prednisolone, dexamethasone and estradiol. The results indicate that specific surface membrane changes in myeloid leukemic cells can be induced by certain steroid hormones.
Int J Cancer 1975 May 15
PMID:Induction of specific changes in the surface membrane of myeloid leukemic cells by steroid hormones. 107 93

The cells of the lymphoreticular system are heterogeneous both morphologically and functionally. The bone marrow derived (B) lymphocyte can be identified by the presence of easily detectable surface immunoglobulin and a receptor for antigen-antibody-complement (EAC) complexes. Monocytes and histiocytes also bear a receptor for EAC and in addition possess a receptor for cytophilic antibody detected with red cell--IgG complexes (IgGEA). In man, thymus derived (T) lymphocytes form non-immune rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E). We have examined a number of malignant lymphoreticular populations for the presence of the EAC, EA, and E receptors on suspensions of cells and have adapted the technique to demonstrate the EAC and EA receptors on frozen tissue sections. Rosetted malignant cells can also be cytologically examined on Millipore filters. The malignant cells both in section and suspension from the spleens and lymph nodes of 6 patients with nodular lymphoma bound EAC but not IgGEA or E; by these criteria these malignant cells are of B lymphocytic origin. The malignant cells from the spleens of 2 patients with leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis and 1 patient with malignant histiocytosis could be classified as being of histiocytic origin by the selective binding of IgGEA. In 3 cases of diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma the malignant cells bound only E and are therefore of T lymphocytic origin. The application of these techniques to the classification of malignant lymphoma may lead to important theoretical and therapeutic advances.
Br J Cancer Suppl 1975 Mar
PMID:Membrane receptor sites for the identification of lymphoreticular cells in benign and malignant conditions. 108 Oct

The proportion of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was determined in patients with either mammary cancer or with various pelvic malignancies. In cancer patients studied prior to irradiation the level of cells forming either E-rosettes or EAC'-rosettes was similar to that found among healthy controls. Radiation therapy resulted in a striking lymphopenia. The level of cells with T-cell markers was diminished to a greater extent than the level of cells with B-cell markers. The relative proportion of T-cells forming high affinity E-rosettes was not reduced following radiation, so that it can be concluded that radiation affects predominantly the subpopulation of T-cells which do not form high affinity E-rosettes. Irradiation of the pelvic area resulted in a more rapid reduction of the level of T lymphocytes than irradiation of the mediastinum, although the final relative proportions of the cells were similar in both groups of patients. The results of the present study suggest that the reduction of the level of T lymphocytes following irradiation results from its effect on the lymphocytes in the major blood vessels, and that radiation of the thymus is not a prerequisite for this phenomenon.
Cancer 1976 Mar
PMID:The effect of radiation therapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in cancer patients. 108 85


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