Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1261473 (sarcoma)
 25,952 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BALB/c mice were rendered immune to syngeneic SV40-induced sarcoma by subcutaneous injection of mKSA-TU5 tissue-culture adapted cells. Spleen cells from immune mice were examined for tumor-cell neutralization in the Winn assay as well as in in vitro lymphocyte stimulation assays. A microculture (200 mul) lymphocyte stimulation (LS) assay utilizing immune spleen cells was employed with mixed lymphocyte/tumor-cell cultures (MLTC) and the papain crude soluble (CS) extracts from mKSA-TU5 cells. Specificity in the LS assay was determined using spleen cells from mice immune to other syngeneic tumors and by soluble antigenic preparation of normal BALB/c spleen cells. The Winn assay studies demonstrated that spleen cells from mKSA-sensitized mice neutralized mKSA tumor cells and this was corroborated by their resistance to direct tumor challenge. Positive lymphocyte transformation responses in MLTC were observed when mKSA-TU5-sensitized spleen cells were mixed with mitocycin-C-treated intact tumor cells or when papain-solubilized antigens of mKSA cells were employed, but not with non-immune spleen cells or with a soluble antigen from normal cells. Papain-solubilized antigen preparations employed in in vitro assays also immunized against challenge with mKSA tumor cells. Specificity of these lymphocyte transformation reactions was demonstrated with non-sensitized lymphoid cells or lymphoid cells from mice sensitized with a syngeneic Kirsten virus-induced respond. Thus, mKSA tumor surface antigens were recognized on intact tumor cells or with microgram quantities of papain-solubilized extracts from these tumor cells. We believe the lymphocyte stimulation assay affords a method for demonstrating the presence of tumor-specific antigen and for monitoring further purification procedures.
 ...
PMID:Studies of lymphocyte stimulation by intact tumor-cell and solubilized tumor antigen. 5 34

The dissociated cell surface membranes of a rat Moloney sarcoma (MST), derived from a BN rat, were extracted with 2 M KI, with 6 M guanidine thiocyanate, or by papain digestion. Extracts obtained with these three reagents were fractionated on columns of controlled-pore glass, 170 A pore size. A fraction was eluted from each preparation that contained tumor-associated antigens (TAA), viral, fetal, and histocompatibility antigens. With an antibody specific for TAA, the TAA, devoid of detectable viral, fetal, and histocompatibility antigens, were co-precipitated by addition of goat antibody to rat immunoglobulin. After electrophoresis, on slab gels, three bands were detected with estimated m.w. of 185,000, 150,000, and 70,000. No such bands were detected on slab gel electrophoresis with extracts of BC5, a chemically induced tumor, of normal BN lymphoid cells, of M-MuLV, or of fetuses, after incubation with anti-TAA antibody and goat antibody to rat immunoglobulin. TAA extracts prepared with 2 M KI, 6 M guanidine thiocyanate, or papain digestion showed immunologic reactivity. Cold TAA inhibited the co-precipitation of labeled TAA by rat antibody specific for TAA; they elicited antibody in guinea pigs but not in rats; and antibodies specific for TAA were cytotoxic to MST in the presence of C.
 ...
PMID:Tumor-associated antigens of rat moloney sarcoma cells. I. Cell-surface antigens. 8 54

We have solubilized by limited papain digestion and partially purified the tumor rejection antigen, tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA), from membranes of a simian virus 40-induced sarcoma. Uniform-sized materials with a molecular weight range of 50,000 have retained their tumor rejection activities through the purification procedures. The simian virus 40 TSTA have been separated from H-2 activity by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A columns and no evidence was found for H-2 antigens in the unbound fraction (I) of concanavalin A containing TSTA activity. A reduced yield from the crude soluble fraction was observed with Fraction I of concanavalin A material and this may indeed represent fragmentation of antigen during papain digestion. These results stand in contrast to purification of histocompatibility antigens (H-2alpha) using the same methods and techniques. Low concentrations of simian virus 40 TSTA crude soluble materials were nervertheless biologically active. A concentration as low as 4 mug protein provided 50% tumor rejection and 0.1 mug protein provided lymphocyte stimulation. Both assays reflected specificity of response.
 ...
PMID:Biological and biochemical properties of soluble tumor-specific transplantation antigen of a simian virus 40-induced neoplasm. 18 51

The cell-mediated immune status of B10.D2 (H-2d) mice immunized with spleen cells from a congenic strain, B10.A (H-2a), differing at the H-2 locus and of BALB/c mice immunized with a syngeneic simian virus 40 (SV40)-induced sarcoma (mKSA-TU5) was evaluated by an agarose microassay for migration inhibition factor. The inducing antigens in this experiment were papain-solubilized and partially purified chromatographic preparations of spleen cells from A/J mice (H-2a) and a papain-solubilized antigen extract prepared from a tissue culture-adapted cell line (TU-5), derived from the SV40-induced mKSA tumor. The assay used microliters of normal or immune peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) resuspended in a 2-mul droplet of agarose and cultured in the presence or absence of antigen. Specific migration inhibition of PEC from immunized mice was observed with concentrations of solubilized antigen preparations as low as 2.0 mug/ml (3.67 mug/chamber).
 ...
PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in mice against papain-solubilized histocompatibility and tumor-specific antigens by a macrophage migration inhibition microassay. 18 17

Quantitative studies have been performed on the immunogenicity of a membrane-bound antigen of a simian virus 40 (SV40) -induced sarcoma in syngeneic BALB/c mice and of subcellular fractions derived from this tumor. The objectives of the investigation were: a) to develop a quantitative in vivo assay of the tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) and b) to compare the distribution of histocompatibility antigens, H-2, with that of the SV40 TSTA during several fractionation steps. The immunogenicity of the TSTA-containing fractions was assessed from dose-response curves relating tumor size and the amount of protein used for immunization. After digestion of the tumor cell membranes with a limited amount of papain, H-2 as well as TSTA were present in a soluble form. A single immunization with only 2 microng of the solubilized TSTA reduced the tumor size by 70% compared to that in nonimmunized control animals. The results of several fractionation steps suggest that H-2 and the TSTA are not tightly associated in the solubilized immunogenic material.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative in vivo studies of soluble simian virus 40 tumor-specific transplantation antigens of the mouse. 19 45

Elevated activities of cysteine proteinases such as cathepsins B and L and cancer procoagulant have been linked to tumor malignancy. In the present study we examined the hypothesis that these elevated activities could be due to impaired regulation by the endogenous low molecular mass cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins). Inhibitors from human sarcoma were compared to those from human liver, a normal tissue in which the inhibitors had been characterized previously. An extract of cystatins from sarcoma was less effective against papain and cathepsin B (liver or tumor) than was an extract from liver. This reduced inhibitory capacity in sarcoma was not due to a reduction in either the concentrations or specific activities of the cystatins or an absence of any family or isoform of cystatins. We purified two members of the cystatin superfamily (stefin A and stefin B) to homogeneity and determined their individual inhibitory properties. Stefins B from liver and sarcoma exhibited comparable inhibition of papain and cathepsin B. In contrast, stefin A from sarcoma exhibited a reduced ability to inhibit papain, human liver cathepsins B, H and L and human and murine tumor cathepsin B. The Ki for inhibition of liver cathepsin B by sarcoma stefin A was 10-fold higher than that for inhibition of liver cathepsin B by liver stefin A, reflecting a reduction in the rate constant for association and an increase in the rate constant for dissociation. Cancer is now the third pathologic condition reported to be associated with alterations in cystatins, the other two being amyloidosis and muscular dystrophy.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitory properties of low molecular mass cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human sarcoma. 280 24

Mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was purified from serum through a series of steps, and each step was monitored for L-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor-necrotizing activity in vivo. The two activities copurified and could not be dissociated. Purified mouse TNF has a specific activity of 2.2 X 10(7) (L-cell assay in the absence of actinomycin D) and 1 microgram causes necrosis of the standard TNF-sensitive sarcoma Meth A. TNF has a Mr of 39,000 +/- 2000 by gel filtration and a Mr of 16,000-18,000 by NaDodSO4/PAGE. Both molecular weight forms display cytotoxic and necrotizing activities. TNF has a pI of 3.9 and is destroyed by trypsin, protease, elastase, and alpha-chymotrypsin but not by neuraminidase or papain. These characteristics of nonrecombinant mouse TNF clearly resemble those of recombinant human and mouse TNF.
 ...
PMID:Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of nonrecombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor. 352 May 61

Soluble, partially purified, histocompatibility antigens that were obtained from the membranes of A/J spleen cells have been assayed for their capacity to elicit immunologic enhancement of two tumors of A-strain origin: YAA-C1 and Sarcoma I. Crude membrane material and a partially purified, soluble antigen that were contained in a specific fraction, obtained after chromatography on a Sephadex G-150 column, elicited enhancement; this fraction has been shown to contain immunogenic histocompatibility-2(a) antigens as well as alloantigenic specificities that were detected serologically. Another soluble fraction did not induce enhancement; this fraction has been shown to contain antigens other than H-2. Passive enhancement of both tumors was achieved with antisera produced in allogeneic mice that were inoculated with crude membrane material or with a fraction obtained by Sephadex G-150 chromatography. These antisera contained cytotoxic and/or hemagglutinating antibodies. Immunologic enhancement was specific. A readily enhanceable tumor, Py 89, of C57BL origin was not enhanced with anti-H-2(a) antisera. These results suggest strongly that all important H-2(a) transplantation antigenic determinants of spleen cells can be recovered by partial papain digestion and fractionation on a Sephadex G-150 column.
 ...
PMID:Immunologic enhancement of allogeneic tumor growth with soluble histocompatibility-2 antigens. 410 71

A population of Fab fragments was identified in the papain-solubilized fraction of membranes of a rat chemically-induced sarcoma, KMT 17. The Fab fragments were partially purified by gel filtration and column electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum against the partially purified Fab fragments was raised and shows to be specific for Fab fragments by immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, four lines of evidence supported that the KMT 17 Fab-fragments carry a cross-reactive idiotype; 1) the antiserum could bind only with a restricted population of normal Fab fragments having pI of 6.3, 2) an unrelated antibody (WKA anti-SRBC) showed a weak cross-reactivity (less than 6%), 3) syngeneic antisera against the KMT 17 could bind with the 125I-KMT 17 Fab preparation that was purified by an immunoabsorbent column with the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum (anti-idiotype antibody), 4) the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum could bind with neither heavy nor light chains of WKA IgG. The natural antibody carrying the idiotype was found in normal serum and in various organs as well, especially in the lung of the conventional rats. In addition, the fractions containing Fab fragments (FrII) were shown to have enhancing activity of the tumor growth when they were injected into syngeneic animals. Whereas Fab-free fractions that were separated from the Fab fragments by column electrophoresis showed no enhancing activity. These results suggested strongly that a population of Fab fragments carrying a cross-reactive idiotype was responsible for the enhancement of tumor growth. Mechanisms for the biological function of natural anti-tumor antibodies carrying a cross-reactive idiotype were discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of natural anti-tumor antibody carrying a cross-reactive idiotype in the rat]. 662 13

A population of Fab fragments was identified in the papain-solubilized fraction of membranes of a rat chemically-induced sarcoma, KMT 17. The Fab fragments were partially purified by gel filtration and column electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum against the partially purified Fab fragments was raised and shown to be specific for Fab fragments by immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, four lines of evidence indicated that the KMT 17 Fab fragments carry a cross-reactive idiotype: (1) the antiserum could bind only with a restricted population of normal Fab fragments having a pl of 6.3; (2) an unrelated antibody (WKA anti-SRBC) showed a weak cross-reactivity (less than 6%); (3) syngeneic antisera against the KMT 17 could bind with the 125I-KMT 17 Fab preparation that was purified by an immunoabsorbent column with the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum (anti-idiotype antibody); (4) the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum could bind with neither heavy nor light chains of WKA IgG. The natural antibody carrying the idiotype was found in normal serum and in various organs as well, especially in the lung of the conventional rats. In addition, the fractions containing Fab fragments (Frll) were shown to enhance tumor growth when injected into syngeneic animals, whereas Fab-free fractions that were separated from the Fab fragments by column electrophoresis showed no enhancing activity. These results strongly suggested that a population of Fab fragments carrying a cross-reactive idiotype was responsible for the enhancement of tumor growth. Mechanisms for the biological function of natural anti-tumor antibodies carrying a cross-reactive idiotype are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Natural antibodies carrying a cross-reactive idiotype enhance tumor growth in the rat. 730 96


1