Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1261473 (sarcoma)
 25,952 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Macroscopic stomach tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats during two chronic bioassays with the acetanilide herbicide butachlor at a dietary concentration of 3000 ppm, were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically in order to determine their identity and pathogenesis. The tumors, which occurred primarily in female rats, were a heterogeneous series, including a few consisting wholly or partly of classic solid or anaplastic epithelium, but with the majority containing diffusely distributed primitive neoplastic cells. The latter had either the general appearance of undifferentiated epithelium or presented a more "mesenchyme-like" pattern where the cells were epithelioid, blastema-like, neuroendocrine-like or sarcoma-like with fascicular disposition. Gastric glandular profiles were also present, usually located near the periphery of the tumors, but in some cases extending into the diffuse tumor tissue. Most of the tumors displayed variable immunohistochemical reactivity for cytokeratin, vimentin and neuron-specific enolase but were negative for muscle-specific actin or desmin except in the stromal tracts. Detailed examination of all available gastric tissue revealed the presence of additional microscopic neoplasms and precursor hyperplastic lesions. All of these were typical gastric neuroendocrine cell lesions (gastric carcinoids) originating in the fundic mucosa but occasionally invading submucosally, and consisting of epithelial cells in organized clusters, rosettes or primitive tubules. The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) nature of these microscopic neoplasms and precursor lesions was substantiated by strong immunohistochemical reactivity for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A, and a negative reaction for vimentin. One microscopic tumor showed a transition from differentiated neuroendocrine type in the fundic mucosa to a dispersed "mesenchyme-like" pattern in the submucosal extension. An additional finding in the butachlor-treated male and female rats was atrophy of the fundic mucosa involving, in particular, reduction in the numbers of parietal cells. This effect was dose-related, being most severe in the high-dose (3000 ppm) females. On the basis of their morphological characteristics, coupled with the continuity evident in the microscopic lesions, it is concluded that the macroscopic stomach tumors associated with the dietary administration of butachlor are poorly differentiated gastric carcinoids, in some cases admixed with a non-neuroendocrine epithelial element. Fundic ECL and stem cells are known to be under the trophic influence of gastrin, which is apparently responsible for the induction of the tumors associated with butachlor administration. Gastric tumor development involving gastrin is recognized as a secondary, hormonal mechanism of carcinogenesis, demonstrating a dose-threshold phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Identity and pathogenesis of stomach tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats associated with the dietary administration of butachlor. 758 Jan 13

The accurate immunohistochemical diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma--as distinct from carcinomas and other epithelioid neoplasms--is hindered by the lack of endothelial-selective reagents that are both sensitive and specific. To evaluate the potential utility of an "epithelial-specific" and an "endothelial-selective" monoclonal antibody in this differential diagnosis, B72.3 [anti-TAG 72 (tumor-associated glycoprotein-72)] and My 10 [anti-CD34 (the hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen)] were applied to 14 examples of angiosarcoma (seven with an epithelioid phenotype), nine epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas, and eight capillary hemangiomas, together with antibodies to factor VIII-related antigen (F8rag) and cytokeratin (CK), and the lectin Ulex europaeus I (UEA). The results of these analyses were compared with stains fro B72.3, CD34, and Ck in a variety of other epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms, including four epithelioid sarcomas, three epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, three alveolar soft part sarcomas, four clear cell sarcomas (malignant melanomas of soft parts), five malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and seven epithelioid leiomyosarcomas. The endothelial phenotype of each vascular tumor was supported by staining for either F8rag or UEA in all examples. Only angiosarcomas were reactive with B72.3, including five of seven epithelioid variants. None was positive for cytokeratin. Four epithelioid angiosarcomas were also reactive for CD34, but so were the majority of epithelioid leiomyosarcomas and at least one example each of all other epithelioid soft tissue tumors, except alveolar soft part sarcoma. In contrast, none of the latter tumor types was reactive with B72.3. These data indicate that anti-CD34 is not specific for endothelial tumors, whereas B72.3 reactivity is selective for epithelioid angiosarcomas. Despite published reports to the contrary, no tumor in this series was reactive for cytokeratin. An immunohistochemical panel that includes antibodies to both cytokeratin and B72.3, in addition to other lineage-selective mesenchymal markers, is useful in the diagnostic recognition of epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms.
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PMID:B72.3 and CD34 immunoreactivity in malignant epithelioid soft tissue tumors. Adjuncts in the recognition of endothelial neoplasms. 767 85

Four cases of chondroid syringoma containing large numbers of hyaline or plasmacytoid cells are described. Three cases occurred in the hand and one in the foot. Hyaline cells are commonly seen in mixed tumours and myoepitheliomas of salivary glands and rarely in chondroid syringomas. The hyaline-cell change in three of the cases initially caused diagnostic difficulties and the possibility of sarcoma was raised in two cases. In addition to the characteristic hyaline cells, the presence of tubulo-glandulo-ductal structures, benign squamous epithelium and myxochondroid stroma aided diagnosis. Immunohistochemically, the hyaline cells exhibited positivity for vimentin, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, carcino-embryonic antigen, focal glial fibrillary acidic protein (3 cases), neuron-specific enolase (3 cases) and focal alpha-smooth muscle actin (2 cases). Occasional cells were Ber EP4 positive (2 cases). In some cells, a striking peripheral ring-like positivity for cytokeratin and S-100 protein was noted. Ultrastructurally, desmosomes, varying numbers of tonofibrils and non-bundling intermediate filaments were seen. Scanty fine filaments with vague focal densities were detected in some cells. Our studies suggest that the hyaline cells represent modified epithelial as well as myoepithelial cells. One of our cases also exhibited collagenous spherulosis.
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PMID:Chondroid syringoma with hyaline cell change. 768 53

A new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (ES020488) was established from a cutaneous metastasis in 26-year-old man, and was morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo by comparison with the original tumor. The ES020488 cells showed a male karyotype ranging from 39 to 83 chromosomes, with various abnormalities but no specific pattern. The cells were round, polygonal or spindle-shaped with abundant cytoplasm and round nuclei containing prominent nucleoli; they proliferated in a sheet-like pattern. Tumors transplanted into nude mice revealed essentially the same features as the original tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells immunohistochemically expressed vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA, but not desmin and S-100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed irregular or round nuclei containing abundant euchromatin and prominent nucleoli, many intermediate filaments running irregularly or around the nucleus, and a number of filopodia-like processes. ES020488 cells were thus proven to retain and exhibit the unique morphological characteristics of an epithelioid sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. These cells are possibly derived from synovioblastic mesenchyme.
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PMID:Morphological characterization of a new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line, ES020488, in vitro and in vivo. 768 33

The human hepatoma cell line G2 (Hep G2) has been compared to lung carcinoma, sarcoma and skin fibroblasts for the expression of intermediate filaments, i.e. vimentin and cytokeratin. The immunofluorescence study revealed that, in contradiction to Szecheng et al. (1987), cytokeratin and vimentin are absent in Hep G2. Human skin fibroblasts and sarcoma cells expressed vimentin as expected for their mesenchymal origin, but a positive reaction to vimentin could also be shown in lung carcinoma cells. However, the vimentin filament structure of both these tumour cell lines was different in comparison with skin fibroblasts. Therefore determining the exact tissue origin of tumour cell lines by means of intermediate filament characterization remains doubtful.
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PMID:Characterisation of human tumour cell lines using antibodies to intermediate filaments. 769 76

Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a recently recognized, uncommon soft tissue neoplasm with a tendency to develop in deep soft tissue of young adults. Diagnostic criteria have not been well defined and this tumour has not been widely accepted as a distinct entity. Eleven new cases are reported here for which reproducible histological features are described and in which the immunohistochemical profile of the tumour cells is documented for the first time. Ten of the eleven patients were male and the majority were young or middle-aged adults (median age 45 years). All except one of the tumours were situated in deep soft tissue. Lower limb (four cases) and chest wall (three cases) were the commonest primary sites; one case each arose in the groin, buttock, axilla and retroperitoneum. Follow-up (median duration 6 years) was available in nine patients. Six developed local recurrence and in five cases recurrences were multiple. Pulmonary metastasis occurred in one patient. All tumours were characterized by the presence of bland spindle cells, showing a mainly whorled or focally linear arrangement, set in alternating areas with a fibrous or myxoid stroma. Tumour cells were small, spindle to stellate, with poorly defined, palely eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic ovoid nuclei. Most tumour cells showed strong staining with antibodies to vimentin, while occasional cells stained positively for actin, desmin and cytokeratin, in keeping with focal myofibroblastic differentiation. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed features of fibroblasts. Careful consideration of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of these tumours permits a positive diagnosis of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and allows its distinction from a number of other benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms.
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PMID:Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of eleven new cases in support of a distinct entity. 1068 Nov 95

Adamantinoma is a rare primary tumour of long bones containing mesenchymatous and epithelial cells. There has been some controversy over the pathogenesis. We observed a localization in the right tibia. A 22-year-old patient from Algeria was seen for spontaneous progressively increasing pain in the upper part of the right tibia. The patient's general health had deteriorated somewhat, with fever. On examination there was ulceration of the skin, costal and pelvic pain and inflammatory right inguinal lymph nodes. Radiography revealed lateral metaphyseal lytic image with interruption of the cortex also seen on magnetic resonance imaging which revealed invasion of the soft tissue and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. Bone scintigraphy showed several zones of hyperfixation. The diagnosis of adamantinoma was confirmed by pathology examination of the biopsy specimen. On surgical exeresis, the capsule of the knee joint was found to be involved without invasion of the knee joint. Node dissection showed inguinal and popliteal invasion. Macroscopically, the surgical specimen was a red-whitish osteolytic tumour. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of hyperchromatic epithelial cells in an abondant fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemical studies were negative for vimentine, cytokeratin and factor VIII. Adjuvant chemotherapy was based on a sarcoma protocol. Unfortunately, after two cycles, white cell counts fell sharply and multiple skin nodules appeared together with progression of the bone metastases. The chemotherapy was modified without any therapeutic effect and the patient died in February 1993. An epithelial origin would appear most probable, but at least two groups of adamantinoma can be described: one with typical epithelial differenciation and one overlapping to the differential diagnosis of osteofibrous dysplasia. Although considered as a low grade malignant tumour, we emphasize the aggressive forms with local relapse or metastatic resistance to chemotherapy. Treatment relies on wide surgery and prognosis is generally good. Neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy has stood the test of time in cases with metastasis.
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PMID:[Adamantinoma of the proximal end of the tibia. A case]. 782 79

Two cases of atypical decubital fibroplasia (ischemic fasciitis) were presented. Both patients were immunocompromized and their lesions were located in usual decubital places (back shoulder, femorogluteal region). Histology was typical: 1. zone of fibrinoid necrosis, 2. neighbouring cellular parts reminding of proliferative fasciitis. Focal high cellularity with atypical ganglioid fibroblasts and mitotic activity imitated sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of vimentin in all cells and of KP1 (CD 68), lysozym as well as F-XIIIa in majority of them. There was not any expression of desmin, actin, S-100 protein, cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Importance of atypical decubital fibroplasia (ischemic fasciitis) is in its histological similarity to sarcoma-as it was in both the presented cases.
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PMID:[Atypical decubital fibroplasia (ischemic fasciitis)--a new pseudosarcomatous entity]. 785 18

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) proved to be an essential adjunct in the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytological diagnosis of chordoma of the clivus in a 62-year-old woman. The cytological picture in routinely stained smears was not entirely diagnostic for chordoma due to the paucity of typical 'physalipherous' cells. To exclude other primary or metastatic neoplasms of the skull base possibly sharing the same cytological picture, additional direct smears were immunostained with antibodies specific for cytokeratin (CK), vimentin (VIM), S100 protein (S100P), carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD68 antigen (KP1) and with the 'panepithelial' antibodies B72.3 and Ber-EP4. Chordoma cells showed the following immunoprofile: CK+/VIM+/S100P+/CEA-/EMA+/GFAP-/B72.3-/Ber-EP4-/CD68+. The pattern of immunoreactivity for CK, S100P and CEA confirms previously reported data, while the B72.3-/Ber-EP4-/CD68+ staining profile represents a novel observation. The detection of a CK+/S100+/CEA-/B72.3-/Ber-EP4- immunocytological profile of chordoma cells in aspirates is a basic requirement to exclude pertinent diagnostic differentials, such as metastatic carcinoma, ependymoma and sarcoma, and permits a reliable pre-operative diagnosis of the tumour by aspiration cytology.
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PMID:Decisive role of immunocytochemistry in aspiration cytology of chordoma of the clivus: a case report with review of the literature. 803 26

Bovine mammary epithelial cells from teat and ductal tissue were isolated at necropsy and were grown in culture. Cells were characterized by the presence of cytokeratin filaments, cell morphologic features, synthesis of milk proteins, esterase activity, DNA content, and growth patterns on polystyrene, fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and reconstituted basement membrane from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma. Cultured teat and ductal cells stained intensely for cytokeratin and had similar morphologic features. Both cell types synthesized alpha-casein, beta-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin to variable degrees. Cell type and culture conditions did not affect the DNA content of the cells, as indicated by similar amounts of DNA in G0G1 and G2M phases of the mitotic cycle in cultured cells and in cells from freshly isolated mammary explants. Cells cultured on polystyrene, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen formed pavement-like cell monolayers suitable for cytotoxicity and bacterial adherence studies. Cells cultured on the reconstituted basement membrane from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma formed three-dimensional structures closely resembling lactiferous ducts and alveoli, which could be used for studying lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Freshly isolated cells and cultured cells were stored at -70 C or in liquid nitrogen. The latter storage method affected the cells less than did freezing at -70 C.
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PMID:Bovine mammary teat and ductal epithelial cell cultures. 817 14


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